多分量地震处理解释关键方法应用研究
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摘要
多分量地震方法是近年来发展较快的一项新技术,利用多分量资料信息丰富的优势及纵横波资料的不同特点,对地下的地质情况及储层进行研究具有特殊的意义。由于受转换波非对称性射线路径和地层各向异性的影响,常规纵波处理及解释技术无法直接应用到多分量地震资料中,许多技术难题仍制约着多分量地震技术的发展。以多分量地震方法作为论文选题,具有较强的理论意义和实用价值。
在理论研究基础上,开发复杂地质模型的多分量波动方程波场数值模拟研究,形成了基于有限差分方法正演模拟方法,并完成了各向同(异)性介质正演模拟方法。通过对薄互层地质模型进行正演模拟证明,这些方法的应用可以保证正演模拟的准确性。
多分量资料处理的主要困难是转换波非对称性射线路径和地层各向异性等因素造成的。本文给出了计算转换点位置和时距关系的方法,在此基础上提出高精度的速度分析、叠加成像和叠前时间偏移等处理技术。极化滤波法针对多分量地震资料品质和噪音类型的不同,利用各种波质点偏振方向不同的特点来压制噪音;共转换点道集抽取方法分时窗进行共转换点定位;转换波动校正和叠加方法则在抽取共转换点道集的基础上,利用纵波速度、横波速度和纵横波垂直速度比等参数,进行转换波地震资料的精确动校正和叠加;转换波静校正方法利用纵波资料的炮点静校正量求取转换波炮点静校正,在此基础上利用纵波检波点静校正量求取转换波检波点的静校正量;转换波叠前时间偏移方法是在叠加速度模型的基础上得到初始偏移速度模型,并根据共成像点道集优化偏移速度模型,进行叠前时间偏移处理,获得最终叠前偏移结果,避开了转换点难以准确求取的问题。
多分量地震方法的关键在于综合解释应用,本文在正演模拟和实际资料处理的基础上,通过层位识别与标定、各向异性分析、AVO分析、属性提取及储层预测等方法技术,为多分量资料综合解释提供了有效方法。层位识别与标定方法综合考虑时间域和深度域多分量资料的特征,增加了解释应用的可信度;AVO分析方法联合纵波和转换横波特性有助于更准确地确定地下储层和流体特性,减小多解性,提高可靠性;快慢横波时差分析和各向异性研究方法是分析油气藏方位各向异性和时差特性,有助于了解油气藏的内部结构和分辨水淹区和剩余油区;属性提取及储层预测方法利用多分量地震资料提取多种地震属性参数,对储层预测和油气显示等方面开展研究分析。
The method of multi-component seismic is a new technique in recent years,make use of the abundant data and the different characteristics of p and sv, to research and investigate the subsurface structure and reservoir.Beacuse of the effect of converted wave dissymmetrical ray path and anisotropy,the rule processing and interpretation methods do not use multi-component seismic processing,what is more,there is many technologic difficulty.This method belong to the applied foundation research and have practical value.
The anisotropic multi-component seismic data forward modeling research aims at complicated geologic model, developing finite difference forward modeling method,and researching the anisotropy forward modeling.The forward modeling of ken71 thin alternate layer model prove this method is right.
The difficulties of multi-component seismic data processing are converted wave dissymmetrical ray path and anisotropy.This text gives the method calculating converted point and time-distance relation,and put forward the high accuracy velocity analysis、stack and prestack time migration etc. processing technique.The polarization filtering can aim at dissimilar noise type ,making use of the different polarization direction to inhibit noise;The common converted point sorting gather method calculate converted point by time window;The converted wave NMO and stack use the parameters:p velocity、sv velocity and p/sv vertical velocity ratio etc.; The converted wave static correction carry on by two steps,first make use of the p-wave shot point static correction quantity to calculate static correction quantity of converted wave shot point,then make use of the p-wave receiver static correction quantity to calculate static correction quantity of converted wave receiver;The converted wave prestack time migration is base on stack velocity model ,and optimize the migration velocity model using common image point gather , and resolve the problem calculating converted point.
The multi-component seismic mostly use comprehensive interpretation application,the text resolve multi-component seismic data comprehensive interpretation application problem by horizon identification and calibration、anisotropy analysis、AVO、attribute abstraction and reservoir predication etc.technique. The horizon identification and calibration use the time and depth domain data,and increase the applied credibility of comprehensive interpretation;The AVO method use p-wwave and p-sv wave characteristic to contribute to more accurately interpret the reservoir and the fluid characteristic, raising credibility;The fast-slow shear wave time-difference analysis and anisotropy analysis contribute to knowledge reservoir internal structure and distinguish flooded area and oil remaining area.
在理论研究基础上,开发复杂地质模型的多分量波动方程波场数值模拟研究,形成了基于有限差分方法正演模拟方法,并完成了各向同(异)性介质正演模拟方法。通过对薄互层地质模型进行正演模拟证明,这些方法的应用可以保证正演模拟的准确性。
多分量资料处理的主要困难是转换波非对称性射线路径和地层各向异性等因素造成的。本文给出了计算转换点位置和时距关系的方法,在此基础上提出高精度的速度分析、叠加成像和叠前时间偏移等处理技术。极化滤波法针对多分量地震资料品质和噪音类型的不同,利用各种波质点偏振方向不同的特点来压制噪音;共转换点道集抽取方法分时窗进行共转换点定位;转换波动校正和叠加方法则在抽取共转换点道集的基础上,利用纵波速度、横波速度和纵横波垂直速度比等参数,进行转换波地震资料的精确动校正和叠加;转换波静校正方法利用纵波资料的炮点静校正量求取转换波炮点静校正,在此基础上利用纵波检波点静校正量求取转换波检波点的静校正量;转换波叠前时间偏移方法是在叠加速度模型的基础上得到初始偏移速度模型,并根据共成像点道集优化偏移速度模型,进行叠前时间偏移处理,获得最终叠前偏移结果,避开了转换点难以准确求取的问题。
多分量地震方法的关键在于综合解释应用,本文在正演模拟和实际资料处理的基础上,通过层位识别与标定、各向异性分析、AVO分析、属性提取及储层预测等方法技术,为多分量资料综合解释提供了有效方法。层位识别与标定方法综合考虑时间域和深度域多分量资料的特征,增加了解释应用的可信度;AVO分析方法联合纵波和转换横波特性有助于更准确地确定地下储层和流体特性,减小多解性,提高可靠性;快慢横波时差分析和各向异性研究方法是分析油气藏方位各向异性和时差特性,有助于了解油气藏的内部结构和分辨水淹区和剩余油区;属性提取及储层预测方法利用多分量地震资料提取多种地震属性参数,对储层预测和油气显示等方面开展研究分析。
The method of multi-component seismic is a new technique in recent years,make use of the abundant data and the different characteristics of p and sv, to research and investigate the subsurface structure and reservoir.Beacuse of the effect of converted wave dissymmetrical ray path and anisotropy,the rule processing and interpretation methods do not use multi-component seismic processing,what is more,there is many technologic difficulty.This method belong to the applied foundation research and have practical value.
The anisotropic multi-component seismic data forward modeling research aims at complicated geologic model, developing finite difference forward modeling method,and researching the anisotropy forward modeling.The forward modeling of ken71 thin alternate layer model prove this method is right.
The difficulties of multi-component seismic data processing are converted wave dissymmetrical ray path and anisotropy.This text gives the method calculating converted point and time-distance relation,and put forward the high accuracy velocity analysis、stack and prestack time migration etc. processing technique.The polarization filtering can aim at dissimilar noise type ,making use of the different polarization direction to inhibit noise;The common converted point sorting gather method calculate converted point by time window;The converted wave NMO and stack use the parameters:p velocity、sv velocity and p/sv vertical velocity ratio etc.; The converted wave static correction carry on by two steps,first make use of the p-wave shot point static correction quantity to calculate static correction quantity of converted wave shot point,then make use of the p-wave receiver static correction quantity to calculate static correction quantity of converted wave receiver;The converted wave prestack time migration is base on stack velocity model ,and optimize the migration velocity model using common image point gather , and resolve the problem calculating converted point.
The multi-component seismic mostly use comprehensive interpretation application,the text resolve multi-component seismic data comprehensive interpretation application problem by horizon identification and calibration、anisotropy analysis、AVO、attribute abstraction and reservoir predication etc.technique. The horizon identification and calibration use the time and depth domain data,and increase the applied credibility of comprehensive interpretation;The AVO method use p-wwave and p-sv wave characteristic to contribute to more accurately interpret the reservoir and the fluid characteristic, raising credibility;The fast-slow shear wave time-difference analysis and anisotropy analysis contribute to knowledge reservoir internal structure and distinguish flooded area and oil remaining area.
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