基于DDT法放电特征的复合绝缘子憎水性评估的研究
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摘要
复合绝缘子在特高压和超高压输电线路上得到广泛应用,但其憎水性的下降已经成为影响电力系统稳定性和可靠性的重要原因之一。本文基于动态滴水法,采用脉冲电流法和天线获取实验中的沿面放电电磁波信号的方法,对硅橡胶复合绝缘子表面憎水性进行了研究,其主要创新点如下:
基于脉冲电流法实验研究了不同电晕老化时间条件下的硅橡胶复合绝缘子试样表面放电特征量,对包括放电幅值、放电脉冲次数、相邻放电幅值、相邻放电时间间隔在内的特征量进行了分析。结果表明,随着试样憎水性的降低,放电脉冲与放电幅值、放电幅值与相邻放电幅值、相邻放电时间间隔与放电幅值关系谱图均呈现规律性变化,该方法与传统的静态接触角法有较高相似性,具有更加直观、清楚、准确、可靠、便于操作、利于推广的优点。
基于非线性理论对表面放电信号进行了分析研究,采用天线接收放电产生的电磁波信号,利用小波理论获取放电信号的三维时频谱图和二维等高线谱图,采用分形维数和缺陷率方法分析放电信号剧烈程度,采用递归理论分析放电信号的重复对称度,并进行了定量分析,结果表明,该方法与传统的静态触角法相比具有较高相似度,方法更加直观,具有较高的准确性和可靠性,并为今后复合绝缘子在线监测系统的开发奠定基础。
With the wide application of polymer insulators in UHV and EHV transmission lines, the decrease of hydrophobicity becomes one of the prominent factors to affect the stability and reliability of power system. In this paper, based on DDT method, pulse current method and an antenna were utilized to receive the surface discharge signals in the experiment for hydrophobicity evaluation of polymer insulators. The main innovations are as follolws:
Based on pulse current method, the characterizations of surface discharge on the aged samples, including the discharge magnitude, pulse number, adjacent discharge magnitude and adjacent time interval, had been analyzed to evaluate the surface hydrophobicity. It is found that the characteristic patterns of surface discharges apparently show the increasing tendency with the decrease of hydrophobic level. The similarity degree between the discharge characteristic methods and the traditional contact angle method is analyzed to obtain the higher similarity coefficients, while this method presents intuitive, clear, accurate, reliable and easy to operate.
Based on non-liner theory, surface discharge signals were analyzed, and an antenna was utilized to receive electromagnetic signals, which were induced during the surface discharge on the sample surface. The wavelet theory was applied to obtain 3-D images and 2-D contour line spectra of surface discharge. The fractal dimensions and lacunarity were computed to assess the severity of surface discharge quantificationally, and the recurrent plot technique was applied to analyze the symmetry of the discharge signals. The result shows that the method has a high similarity compared with the traditional contact angle method, as well as high accuracy, reliability and promotion.
基于脉冲电流法实验研究了不同电晕老化时间条件下的硅橡胶复合绝缘子试样表面放电特征量,对包括放电幅值、放电脉冲次数、相邻放电幅值、相邻放电时间间隔在内的特征量进行了分析。结果表明,随着试样憎水性的降低,放电脉冲与放电幅值、放电幅值与相邻放电幅值、相邻放电时间间隔与放电幅值关系谱图均呈现规律性变化,该方法与传统的静态接触角法有较高相似性,具有更加直观、清楚、准确、可靠、便于操作、利于推广的优点。
基于非线性理论对表面放电信号进行了分析研究,采用天线接收放电产生的电磁波信号,利用小波理论获取放电信号的三维时频谱图和二维等高线谱图,采用分形维数和缺陷率方法分析放电信号剧烈程度,采用递归理论分析放电信号的重复对称度,并进行了定量分析,结果表明,该方法与传统的静态触角法相比具有较高相似度,方法更加直观,具有较高的准确性和可靠性,并为今后复合绝缘子在线监测系统的开发奠定基础。
With the wide application of polymer insulators in UHV and EHV transmission lines, the decrease of hydrophobicity becomes one of the prominent factors to affect the stability and reliability of power system. In this paper, based on DDT method, pulse current method and an antenna were utilized to receive the surface discharge signals in the experiment for hydrophobicity evaluation of polymer insulators. The main innovations are as follolws:
Based on pulse current method, the characterizations of surface discharge on the aged samples, including the discharge magnitude, pulse number, adjacent discharge magnitude and adjacent time interval, had been analyzed to evaluate the surface hydrophobicity. It is found that the characteristic patterns of surface discharges apparently show the increasing tendency with the decrease of hydrophobic level. The similarity degree between the discharge characteristic methods and the traditional contact angle method is analyzed to obtain the higher similarity coefficients, while this method presents intuitive, clear, accurate, reliable and easy to operate.
Based on non-liner theory, surface discharge signals were analyzed, and an antenna was utilized to receive electromagnetic signals, which were induced during the surface discharge on the sample surface. The wavelet theory was applied to obtain 3-D images and 2-D contour line spectra of surface discharge. The fractal dimensions and lacunarity were computed to assess the severity of surface discharge quantificationally, and the recurrent plot technique was applied to analyze the symmetry of the discharge signals. The result shows that the method has a high similarity compared with the traditional contact angle method, as well as high accuracy, reliability and promotion.
引文
[1]刘振亚,特高压电网[M],北京:中国电力出版社,2005:1~10
[2]赵智大,高电压技术[M],北京:中国经济出版社,2006:233~234
[3]陈德铭,大量发展特高压输电技术[J],中国科技投资,2007(1):305
[4]赵兴勇,张秀彬,特高压输电技术在我国的实施及发展[J],能源技术,2007, (2)15~16
[5]崔江流,宿志一,易辉,我国硅橡胶复合绝缘子的应用与展望[J],中国电力,1999,32(1):38~44
[6]关志成,绝缘子及输变电设备外绝缘[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2006:65~67
[7]吴光亚,蔡炜,范建林,有机复合绝缘子研究现状及方向[J],高电压技术,2000,26(3):52~56
[8]贾志东,关志成,将雄伟,RTV憎水性消失恢复机理的研究[J],高电压技术,1998,24(2):29~31
[9]李光亮,有机硅高分子化学[J],北京:能源电力公司,1995
[10] V. Rajini and K. Udayakumar. Degradation of Silicone Rubber under AC or DC Voltages in Radiation Environment [J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2009,16(3): 834~841
[11] S. Chandrasekar, C. Kalaicanan, A. Cavallini and G. Montanari. Investigations on Leakage Current and Phase Angle Characteristics of Porcelain and Polymeric Insulator under Contaminated Conditions [J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2009, 16(2): 574~583
[12] R. Barsch, H. Jahn and J. Lambrecht. Test Methods for Polymeric Insulating Materials for Outdoor HV Insulation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1999, 6(5): 668~675
[13] D. Shiibara, Y. Arata, K. Haji, T. Miyake, T. Sakoda and M. Otsubo. Influences of Electrification and Salt on Hydrophobicity of Sample Surface in Dynamic Drop Test [J]. IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials, 2009, 129 (9): 657~663
[14]李艳娇,变电站电晕放电现象浅析[J],动力与电气工程:2009 (5):159
[15] N. Yoshimura, S. Kumagai. Electrical and Environment Aging of Silicone Rubber Used in Outdoor Insulation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1999, 6(5): 632~650
[16]夏岩松,合成绝缘子憎水性检测方法研究:[工学硕士论文],天津;天津大学,2009
[17]关志成,绝缘子及输变电设备外绝缘[M],北京:清华大学出版,2006:255~256
[18]杨成,复杂环境下硅橡胶绝缘子老化与闪络研究,[工学硕士论文],天津;天津大学,2008
[19]李政敏,胡琰峰,输变电工程中的复合绝缘子综述[J],西北电力技术,2006,(2):34~36
[20] S.Kumagai and N.Yoshimura. Leakage Current Characterization for Estimating the Condition of Ceramic and Polymeric Insulating Surfaces [J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2004, 11(4): 681~690
[21] IEC/TS 62073-2003. Guidance on The Measurement to Wettability of Insulator Surfaces [S]. International Electro Technical Commission, 2003
[22]赵林杰,李成榕,复合绝缘子憎水性带电检测技术的发展与应用,南方电网技术研究[J],2007,3(2) :32~45
[23] STRI Guide 92-1. Hydrophobicity Classification Guide [S]. Swedish Transmission Research Institute, 1992
[24]梁英,李成榕,丁立健,电晕对HTV硅橡胶憎水性恢复的影响[J],高电压技术,2008,34(1):30~32,40
[25] R. Barsch, H. Jahn and J. Lambrecht. Test Methods for Polymeric Insulating Materials for Outdoor HV Insulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1999, 6(5): 668~675
[26] Linjie Zhao, Chengrong Li, Jun Xiong, Shuqi Zhang, Jisha Yao, Xiujuan Chen. Online Hydrophobicity Measurement for Silicone Rubber Insulators on Transmission Lines [J]. IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 2009, 24(2): 806~813
[27] D. Shiibara, K. Haji, T. Sakoda and M. Otsubo. Fundamental Research on Characteristics of Hydrophobicity Disappearance of Silicone Rubber Surface in Dynamic Drop Test[C]. International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials, 2008: 99~102
[28] K. Haji, D. Shiibara, Y. Arata, T. Sakoda, and M. Otsubo. Characteristics Evaluation of thePartial arc Eischarge and The Silicone Rubber Surface by Dynamic Drop Test[C]. Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation Dielectric Phenomena, 2008: 272~275
[29] Y. Kurimoto, Y. Tashiro, Y. Murakami, H. Homma, M. Nagao. Variation of Leakage Current Caused by Hydrophobicity Loss of Silicone Rubber in Dynamic Drop Test[C]. International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials, 2008: 111~114
[30] T. Tokoro, S. Yanagihara and M. Nagao. Diagnosis of Degradation Condition of Polymer Material Using Hydrophobic Surface Analysis[C]. Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation Dielectric Phenomena, 2006: 445~448
[31] T. Tokoro, A. Ohno and M. Nagao. Effect of temperature on the evaluation of hydrophobic condition of polymer surface[C]. Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation Dielectric Phenomena, 2007: 316~319
[32]董连科,分形理论及应用[M],沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1991
[33]李增华,于炳飞,分形理论在图像处理中的应用研究[J],软件导刊,2006,23:21~23
[34]郝敏,麻硕士,盒维数在图像处理中的应用[C],第二界中国农村信息化发展论坛论文集,2008:24~27
[35]邵俊,赵耀明,杨崇岭,硅橡胶绝缘子的性能及其在高电压中的应用[J],高压电器,2009,5:155~158
[36]杨本星,基于放电特征检测的复合绝缘子憎水性评估方法研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2010
[37]魏国忠,基于小波与分形理论的局部放电类型识别,[工学硕士论文],天津;天津大学,2006
[38] B. Pinnangudi, R. S. Gorur and A. J. Kroese. Quantification of Corona Discharges on Nonceramic Insulators [J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2005, 12(3): 513~523
[39] B.X.Du and Yong Liu. Pattern Analysis of Discharge Characteristics for Hydrophobicity Evaluation of Polymer Insulator, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2011, 18(1): 114~121
[40]崔雪梅,以复小波提取局部放电信号特征的原理及方法研究[工学博士论文],重庆:重庆大学,2004
[41]徐阳,胡晓,杨楚明,张征平,喇元,发电机局部放电甚高频在线监测现场试验分析[J],高压电器,2009,(2)45:48~52,56
[42] U. Form. Interpretation of Partial Discharges at DC Voltage [J], IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995, 2(5): 761~769
[43] P. Morshuis, M. Jeroense and J. Beyer. Partial Discharge Part XXIV: the Analysis of PD in HVDC Equipment [J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1997, 13(2): 6~16
[44] J. H. Li, W. R. Si, Xiu Tao and Y. M. Li. Partial Discharge Characteristics Over Differently Aged Oil/Pressboard Interfaces. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2009, 16(6): 1640~1647
[45] S. Birlasekaran and W. H. Leong. Comparison of Known PD Signals With The Developed and Commercial HFCT Sensors. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2007, 22(3): 1581~1590
[46] J. A. Hunter, L. Hao, P. L. Lewin, D. Evagorou, A. Kyprianou and G. E. Georghiou. Comparison ofTwo Partial Discharge Classification Method [C], IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation, 2010: 1~5
[47] P. H. F. Morshuis and J. J. Smit. PD at dc Voltage: Their Mechanism, Detection and Analysis [J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2005, 12(2): 328~340
[48]古亮,交联聚乙烯-硅橡胶界面电痕破坏现象研究,[工学硕士论文],天津;天津大学,2010
[49]金宁德,陈万鹏,混沌递归分析在油水两相流流型识别中的应用[J],化工学报,2006, (2):274~280
[50]苏晓生,MATLAB 6.0及其工程应用[M],北京:科学出版社,2002
[2]赵智大,高电压技术[M],北京:中国经济出版社,2006:233~234
[3]陈德铭,大量发展特高压输电技术[J],中国科技投资,2007(1):305
[4]赵兴勇,张秀彬,特高压输电技术在我国的实施及发展[J],能源技术,2007, (2)15~16
[5]崔江流,宿志一,易辉,我国硅橡胶复合绝缘子的应用与展望[J],中国电力,1999,32(1):38~44
[6]关志成,绝缘子及输变电设备外绝缘[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2006:65~67
[7]吴光亚,蔡炜,范建林,有机复合绝缘子研究现状及方向[J],高电压技术,2000,26(3):52~56
[8]贾志东,关志成,将雄伟,RTV憎水性消失恢复机理的研究[J],高电压技术,1998,24(2):29~31
[9]李光亮,有机硅高分子化学[J],北京:能源电力公司,1995
[10] V. Rajini and K. Udayakumar. Degradation of Silicone Rubber under AC or DC Voltages in Radiation Environment [J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2009,16(3): 834~841
[11] S. Chandrasekar, C. Kalaicanan, A. Cavallini and G. Montanari. Investigations on Leakage Current and Phase Angle Characteristics of Porcelain and Polymeric Insulator under Contaminated Conditions [J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2009, 16(2): 574~583
[12] R. Barsch, H. Jahn and J. Lambrecht. Test Methods for Polymeric Insulating Materials for Outdoor HV Insulation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1999, 6(5): 668~675
[13] D. Shiibara, Y. Arata, K. Haji, T. Miyake, T. Sakoda and M. Otsubo. Influences of Electrification and Salt on Hydrophobicity of Sample Surface in Dynamic Drop Test [J]. IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials, 2009, 129 (9): 657~663
[14]李艳娇,变电站电晕放电现象浅析[J],动力与电气工程:2009 (5):159
[15] N. Yoshimura, S. Kumagai. Electrical and Environment Aging of Silicone Rubber Used in Outdoor Insulation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1999, 6(5): 632~650
[16]夏岩松,合成绝缘子憎水性检测方法研究:[工学硕士论文],天津;天津大学,2009
[17]关志成,绝缘子及输变电设备外绝缘[M],北京:清华大学出版,2006:255~256
[18]杨成,复杂环境下硅橡胶绝缘子老化与闪络研究,[工学硕士论文],天津;天津大学,2008
[19]李政敏,胡琰峰,输变电工程中的复合绝缘子综述[J],西北电力技术,2006,(2):34~36
[20] S.Kumagai and N.Yoshimura. Leakage Current Characterization for Estimating the Condition of Ceramic and Polymeric Insulating Surfaces [J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2004, 11(4): 681~690
[21] IEC/TS 62073-2003. Guidance on The Measurement to Wettability of Insulator Surfaces [S]. International Electro Technical Commission, 2003
[22]赵林杰,李成榕,复合绝缘子憎水性带电检测技术的发展与应用,南方电网技术研究[J],2007,3(2) :32~45
[23] STRI Guide 92-1. Hydrophobicity Classification Guide [S]. Swedish Transmission Research Institute, 1992
[24]梁英,李成榕,丁立健,电晕对HTV硅橡胶憎水性恢复的影响[J],高电压技术,2008,34(1):30~32,40
[25] R. Barsch, H. Jahn and J. Lambrecht. Test Methods for Polymeric Insulating Materials for Outdoor HV Insulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1999, 6(5): 668~675
[26] Linjie Zhao, Chengrong Li, Jun Xiong, Shuqi Zhang, Jisha Yao, Xiujuan Chen. Online Hydrophobicity Measurement for Silicone Rubber Insulators on Transmission Lines [J]. IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 2009, 24(2): 806~813
[27] D. Shiibara, K. Haji, T. Sakoda and M. Otsubo. Fundamental Research on Characteristics of Hydrophobicity Disappearance of Silicone Rubber Surface in Dynamic Drop Test[C]. International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials, 2008: 99~102
[28] K. Haji, D. Shiibara, Y. Arata, T. Sakoda, and M. Otsubo. Characteristics Evaluation of thePartial arc Eischarge and The Silicone Rubber Surface by Dynamic Drop Test[C]. Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation Dielectric Phenomena, 2008: 272~275
[29] Y. Kurimoto, Y. Tashiro, Y. Murakami, H. Homma, M. Nagao. Variation of Leakage Current Caused by Hydrophobicity Loss of Silicone Rubber in Dynamic Drop Test[C]. International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials, 2008: 111~114
[30] T. Tokoro, S. Yanagihara and M. Nagao. Diagnosis of Degradation Condition of Polymer Material Using Hydrophobic Surface Analysis[C]. Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation Dielectric Phenomena, 2006: 445~448
[31] T. Tokoro, A. Ohno and M. Nagao. Effect of temperature on the evaluation of hydrophobic condition of polymer surface[C]. Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation Dielectric Phenomena, 2007: 316~319
[32]董连科,分形理论及应用[M],沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1991
[33]李增华,于炳飞,分形理论在图像处理中的应用研究[J],软件导刊,2006,23:21~23
[34]郝敏,麻硕士,盒维数在图像处理中的应用[C],第二界中国农村信息化发展论坛论文集,2008:24~27
[35]邵俊,赵耀明,杨崇岭,硅橡胶绝缘子的性能及其在高电压中的应用[J],高压电器,2009,5:155~158
[36]杨本星,基于放电特征检测的复合绝缘子憎水性评估方法研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2010
[37]魏国忠,基于小波与分形理论的局部放电类型识别,[工学硕士论文],天津;天津大学,2006
[38] B. Pinnangudi, R. S. Gorur and A. J. Kroese. Quantification of Corona Discharges on Nonceramic Insulators [J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2005, 12(3): 513~523
[39] B.X.Du and Yong Liu. Pattern Analysis of Discharge Characteristics for Hydrophobicity Evaluation of Polymer Insulator, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2011, 18(1): 114~121
[40]崔雪梅,以复小波提取局部放电信号特征的原理及方法研究[工学博士论文],重庆:重庆大学,2004
[41]徐阳,胡晓,杨楚明,张征平,喇元,发电机局部放电甚高频在线监测现场试验分析[J],高压电器,2009,(2)45:48~52,56
[42] U. Form. Interpretation of Partial Discharges at DC Voltage [J], IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995, 2(5): 761~769
[43] P. Morshuis, M. Jeroense and J. Beyer. Partial Discharge Part XXIV: the Analysis of PD in HVDC Equipment [J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1997, 13(2): 6~16
[44] J. H. Li, W. R. Si, Xiu Tao and Y. M. Li. Partial Discharge Characteristics Over Differently Aged Oil/Pressboard Interfaces. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2009, 16(6): 1640~1647
[45] S. Birlasekaran and W. H. Leong. Comparison of Known PD Signals With The Developed and Commercial HFCT Sensors. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2007, 22(3): 1581~1590
[46] J. A. Hunter, L. Hao, P. L. Lewin, D. Evagorou, A. Kyprianou and G. E. Georghiou. Comparison ofTwo Partial Discharge Classification Method [C], IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation, 2010: 1~5
[47] P. H. F. Morshuis and J. J. Smit. PD at dc Voltage: Their Mechanism, Detection and Analysis [J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2005, 12(2): 328~340
[48]古亮,交联聚乙烯-硅橡胶界面电痕破坏现象研究,[工学硕士论文],天津;天津大学,2010
[49]金宁德,陈万鹏,混沌递归分析在油水两相流流型识别中的应用[J],化工学报,2006, (2):274~280
[50]苏晓生,MATLAB 6.0及其工程应用[M],北京:科学出版社,2002