X公司企业转型项目风险研究
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摘要
企业实施转型项目既是企业突破成长极限的有效途径,也是企业克服衰退并重获新生的良方。但与之同时,企业实施转型项目同样存在巨大的风险。目前,我国项目管理和企业转型都还处于初级阶段,风险意识比较淡薄。这就使得企业转型项目的风险管理显得尤其重要。
在本文以X公司作为案例,将其在某一阶段的企业转型活动作为研究对象,通过对X公司生命周期的回顾,从项目的角度对本文研究对象进行了界定。结合项目管理和风险管理的相关知识,理论联系实际,将风险因素分析法和问卷调查法相结合,对X公司企业转型项目中最常见和最主要的风险进行识别和分类。在此基础上,进一步结合X公司的具体情况构建了企业转型项目风险指标体系,并采用专家主观评分法对各类风险进行一一评估。进而从实际出发对X公司企业转型项目中的重点风险的应对措施进行研究,同时基于笔者的认识和心得,提出了在企业转型项目中的几个关键,以保障X公司的企业转型项目能够顺利进行。
通过对X公司的企业转型项目的风险研究,笔者希望能够为国内高科技企业在发展和实施转型方面提供参考,注重和加强对转型项目中的风险研究,准确识别风险并加以正确评估,进而制定切实可行的应对措施,尽可能减少转型项目中风险带来的损失,确保企业转型的成功,避免陷入“其兴也勃其亡也忽”的宿命。
The enterprise transformation project is not only an effective way to break through the limits of growth, but also an effective prescription to overcome recession and obtain the new life. But at the same time, there is a huge risk of the project. At present, the project management and enterprise transformation are still at the preliminary stage, the risk awareness is very feeble. This makes the risk management of enterprise transformation project is particularly important.
This article takes X company as a case, the enterprise transformation activities at a certain stage as the object of study. Through a review of X company's life cycle, it hounds the definition of the object from the view of the project.Combining with the project management and risk management knowledge, applying theory to practice, this article combines the risk factor analysis with questionnaire investigation, analyzes and investigates the identification and assortment of the most common and the most important risk of X company. On this basis, the author further builds the risk index system in enterprise transformation project combined with X company's specific conditions, uses the method of expert subjective score to assess all kind risks one by one. Then, it researches the response measures to the most important risk in X company's transformation project based on reality. At the same time, based on the author's understanding and experience, it puts forward several key points in enterprise transformation project and guarantee X company's project proceed smoothly.
Through the research of the risk in X company's transformation project, this article hopes to provide some references to the domestic High-tech enterprise in the development and implementation of restructuring. It focuses and strengthens the risk of transformation projects. It accurately identifies and correctly evaluates the risk. And then formulates the practical and feasible dealing strategy, minimize the losses taken by the risk of transformation projects and ensure the success of enterprise transformation, to break the fate of "growth is fast, decline is fast too".
在本文以X公司作为案例,将其在某一阶段的企业转型活动作为研究对象,通过对X公司生命周期的回顾,从项目的角度对本文研究对象进行了界定。结合项目管理和风险管理的相关知识,理论联系实际,将风险因素分析法和问卷调查法相结合,对X公司企业转型项目中最常见和最主要的风险进行识别和分类。在此基础上,进一步结合X公司的具体情况构建了企业转型项目风险指标体系,并采用专家主观评分法对各类风险进行一一评估。进而从实际出发对X公司企业转型项目中的重点风险的应对措施进行研究,同时基于笔者的认识和心得,提出了在企业转型项目中的几个关键,以保障X公司的企业转型项目能够顺利进行。
通过对X公司的企业转型项目的风险研究,笔者希望能够为国内高科技企业在发展和实施转型方面提供参考,注重和加强对转型项目中的风险研究,准确识别风险并加以正确评估,进而制定切实可行的应对措施,尽可能减少转型项目中风险带来的损失,确保企业转型的成功,避免陷入“其兴也勃其亡也忽”的宿命。
The enterprise transformation project is not only an effective way to break through the limits of growth, but also an effective prescription to overcome recession and obtain the new life. But at the same time, there is a huge risk of the project. At present, the project management and enterprise transformation are still at the preliminary stage, the risk awareness is very feeble. This makes the risk management of enterprise transformation project is particularly important.
This article takes X company as a case, the enterprise transformation activities at a certain stage as the object of study. Through a review of X company's life cycle, it hounds the definition of the object from the view of the project.Combining with the project management and risk management knowledge, applying theory to practice, this article combines the risk factor analysis with questionnaire investigation, analyzes and investigates the identification and assortment of the most common and the most important risk of X company. On this basis, the author further builds the risk index system in enterprise transformation project combined with X company's specific conditions, uses the method of expert subjective score to assess all kind risks one by one. Then, it researches the response measures to the most important risk in X company's transformation project based on reality. At the same time, based on the author's understanding and experience, it puts forward several key points in enterprise transformation project and guarantee X company's project proceed smoothly.
Through the research of the risk in X company's transformation project, this article hopes to provide some references to the domestic High-tech enterprise in the development and implementation of restructuring. It focuses and strengthens the risk of transformation projects. It accurately identifies and correctly evaluates the risk. And then formulates the practical and feasible dealing strategy, minimize the losses taken by the risk of transformation projects and ensure the success of enterprise transformation, to break the fate of "growth is fast, decline is fast too".
引文
[1]杰克·吉多.成功的项目管理.张金成.第2版.机械工业出版社,2006：1-3
[2]保罗S·罗耶.项目风险管理.北京广联达慧中软件技术有限公司.机械工业出版社,2005
[3]美国项目管理学会.项目管理知识体系指南.王勇.第4版.电子工业出版社,2009：60,83,103,131,150,170,191,212,243
[4]宾图.项目管理.鲁耀斌.机械工业出版社.2007
[5]马旭晨.项目管理：成功案例精选.机械工业出版社.2010
[6]杜莹芬.企业风险管理.经济管理出版社.2008
[7]叶陈刚.企业风险评估与控制.机械工业出版社,2009：3-4,7-8,144-149
[8]吴岚.风险理论.中国财政经济出版社,2006
[9]詹丽.项目风险评价决策.西南交通大学出版社,2009：11-12
[10]卡尔·韦伯.战略风险管理.蒋旭峰.中信出版社,2007
[11]吕叔春.破解企业战略决策风险.中国纺织出版社,2005
[12]周春利.公司战略与风险管理.北京大学出版社,2009
[13]廖晓.战略转型.广东经济出版社,2007
[14]拉姆·查兰.转型.曹建海.中信出版社,2005
[15]莫博涅.蓝海战略.吉宓.第1版.商务印书馆,2005
[16]杜杰.风险管理智慧：企业风险管理实务.机械工业出版社.2008
[17]明茨伯格.公司战略计划.张艳.云南大学出版社,2002
[18]迈克尔·波特.竞争优势.陈小悦.华夏出版社,2005
[19]爱迪思.企业生命周期.赵睿.华夏出版社,2004
[20]郭波.项目风险管理.电子工业出版社,2008
[22]余治国.转型力：中国企业转型之道.中国时代经济出版社,2006
[23]许晖.中国企业国际化风险识别与控制研究.科学出版社,2010
[24]袁韶斌.企业生命周期与战略转型.科技咨询,2008年11期
[25]邱坛.虚拟企业风险预警机制的构建.中国流通经济.2008年第9期
[26]席连杰.公司法与企业的风险预警机制.市场论坛.2009年第6期
[27]郁明华.企业转型风险的缘起.现代管理科学.2003年第2期：39-40
[28]张庆.基于企业生命周期的风险管理策略.经济论坛.2009年第1期：94
[29]童星、张海波.中国转型期的社会风险及识别.南京大学出版社,2007
[30]廖仁斌.电信企业转型中的风险控制研究.财政研究.2006年第8期
[31]林涵武.企业如何成功地战略转型.中国机电工业.2008年12期
[32]张晞.变革者生存—论企业的战略转型.生产力研究.2005年第10期
[33]曾良才.战略转型与企业文化建设.航空工业经济研究.2007年第5期
[34]刘钦龙、谢辰.主观评分结果评价的误区与对策.湖北体育科技.2006年第5期
[35]元继学.专家主观评分比赛中群决策机制的研究.中国软科学.2009年第2期
[36]欧伟强.中国电信战略转型的风险识别与防范.广东通信技术.2006年第11期
[37]孟林、王冬梅.企业风险识别与应对措施.会计之友.2007年第19期
[38]曾良才.战略转型与企业文化建设.航空工业经济研究.2007年第5期
[39]殷学林.主观评分法在中海油JU2000_1项目风险评估中的应用.信息技术.2005年第12期：57-58
[40]朱相宇.企业转型的风险问题研究.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文.2006
[41]黄显佳.A公司的企业战略转型分析.西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2007
[42]宋玥.电信企业转型研究.南京邮电大学硕士学位论文.2003
[43]Gorrod,M.Risk management sysetems process,technology and trends.[M]. New York:The Assoi press.2004
[44]J.Davidson Frame.Managing Projects in Organizations. [M].San Francisa:Josseg-Bass,2003
[45]Lam,J.Enterprise Risk Management.[M]. Hoboken:Wiley,2003
[45]Blokdijk,G.Risk Management 100 Success Secrets.[M]. Sydney:Emereo Pty Ltd y,2007
[47]Meredith,JR.Project Management. [M]. Hoboken:Wiley,2008
[48]Kaliniecka,H&Shawe-Taylor,M. Promoting positive risk management:evaluation of a risk management panel. [J]. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing,2008. 15(8)
[49]HAN Liansheng&ZHANG Jincheng. A Research on the Competence of Enterprise Project Management. [J]. Science of science and management of S&T.2010.31(1)
[50]D Wu&DL Olson.Enterprise risk management:coping with model risk in a large bank. [J]. The Journal of the Operational Research Society.2010.61(2)
[51]Maurer,F.Creating Value Through Enterprise Risk. [J]. The journal of applied business research.2009.25(3)
[52]Bannerman, PL. Risk and risk management in software projects:A reassessment. [J]. The Journal of Systems and Software.2008.81(12)
[53]Massingham,P.Knowledge risk management:a framework. [J].Journal of knowledge management.2010.14(3)
[54]Desheng Dash Wu&David.Enterprise risk management:small business scorecard analysis. [J]. Production Planning & Control.2009.20(4)
[54]Williams,C.Enterprise Risk Management(ERM).[J]. Explosives Engineering.2009
[56]Quinn,B.Enterprise Risk Management:A case of Unmitigated Failure.[J]. Cutter IT Joural.2009.22(2)
[2]保罗S·罗耶.项目风险管理.北京广联达慧中软件技术有限公司.机械工业出版社,2005
[3]美国项目管理学会.项目管理知识体系指南.王勇.第4版.电子工业出版社,2009：60,83,103,131,150,170,191,212,243
[4]宾图.项目管理.鲁耀斌.机械工业出版社.2007
[5]马旭晨.项目管理：成功案例精选.机械工业出版社.2010
[6]杜莹芬.企业风险管理.经济管理出版社.2008
[7]叶陈刚.企业风险评估与控制.机械工业出版社,2009：3-4,7-8,144-149
[8]吴岚.风险理论.中国财政经济出版社,2006
[9]詹丽.项目风险评价决策.西南交通大学出版社,2009：11-12
[10]卡尔·韦伯.战略风险管理.蒋旭峰.中信出版社,2007
[11]吕叔春.破解企业战略决策风险.中国纺织出版社,2005
[12]周春利.公司战略与风险管理.北京大学出版社,2009
[13]廖晓.战略转型.广东经济出版社,2007
[14]拉姆·查兰.转型.曹建海.中信出版社,2005
[15]莫博涅.蓝海战略.吉宓.第1版.商务印书馆,2005
[16]杜杰.风险管理智慧：企业风险管理实务.机械工业出版社.2008
[17]明茨伯格.公司战略计划.张艳.云南大学出版社,2002
[18]迈克尔·波特.竞争优势.陈小悦.华夏出版社,2005
[19]爱迪思.企业生命周期.赵睿.华夏出版社,2004
[20]郭波.项目风险管理.电子工业出版社,2008
[22]余治国.转型力：中国企业转型之道.中国时代经济出版社,2006
[23]许晖.中国企业国际化风险识别与控制研究.科学出版社,2010
[24]袁韶斌.企业生命周期与战略转型.科技咨询,2008年11期
[25]邱坛.虚拟企业风险预警机制的构建.中国流通经济.2008年第9期
[26]席连杰.公司法与企业的风险预警机制.市场论坛.2009年第6期
[27]郁明华.企业转型风险的缘起.现代管理科学.2003年第2期：39-40
[28]张庆.基于企业生命周期的风险管理策略.经济论坛.2009年第1期：94
[29]童星、张海波.中国转型期的社会风险及识别.南京大学出版社,2007
[30]廖仁斌.电信企业转型中的风险控制研究.财政研究.2006年第8期
[31]林涵武.企业如何成功地战略转型.中国机电工业.2008年12期
[32]张晞.变革者生存—论企业的战略转型.生产力研究.2005年第10期
[33]曾良才.战略转型与企业文化建设.航空工业经济研究.2007年第5期
[34]刘钦龙、谢辰.主观评分结果评价的误区与对策.湖北体育科技.2006年第5期
[35]元继学.专家主观评分比赛中群决策机制的研究.中国软科学.2009年第2期
[36]欧伟强.中国电信战略转型的风险识别与防范.广东通信技术.2006年第11期
[37]孟林、王冬梅.企业风险识别与应对措施.会计之友.2007年第19期
[38]曾良才.战略转型与企业文化建设.航空工业经济研究.2007年第5期
[39]殷学林.主观评分法在中海油JU2000_1项目风险评估中的应用.信息技术.2005年第12期：57-58
[40]朱相宇.企业转型的风险问题研究.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文.2006
[41]黄显佳.A公司的企业战略转型分析.西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2007
[42]宋玥.电信企业转型研究.南京邮电大学硕士学位论文.2003
[43]Gorrod,M.Risk management sysetems process,technology and trends.[M]. New York:The Assoi press.2004
[44]J.Davidson Frame.Managing Projects in Organizations. [M].San Francisa:Josseg-Bass,2003
[45]Lam,J.Enterprise Risk Management.[M]. Hoboken:Wiley,2003
[45]Blokdijk,G.Risk Management 100 Success Secrets.[M]. Sydney:Emereo Pty Ltd y,2007
[47]Meredith,JR.Project Management. [M]. Hoboken:Wiley,2008
[48]Kaliniecka,H&Shawe-Taylor,M. Promoting positive risk management:evaluation of a risk management panel. [J]. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing,2008. 15(8)
[49]HAN Liansheng&ZHANG Jincheng. A Research on the Competence of Enterprise Project Management. [J]. Science of science and management of S&T.2010.31(1)
[50]D Wu&DL Olson.Enterprise risk management:coping with model risk in a large bank. [J]. The Journal of the Operational Research Society.2010.61(2)
[51]Maurer,F.Creating Value Through Enterprise Risk. [J]. The journal of applied business research.2009.25(3)
[52]Bannerman, PL. Risk and risk management in software projects:A reassessment. [J]. The Journal of Systems and Software.2008.81(12)
[53]Massingham,P.Knowledge risk management:a framework. [J].Journal of knowledge management.2010.14(3)
[54]Desheng Dash Wu&David.Enterprise risk management:small business scorecard analysis. [J]. Production Planning & Control.2009.20(4)
[54]Williams,C.Enterprise Risk Management(ERM).[J]. Explosives Engineering.2009
[56]Quinn,B.Enterprise Risk Management:A case of Unmitigated Failure.[J]. Cutter IT Joural.2009.22(2)