东湖水拟雌激素活性的测定及邻苯二甲酸酯类（PAEs）的分布研究
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摘要
环境内分泌干扰物是环境中存在的一类化学物质,它可以干扰人类和野生动物的内分泌系统,导致生殖、发育和行为异常。邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(PAEs)是世界卫生组织(WHO)于1995年公布的必须加强控制的一类扰乱内分泌的化学物质,并且已经造成了全球性的环境污染。本论文以武汉东湖水为研究对象,选定邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)这三种被我国和美国均列为优先控制污染物的PAEs为参照,利用对雌激素敏感的MCF-7细胞评价了东湖水提取物及3种PAEs的拟雌激素活性,并采用固相萃取结合HPLC-UV检测方法对东湖水进行分析,以了解此3种PAEs在东湖水中的存在水平和分布情况。具体内容如下:
(1)采用对雌激素敏感的人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7细胞,在无酚红的DMEM培养基中(含有10%葡聚糖活性炭处理过的小牛血清)采用开放式单层贴壁培养。细胞接种于96孔板,加入受试物继续培养2d。实验设含0.1% DMSO的培养基为阴性对照组、17β-雌二醇(E2)(10-7-10-12 mol/L)为雌激素阳性对照组、DMP、DBP、DOP各剂量(10-3-10-8 mol/L)组和东湖水提取物(5-5120ml)组,每个剂量设五个平行孔,用MCF-7细胞增值实验初步评价了东湖水提取物以及DMP、DBP、DOP的拟雌激素活性。结果表明:加受试物培养48h后,与阴性对照组相比,10-7、10-8、10-9、10-10、10-11 mol/L浓度的E2,10-3、10-4、10-5mol/L浓度的DBP,80和320ml含量的东湖水样提取物均可促进MCF-7细胞增殖(P<0.05或P<0.01),且E2、DBP和东湖水样提取物分别在10-9 mol/L、10-4 mol/L和320ml浓度时能引起MCF-7细胞的最大增值效应,增值指数分别为1.32、1.17和1.09。两者的相对增值效应分别为E2的88.64%和82.58%,DBP的相对增值能力为E2的十万分之一;受试物中,DMP和DOP并未表现出明显的MCF-7细胞增殖效应。即DBP和东湖水样提取物对MCF-7细胞增殖效应与天然雌激素E2相似,一定剂量范围内,表现出剂量-效应关系,两者均具有拟雌激素活性。
(2)在东湖的不同湖区(水果湖、郭郑湖、汤林湖)设6个采样点,并分别在东湖、长江、汉江采集综合水样各一份,富集、浓缩、定容后,用HPLC对各水样进行检测,色谱条件为:流动相为95%的甲醇+5%的超纯水,流速为1.0 mL/min,紫外检测器,波长为228nm,柱温为室温,进样体积为20μL。结果显示3种PAEs在东湖各主体湖区中均有不同程度的检出,浓度范围在2.58×10-4～12.47×10-4mg/L之间,其中DBP的检出率为100%,并且在各湖区中DBP的浓度明显比其它2种PAEs高,是主要的污染物。对于不同的湖区之间,3种PAEs的含量水平表现为水果湖最高,郭郑湖次之,汤林湖最低。而对于同一个湖区而言,郭郑湖和汤林湖均表现出南部>北部的趋势。长江、汉江水中3种PAEs与东湖相比,东湖水中三者的检出值最高;由于长江水流量大,流速快,自净能力强,受3种PAEs的污染程度远远比东湖轻;而汉江中3种PAEs的污染则居于两者之间。表明东湖水已经不同程度的受到了PAEs的污染。
The environmental endocrine disruptors, a group of chemical substances which exist in the environment, are able to disturb the endocrine system of human and wild animals, and then result in disorders to their reproduction, growth and behavior. In 1995, the phthalic acid esters have been classified as an important category of endocrine disruptors by WHO, and they have already caused the environmental pollution globally. Here, we took the water of Donghu lake as the object of our study, chose DMP, DBP, DOP--as priority pollutants classified by both China and US, and used MCF-7 cell line which is sensitive to estrogen, to appraise the estrogen-like activity of DMP, DBP and DOP, as well as that of the water extraction of Donghu Lake. In order to know the existence level and the distributed situation of three kinds of PAEs in Donghu lake, we used solid phase extraction unify the HPLC-UV method to analysis water extraction of Donghu lake. The results are as follows:
(1) Estrogen-sensitive human breast cancer cells MCF-7 are maintained in flask with phenolsulfonphthalein-free, high-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% bovine calf serum--addressed with charcoal, and incubated in a humidified incubator. Cells are transferred into 96-well plates, then aspirate the medium, add an equal volume of fresh DMEM without calf serum containing test compounds and continue incubation for 2 days. E2 serially diluted from 10-8 M down to 10-12M, and 0.1% DMSO was used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Test compounds including DMP, DBP, DOP (diluted from 10-3M down to 10-8M, respectively) and Water extraction of Donghu Lake (extracted from 5~5,120ml, respectively). Five parallel wells are set for each concentration of the tested compounds. Estrogenic activity according to each test compound is preliminary evaluated by proliferation experiment results. The work demonstrated that after exposure to test compounds for 48h, comparing to negative controls, 10-7 M ~ 10-11M E2, 10-3 M ~10-5M DBP and Water extractions of Donghu Lake (80ml and 320ml respectively) can promote MCF-7 cell proliferation significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The maximum effect of E2, DBP and water extraction respectively occur at concentration of 10-9 M, 10-4 M and 300ml water, with proliferation index values of 1.32, 1.17 and 1.19, accordingly. Response and potency of DBP relative to E2 is 88.64% and 1/10,000 respectively. Response of water extraction (300ml water) relative to E2 is 82.58%. No significant proliferation promoting effect was observed for DMP and DOP. Similar to nature estrogen E2, DBP and Donghu Lake water extraction can promote proliferation of MCF-7 cell line in a dose-effect manner when tested in a certain range of concentration, which indicates their estrogenic activity.
(2) Six water samples were obtained from three different districts (Shuiguo Lake, Guozheng Lake, Tangling Lake) of Donghu Lake, and three other composite water samples were obtained from Donghu Lake, Yangtze River and Hanjiang River, respectively. After concentration, the water samples need to be analyzed by HPLC; the chromatograph condition is as follows: mobile phase: 95% methyl alcohol and 5% super-pure water; detector: ultraviolet detector and the wave length is 228nm; flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; column temperature: room temperature; injection volume: 20μL. The work demonstrated that all three PAEs were detected in main areas of Donghu Lake at concentration varied from 2.58×10-4 mg/L to12.47×10-4mg/L. DBP was detected in each sample at a significant higher concentration than the other two PAEs, which suggested that DBP is the predominant pollutant. Among different lake areas, the highest level of PAEs was found in Shuiguo Lake, less in Guozheng Lake and the lowest in Tanglin Lake. In Guozheng Lake and Tanglin Lake, there is an increasing tendency of PAEs level from north to south within the same lake area. PAEs were detected in water sample from Donghu Lake, Yangtze river and Hanjiang river, among which PAEs level was highest in Donghu Lake and lowest in Yangtze river. The results indicate that Donghu Lake has been polluted by PAEs to different extent.
(1)采用对雌激素敏感的人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7细胞,在无酚红的DMEM培养基中(含有10%葡聚糖活性炭处理过的小牛血清)采用开放式单层贴壁培养。细胞接种于96孔板,加入受试物继续培养2d。实验设含0.1% DMSO的培养基为阴性对照组、17β-雌二醇(E2)(10-7-10-12 mol/L)为雌激素阳性对照组、DMP、DBP、DOP各剂量(10-3-10-8 mol/L)组和东湖水提取物(5-5120ml)组,每个剂量设五个平行孔,用MCF-7细胞增值实验初步评价了东湖水提取物以及DMP、DBP、DOP的拟雌激素活性。结果表明:加受试物培养48h后,与阴性对照组相比,10-7、10-8、10-9、10-10、10-11 mol/L浓度的E2,10-3、10-4、10-5mol/L浓度的DBP,80和320ml含量的东湖水样提取物均可促进MCF-7细胞增殖(P<0.05或P<0.01),且E2、DBP和东湖水样提取物分别在10-9 mol/L、10-4 mol/L和320ml浓度时能引起MCF-7细胞的最大增值效应,增值指数分别为1.32、1.17和1.09。两者的相对增值效应分别为E2的88.64%和82.58%,DBP的相对增值能力为E2的十万分之一;受试物中,DMP和DOP并未表现出明显的MCF-7细胞增殖效应。即DBP和东湖水样提取物对MCF-7细胞增殖效应与天然雌激素E2相似,一定剂量范围内,表现出剂量-效应关系,两者均具有拟雌激素活性。
(2)在东湖的不同湖区(水果湖、郭郑湖、汤林湖)设6个采样点,并分别在东湖、长江、汉江采集综合水样各一份,富集、浓缩、定容后,用HPLC对各水样进行检测,色谱条件为:流动相为95%的甲醇+5%的超纯水,流速为1.0 mL/min,紫外检测器,波长为228nm,柱温为室温,进样体积为20μL。结果显示3种PAEs在东湖各主体湖区中均有不同程度的检出,浓度范围在2.58×10-4～12.47×10-4mg/L之间,其中DBP的检出率为100%,并且在各湖区中DBP的浓度明显比其它2种PAEs高,是主要的污染物。对于不同的湖区之间,3种PAEs的含量水平表现为水果湖最高,郭郑湖次之,汤林湖最低。而对于同一个湖区而言,郭郑湖和汤林湖均表现出南部>北部的趋势。长江、汉江水中3种PAEs与东湖相比,东湖水中三者的检出值最高;由于长江水流量大,流速快,自净能力强,受3种PAEs的污染程度远远比东湖轻;而汉江中3种PAEs的污染则居于两者之间。表明东湖水已经不同程度的受到了PAEs的污染。
The environmental endocrine disruptors, a group of chemical substances which exist in the environment, are able to disturb the endocrine system of human and wild animals, and then result in disorders to their reproduction, growth and behavior. In 1995, the phthalic acid esters have been classified as an important category of endocrine disruptors by WHO, and they have already caused the environmental pollution globally. Here, we took the water of Donghu lake as the object of our study, chose DMP, DBP, DOP--as priority pollutants classified by both China and US, and used MCF-7 cell line which is sensitive to estrogen, to appraise the estrogen-like activity of DMP, DBP and DOP, as well as that of the water extraction of Donghu Lake. In order to know the existence level and the distributed situation of three kinds of PAEs in Donghu lake, we used solid phase extraction unify the HPLC-UV method to analysis water extraction of Donghu lake. The results are as follows:
(1) Estrogen-sensitive human breast cancer cells MCF-7 are maintained in flask with phenolsulfonphthalein-free, high-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% bovine calf serum--addressed with charcoal, and incubated in a humidified incubator. Cells are transferred into 96-well plates, then aspirate the medium, add an equal volume of fresh DMEM without calf serum containing test compounds and continue incubation for 2 days. E2 serially diluted from 10-8 M down to 10-12M, and 0.1% DMSO was used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Test compounds including DMP, DBP, DOP (diluted from 10-3M down to 10-8M, respectively) and Water extraction of Donghu Lake (extracted from 5~5,120ml, respectively). Five parallel wells are set for each concentration of the tested compounds. Estrogenic activity according to each test compound is preliminary evaluated by proliferation experiment results. The work demonstrated that after exposure to test compounds for 48h, comparing to negative controls, 10-7 M ~ 10-11M E2, 10-3 M ~10-5M DBP and Water extractions of Donghu Lake (80ml and 320ml respectively) can promote MCF-7 cell proliferation significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The maximum effect of E2, DBP and water extraction respectively occur at concentration of 10-9 M, 10-4 M and 300ml water, with proliferation index values of 1.32, 1.17 and 1.19, accordingly. Response and potency of DBP relative to E2 is 88.64% and 1/10,000 respectively. Response of water extraction (300ml water) relative to E2 is 82.58%. No significant proliferation promoting effect was observed for DMP and DOP. Similar to nature estrogen E2, DBP and Donghu Lake water extraction can promote proliferation of MCF-7 cell line in a dose-effect manner when tested in a certain range of concentration, which indicates their estrogenic activity.
(2) Six water samples were obtained from three different districts (Shuiguo Lake, Guozheng Lake, Tangling Lake) of Donghu Lake, and three other composite water samples were obtained from Donghu Lake, Yangtze River and Hanjiang River, respectively. After concentration, the water samples need to be analyzed by HPLC; the chromatograph condition is as follows: mobile phase: 95% methyl alcohol and 5% super-pure water; detector: ultraviolet detector and the wave length is 228nm; flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; column temperature: room temperature; injection volume: 20μL. The work demonstrated that all three PAEs were detected in main areas of Donghu Lake at concentration varied from 2.58×10-4 mg/L to12.47×10-4mg/L. DBP was detected in each sample at a significant higher concentration than the other two PAEs, which suggested that DBP is the predominant pollutant. Among different lake areas, the highest level of PAEs was found in Shuiguo Lake, less in Guozheng Lake and the lowest in Tanglin Lake. In Guozheng Lake and Tanglin Lake, there is an increasing tendency of PAEs level from north to south within the same lake area. PAEs were detected in water sample from Donghu Lake, Yangtze river and Hanjiang river, among which PAEs level was highest in Donghu Lake and lowest in Yangtze river. The results indicate that Donghu Lake has been polluted by PAEs to different extent.
引文
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