电极生物膜反硝化处理高浓度苯酚废水的研究
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摘要
针对当前硝酸盐及酚类物质的污染，结合酚类物质和硝酸盐经常同时出现在工业废水中，在现有微生物处理工艺和方法的基础上，应用电极生物膜反应器(Bio-Electro Reactor：BER)理论，开发研究新型、高效、低运行成本的BER。
本实验采用厌氧序批式反应器(Sequencing Batch Reactor：SBR)对厌氧污泥进行了146天的驯化，逐步强化其对苯酚(Phenol)及硝酸盐的同时去除能力，筛选出优势微生物；从碳氮比(C／N)、Phenol和硝酸盐氮(NO_3~--N)浓度、NO_2~--N浓度、温度四个影响其去除能力的影响因子进行研究，得出：反硝化同时降解Phenol的SBR反应器是切实可行的，处理效果优异。
在BER的挂膜实验中进行了微电流反应器、微生物反应器、微电流生物反应器三个相同运行条件下的实验进行比较考察。得出：水温20℃、pH7.0左右时0-55mA的直流电并不会对Phenol及硝酸盐产生降解；微生物反应器与微电流生物反应器各有优点：微电流生物反应器的处理效率较高，微生物反应器的生物膜生长速度要明显快于微电流反应器，但微生物反应器生物膜使用时间短，短时间内出现脱落现象，微电流反应器生物膜附着十分紧密，虽然形成时间长但一旦形成便可长期稳定使用。
通过对比试验考察BER的运行效果表明，其在处理效率上具有很大的优势，但是本实验建立BER的C／N较高，与传统理论的低C／N理论大相径庭，具体原因尚未解释清楚。
Phenol and nitrate are two major pollutants simultaneously occurring in severalindustrial wastewaters. By combining microbial treatment and electrode biofilmreactor, we developed a novel bio-electro reactor (BER) with high efficiency and lowrunning cost for the simultaneous removal of phenol and nitrate.
In the experiment, anaerobic sludge has been developed in a sequencing batchreactor (SBR) for 146 days by increasing concentrations of influent Phenol and nitratein step, and dominant culture is abtained; Four factor affected degradation processcontain C/N, concentrations of influent Phenol and nitrate, concentrations of NO_2~--Nand temperature is studied, and it has been revealed that simultaneous denitrificationand Phenol degradation is feasible and has champion result in a sequencing batchreactor (SBR).
Three identical operating conditions include micro electric reactor, microbioreactor and micro electric-bioreactor in the study of microbe breed on theelectrode. It has been revealed that T=20℃, pH=7.0, current strength at the range0-55mA can't depredated the Phenol; micro electric reactor and microelectric-bioreactor have their own merit, the degradation efficiency of microelectric-bioreactor higher than micro electric reactor, the microbe breed on theelectrode in the bioreactor are more speed than in the micro electric reactor, but thebiofilm in the micro bioreactor can't used for long time, several weeks abscessed fromthe electrode, the film in the micro electric-bioreactor are very tightness, breed timevery long but once formed may used for long time.
The operation of BER showed that BER had great advantage at degradationefficiency. However, the removal C/N in our experiment is higher, which is oppositeto the conventional theory. The elucidation of the mechanism needs further works.
本实验采用厌氧序批式反应器(Sequencing Batch Reactor：SBR)对厌氧污泥进行了146天的驯化，逐步强化其对苯酚(Phenol)及硝酸盐的同时去除能力，筛选出优势微生物；从碳氮比(C／N)、Phenol和硝酸盐氮(NO_3~--N)浓度、NO_2~--N浓度、温度四个影响其去除能力的影响因子进行研究，得出：反硝化同时降解Phenol的SBR反应器是切实可行的，处理效果优异。
在BER的挂膜实验中进行了微电流反应器、微生物反应器、微电流生物反应器三个相同运行条件下的实验进行比较考察。得出：水温20℃、pH7.0左右时0-55mA的直流电并不会对Phenol及硝酸盐产生降解；微生物反应器与微电流生物反应器各有优点：微电流生物反应器的处理效率较高，微生物反应器的生物膜生长速度要明显快于微电流反应器，但微生物反应器生物膜使用时间短，短时间内出现脱落现象，微电流反应器生物膜附着十分紧密，虽然形成时间长但一旦形成便可长期稳定使用。
通过对比试验考察BER的运行效果表明，其在处理效率上具有很大的优势，但是本实验建立BER的C／N较高，与传统理论的低C／N理论大相径庭，具体原因尚未解释清楚。
Phenol and nitrate are two major pollutants simultaneously occurring in severalindustrial wastewaters. By combining microbial treatment and electrode biofilmreactor, we developed a novel bio-electro reactor (BER) with high efficiency and lowrunning cost for the simultaneous removal of phenol and nitrate.
In the experiment, anaerobic sludge has been developed in a sequencing batchreactor (SBR) for 146 days by increasing concentrations of influent Phenol and nitratein step, and dominant culture is abtained; Four factor affected degradation processcontain C/N, concentrations of influent Phenol and nitrate, concentrations of NO_2~--Nand temperature is studied, and it has been revealed that simultaneous denitrificationand Phenol degradation is feasible and has champion result in a sequencing batchreactor (SBR).
Three identical operating conditions include micro electric reactor, microbioreactor and micro electric-bioreactor in the study of microbe breed on theelectrode. It has been revealed that T=20℃, pH=7.0, current strength at the range0-55mA can't depredated the Phenol; micro electric reactor and microelectric-bioreactor have their own merit, the degradation efficiency of microelectric-bioreactor higher than micro electric reactor, the microbe breed on theelectrode in the bioreactor are more speed than in the micro electric reactor, but thebiofilm in the micro bioreactor can't used for long time, several weeks abscessed fromthe electrode, the film in the micro electric-bioreactor are very tightness, breed timevery long but once formed may used for long time.
The operation of BER showed that BER had great advantage at degradationefficiency. However, the removal C/N in our experiment is higher, which is oppositeto the conventional theory. The elucidation of the mechanism needs further works.
引文
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