中铝青海分公司大型铝电解槽效应情况分析与决策系统研究
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摘要
本文从铝电解生产实际出发，结合智能模糊控制策略，对铝电解槽效应发生情况进行统计分析，设计了基于控制系统参数调整的新型效应分析报表，报表结构新颖，针对性强，具有很好的可操作性，为数据挖掘提供了结构合理的数据源。针对氧化铝浓度降低引起的效应，总结了控制系统的效应预报机制；针对槽况不稳引起的温度效应，对基于人工神经网络的热平衡诊断专家系统进行了优化。
改进的神经网络专家系统网络结构简洁实用，诊断速度和准确度均有所提高，为效应分析系统的构造提供了辅助决策支持。同时为设定电压、出铝量及氟盐添加量提供了简化的线性决策机制。
开发了基于灰关联度算法的数据挖掘型效应分析系统，运用数据挖掘技术对效应数据进行加工，得到一定时期内效应发生的主要影响因素，并首次将数据挖掘技术引入工业控制系统的决策及管理分析中，初步实验表明这种数据分析技术对提高控制系统的决策水平及强化科学化管理具有很强的实用性，值得做进一步的深入研究。
最后，基于数据挖掘和神经网络专家系统的输出结果，对控制系统的控制参数进行调整，达到效应分析及决策的智能化处理。通过对效应受控情况进行动态调整，为电解槽的平稳运行及生产技术指标的进一步提高提供技术保障。
Based on the production practice of the aluminum electrolysis and combined the intelligent fuzzy control strategy, the occurrence of the effect in aluminum electrolysis cells were analyzed in statistical way and the newly effect analyses report form, which has novel structure, strong pertinence and perfect maneuverability, was designed founded on the parameter adjustment of control system .This provide the data source with reasonable structure for data mining. To resolve the effect caused by the drop of the alumina concentration, the effect prediction mechanism of control system was summarized; to resolve the temperature effect caused by instability of cell condition, the heat diagnose expert system that based on the manual neural network was optimized.
The ameliorated neural network, which is compacted and practicably and has been improved in the speed and veracity of the diagnose, give support to the assistant decision of the effect analyses system conformation. It also provides simplified linear decision mechanism for the voltage setting, the amount of siphon aluminum and the quantum of the fluoride additive.
The data mining effect analyses system was developed based on the gray scale association arithmetic. The effect data were processed by the data mining technology and the main affect factor were gained. For the first time, the data mining technology was introduced into the decision and management analyses of industrial control system, and the elementary experiments show that it can be of great practicability for the decision level improvement of control system and the strengthen of scientific management. So, this is deserved to the further research.
At last, based on the output of the data mining and neural network expert system, adjust the control parameter of the control system, so as to achieve the effect analyses and the intelligent process of decision. By dynamic regulation of the control of the effect, offer the technological guarantee for the stable operation of the aluminum electrolysis cell and the further improvement of the production index.
改进的神经网络专家系统网络结构简洁实用，诊断速度和准确度均有所提高，为效应分析系统的构造提供了辅助决策支持。同时为设定电压、出铝量及氟盐添加量提供了简化的线性决策机制。
开发了基于灰关联度算法的数据挖掘型效应分析系统，运用数据挖掘技术对效应数据进行加工，得到一定时期内效应发生的主要影响因素，并首次将数据挖掘技术引入工业控制系统的决策及管理分析中，初步实验表明这种数据分析技术对提高控制系统的决策水平及强化科学化管理具有很强的实用性，值得做进一步的深入研究。
最后，基于数据挖掘和神经网络专家系统的输出结果，对控制系统的控制参数进行调整，达到效应分析及决策的智能化处理。通过对效应受控情况进行动态调整，为电解槽的平稳运行及生产技术指标的进一步提高提供技术保障。
Based on the production practice of the aluminum electrolysis and combined the intelligent fuzzy control strategy, the occurrence of the effect in aluminum electrolysis cells were analyzed in statistical way and the newly effect analyses report form, which has novel structure, strong pertinence and perfect maneuverability, was designed founded on the parameter adjustment of control system .This provide the data source with reasonable structure for data mining. To resolve the effect caused by the drop of the alumina concentration, the effect prediction mechanism of control system was summarized; to resolve the temperature effect caused by instability of cell condition, the heat diagnose expert system that based on the manual neural network was optimized.
The ameliorated neural network, which is compacted and practicably and has been improved in the speed and veracity of the diagnose, give support to the assistant decision of the effect analyses system conformation. It also provides simplified linear decision mechanism for the voltage setting, the amount of siphon aluminum and the quantum of the fluoride additive.
The data mining effect analyses system was developed based on the gray scale association arithmetic. The effect data were processed by the data mining technology and the main affect factor were gained. For the first time, the data mining technology was introduced into the decision and management analyses of industrial control system, and the elementary experiments show that it can be of great practicability for the decision level improvement of control system and the strengthen of scientific management. So, this is deserved to the further research.
At last, based on the output of the data mining and neural network expert system, adjust the control parameter of the control system, so as to achieve the effect analyses and the intelligent process of decision. By dynamic regulation of the control of the effect, offer the technological guarantee for the stable operation of the aluminum electrolysis cell and the further improvement of the production index.
引文
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2. IPAI Primary Aluminum Production in 1998. Aluminum, 75(3),1999, 189
3. Pawlek R. P. Primary Aluminum Smelters of the Word: Nameplate Capacities and Shut Down Capacities. Light Metals Age, 57(1-2), 1999, 8～10
4. Andrew Hall. Arabal '95-Dubai. Light Metal Age, 54(2-3), 1996, 52～60
5. Grjotheim K and Kvande H. Introduction to Aluminum Electrolysis, Understanding the Hall-Heroult Process. 2nd ed., Dusseldorf: Aluminum-Verlag, 1993
6. Oye H. A, Mason N, Peterson R. D et al. Aluminum: Approaching the New Millennium. JOM, 1999, 51(2), 29～42
7. Nussbaum A. I. Aluminum Smelter Technology for the Nineties. Light Metal Age, 51(1-2), 1993, 8～77
8．刘海石，曹玉军，姚克雷等．160kA中间下料预焙槽生产技术条件的优化．轻金属，2001，(1)，36～38
9．周铁托，黄建中，李勇等．铝电解槽低电解温度稳定控制技术的综合研究(下)——电解温度稳定控制模型及软件包的研究与开发．轻金属，1999，(11)，37～41
10．周铁托．铝电解工艺技术综合研究．轻金属，1995，(10)：34
11．洪建中，周铁托．铝电解槽新工艺控制技术的综合研究．轻金属，1998(增刊)：113
12．梁学民，于家谋，冯绍忠等．九十年代我国铝电解技术新进展．轻金属，2000，(2)，33～38
13．李民军．预焙铝电解槽新工艺技术条件和计算机控制模型研究(中南工业大学博士学位论文)．长沙，1999，12
14．田应甫．大型预焙铝电解槽生产实践．长沙：中南工业大学出版社，1997
15．黄永忠，王化章，王平甫等．铝电解生产．长沙：中南工业大学出版社，1994．1
16. Tikasz L and Horvath J. Expert System-based Consulting Toolkit for Aluminum Electrolysis. Reent Metallurgical Advances in Light Metals Industries, 1995, 271～285
17．殷恩生．160kA中心下料预焙铝电解槽生产工艺及管理．长沙：中南工业大学出版社，1997．6
18. Goodnow W. H. Cell Resistanse and Alumina Addition. Light Metals 1976, Warrendale, PA.. TMS, 1976, 295～314
19. Claude A. Wilson and Alton T. Tabereaux. Method for improved alumina control in aluminum electrolytic cells . US Pat. 4425201, 1982. 1. 27
20. Claude A. Wilson and Alton T. Tabereaux. Alumina Control in Center-Break Cells. Light Metals 1983, Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1983, 479～493
21. Haupin W. E. Process Control. Production of Aluminum and Alumina, ed. BurkinA. R, Chichester: John Wiley& Sons, 1987
22. Reverdy M. Potline Operation and Control. The 7th International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminum, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, 1988
23. Grjotheim K and Kvande H. Introduction to Aluminum Electrolysis, Understanding the Hall-Heroult Process, 2nd ed.. Dusseldorf: Aluminum-Verlag, 1993
24. Alton T. Tabereaux, William E. Watts, and Claude A. Wilson. Method for improved alumina control in aluminum electrolytic cells em ploying point feeders US Pat. 4654130
25. Fiona J.Stevens,Weidong Zhang,Mark P.Taylor,et al.The Interaction Between Current Efficiency and Energy Balance in Aluminium Reduction Cells.Light Metals 1992:541～547.
26．吴连成．106 k A上插槽热平衡特点及其对生产过程的影响．轻金属(冶炼)，1997，(7)：24～27．
27．张泉林，张桐林，程江川．铝电解生产工艺改进实践．轻金属，1999，(10)：33～35．
28．梁芳慧，冯乃祥，孙阳．铝电解槽电压电流强度对电解槽热平衡的影响计算．轻金属，2000，(12)：33～36．
29．邱竹贤．铝电解．冶金工业出版社，1982．
30．王洪．铝电解槽节能现状及其潜力．轻金属，1994，(7)：21～28．
31. Wilson, Claude A, Tabereaux, et al. Process and apparatus for ccurately controlling the rate of introduction and the content of alumina in an igneous electrolysis tank in the production ofaluminium. U S Pat. 4431491
32. Moen T. Adaptive Control of Alumina Reduction Cells with Point Feeders. Light Metals, 1985: 459～469
33. Rolland W K. Haldris-an Expert System for Process Control and Supervision of Aluminum Smelters. Light Metals, 1991: 437～443
34．李劫，王前普，肖劲．预焙铝电解槽智能模糊控制系统．中国有色金属学报，1998，8(3)：557-562．
35. Jie Li. Proceeding of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Engineering,Edited by Huang Xinhan et al.Wuhan,China:HUST Press, 1998.6:476-479.
36．周铁托，洪建中．铝电解低分子比控制过程中若干技术问题探讨．轻金属．1997(10)：38-42。
37．黄永忠，王化章，王平甫等．铝电解生产．中南工业大学出版社，1994，1．
38．王瑞奇．铝电解槽计算机控制系统．轻金属，1999，(8)：31～32．
39．李劫，黄永忠，刘业翔．铝电解槽工艺参数采集系统及工艺参数测试与研究．轻金属，1992，168(9)：21～26
40. Seger J A, Haupin W E. Method and apparatus for controlling the heat balance in aluminum reduction cells U S Pat. 4333803
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