数控系统的可靠性设计理论和方法研究
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摘要
数控系统最终的可靠性从根本上来说是由设计决定的,数控系统的可靠性设计是数控技术可靠性研究的一个主要方面,本文针对数控系统的可靠性设计进行深入的理论和方法研究,论文主要研究内容包括:
设计了基于生存期的嵌入式数控软件系统可靠性工程过程,将整个数控系统可靠性设计工程分为3个阶段:早期阶段、中期阶段和后期阶段的可靠性工程,并对各个阶段可靠性工程的实施内容进行了详细分析和论述。
对处于可靠性工程早期阶段数控系统的结构可靠性进行了分析和建模,给出了基于RTOS平台的数控系统层次化模块结构图,在对数控系统功能分析的基础上,对传统的Littlewood模型进行了改进,得到改进的Littlewood模型,即Improve-Littlewood模型,并将此模型应用到实际数控系统结构可靠性设计中。
提出数控系统各个功能模块可靠性设计的重要度不同的观点,分析了影响模块重要度的因素:模块规模、模块复杂性、硬件对模块设计的影响和模块结构可靠性的失效因子,并且对这些影响因素的度量方法进行了分析研究。在模块可靠性重要度评判中引入模糊数学的方法,综合考虑各种影响因素,对各个模块的重要度进行模糊综合评判,并对得到的评判结果进行排序。
在分析现有最小偏差插补算法的基础上,对其进行了有效的改进,将不同卦限众多的算法公式精简为少数几个统一的公式,有利于简化插补程序的结构,减少插补程序的代码量,从而提高插补模块设计的可靠性。同时,论文也对插补运行时间特性进行了分析,指出当插补周期接近插补程序的运行时间时,系统可能出现实时性上的不可靠。
分析了在数控系统详细设计和编码阶段可以使用的一些可靠性设计方法,并以实例的方式说明了如何在系统的设计中应用这些方法。
论述了如何在测试阶段提高数控系统的可靠性,从功能可靠性和实时可靠性两个方面来对数控系统进行测试。功能可靠性测试主要是设计适当数量的测试用例,尽可能覆盖整个数控系统的功能,而实时可靠性测试提出插补模块和位置控制模块是系统实时可靠性测试的重点,并研究了对这两个模块进行实时可靠性测试的方法。
The ultima reliability of NC system is decided fundamentally by its design and the reliability design of NC system is one of main aspects of research on NC technology reliability. Reliability design theory and methods of NC system are discussed deeply in this dissertation and its main contents are listed as follows.
According to the Waterfall Model of software system development, the reliability engineering process of embedded NC software system on the base of SDLC is studied and it is divided into 3 phases: early phase, middle period phase and later period phase reliability engineering, the contents of which are discussed in detail.
The structure reliability of NC system in the early phase of reliability engineering is studied and modeled and the hierarchy-module structure of NC system based on RTOS is put forward. The Improve-Littlewood model is brought forward from the traditional Littlewood model through analyzing the NC system functions and the new model is applied in the structure reliability analysis of real NC system.
That the reliability design importance of different function modules of NC system are different is proposed and the factors that influence the importance of module reliability design are discussed, including module size, module complexity, hardware’s influence on module design and failure index of the structure reliability, and the methods how these factors are computed are studied. Fuzzy mathematics is maken used of in judging the importance of module reliability design. Under the conditions of considering all the factors, fuzzy synthetical judgments of module importance are done and the judgment results are collated.
The Minimum Deviation Interpolation Method is improved effectively through studying its characteristics. Lots of arithmetic formulae in the different quadrants are transformed into few uniform ones, which can improve the interpolator module design reliability because it simplify the configuration and code size of interpolator program. And the running-time characteristic of interpolator program is also studied in the paper. It is proposed that NC system can become unreliable in real time when interpolation period approaches the interpolation-program running time.
Some reliability design methods used in the particular design and programming phases of NC system design are discussed and the examples are given how to apply them in the real system design.
How to enhance the NC system reliability in the testing phase is studied and the NC system testing is divided into 2 parts: function reliability testing and real-time reliability testing. The research on the function reliability testing is mainly how to design some testing examples that can cover with testing all the functions of NC system. In the research on real-time reliability testing, it is put forward that interpolation module and position control module are the testing emphases and the methods how to test the real-time reliability of them are discussed.
设计了基于生存期的嵌入式数控软件系统可靠性工程过程,将整个数控系统可靠性设计工程分为3个阶段:早期阶段、中期阶段和后期阶段的可靠性工程,并对各个阶段可靠性工程的实施内容进行了详细分析和论述。
对处于可靠性工程早期阶段数控系统的结构可靠性进行了分析和建模,给出了基于RTOS平台的数控系统层次化模块结构图,在对数控系统功能分析的基础上,对传统的Littlewood模型进行了改进,得到改进的Littlewood模型,即Improve-Littlewood模型,并将此模型应用到实际数控系统结构可靠性设计中。
提出数控系统各个功能模块可靠性设计的重要度不同的观点,分析了影响模块重要度的因素:模块规模、模块复杂性、硬件对模块设计的影响和模块结构可靠性的失效因子,并且对这些影响因素的度量方法进行了分析研究。在模块可靠性重要度评判中引入模糊数学的方法,综合考虑各种影响因素,对各个模块的重要度进行模糊综合评判,并对得到的评判结果进行排序。
在分析现有最小偏差插补算法的基础上,对其进行了有效的改进,将不同卦限众多的算法公式精简为少数几个统一的公式,有利于简化插补程序的结构,减少插补程序的代码量,从而提高插补模块设计的可靠性。同时,论文也对插补运行时间特性进行了分析,指出当插补周期接近插补程序的运行时间时,系统可能出现实时性上的不可靠。
分析了在数控系统详细设计和编码阶段可以使用的一些可靠性设计方法,并以实例的方式说明了如何在系统的设计中应用这些方法。
论述了如何在测试阶段提高数控系统的可靠性,从功能可靠性和实时可靠性两个方面来对数控系统进行测试。功能可靠性测试主要是设计适当数量的测试用例,尽可能覆盖整个数控系统的功能,而实时可靠性测试提出插补模块和位置控制模块是系统实时可靠性测试的重点,并研究了对这两个模块进行实时可靠性测试的方法。
The ultima reliability of NC system is decided fundamentally by its design and the reliability design of NC system is one of main aspects of research on NC technology reliability. Reliability design theory and methods of NC system are discussed deeply in this dissertation and its main contents are listed as follows.
According to the Waterfall Model of software system development, the reliability engineering process of embedded NC software system on the base of SDLC is studied and it is divided into 3 phases: early phase, middle period phase and later period phase reliability engineering, the contents of which are discussed in detail.
The structure reliability of NC system in the early phase of reliability engineering is studied and modeled and the hierarchy-module structure of NC system based on RTOS is put forward. The Improve-Littlewood model is brought forward from the traditional Littlewood model through analyzing the NC system functions and the new model is applied in the structure reliability analysis of real NC system.
That the reliability design importance of different function modules of NC system are different is proposed and the factors that influence the importance of module reliability design are discussed, including module size, module complexity, hardware’s influence on module design and failure index of the structure reliability, and the methods how these factors are computed are studied. Fuzzy mathematics is maken used of in judging the importance of module reliability design. Under the conditions of considering all the factors, fuzzy synthetical judgments of module importance are done and the judgment results are collated.
The Minimum Deviation Interpolation Method is improved effectively through studying its characteristics. Lots of arithmetic formulae in the different quadrants are transformed into few uniform ones, which can improve the interpolator module design reliability because it simplify the configuration and code size of interpolator program. And the running-time characteristic of interpolator program is also studied in the paper. It is proposed that NC system can become unreliable in real time when interpolation period approaches the interpolation-program running time.
Some reliability design methods used in the particular design and programming phases of NC system design are discussed and the examples are given how to apply them in the real system design.
How to enhance the NC system reliability in the testing phase is studied and the NC system testing is divided into 2 parts: function reliability testing and real-time reliability testing. The research on the function reliability testing is mainly how to design some testing examples that can cover with testing all the functions of NC system. In the research on real-time reliability testing, it is put forward that interpolation module and position control module are the testing emphases and the methods how to test the real-time reliability of them are discussed.
引文
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