掺镱石英光纤光子器件研究
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摘要
掺镱石英光纤具有几个方面的优点,如能级结构简单,与掺Er3+、Nd3+等稀土离子的光纤相比,不存在对泵浦光或信号光的激发态吸收(ESA),可以有更高的掺杂浓度;有较宽的吸收光谱(850~1050nm),可以利用多种泵浦光源来设计泵浦方案;辐射光谱宽(900~1200nm),激光输出波长可以有很宽的可调谐范围。尤其是包层泵浦技术的应用,使高功率输出的光纤激光器实现成为可能。因此,掺Yb3+石英光纤激光器在激光空间通讯、光纤传感、工业加工、医疗和国防军事等领域有广阔的应用前景。
本项研究工作结合国家自然科学重点基金和国家八六三项目,研究内容是对包层泵浦的掺镱光纤器件进行研究,从理论和实验两方面对掺镱双包层光纤激光器、放大器,双包层光纤Bragg光栅及其选频的光纤激光器,泵浦耦合方式等进行研究,取得了良好的结果。研究主要内容包括如下几个方面:一、首先对掺镱光纤及掺镱光纤激光器的发展状况、包层泵浦技术和高功率光纤激光器的应用等进行了综述;
二、在前人对高功率双包层光纤激光器的理论基础上,在考虑了光纤散射损耗因子的情况对光纤激光器理论进行了推导,给出了准解析解,进一步完善了理论分析。数值模似了掺镱双包层光纤激光器的输出特性与组成器件的参数之间的关系。对光纤Bragg光栅选频双包层光纤激光器的特性进行了分析。这些理论分析为双包层光纤激光器的实验研究具有很大的指导意义。
三、在少模光敏光纤中制作了一种波长在1.06μm波段的光纤Bragg光栅,理论和实验上给出了少模光纤光栅的温度敏感特性,另外将其作为光纤激光器腔镜进行激光选频,给出了实验结果。
四、对在双包层光纤中制作光纤光栅进行了研究,制作出了一种用于双包层光纤激光器选频的光纤光栅。同时对在多种双包层光纤写制多种光纤光栅进行了实验研究,并进行了分析。
五、系统地讨论了包层泵浦技术的特点,其核心是如何最大限度的提高包层中传输的泵浦光对纤芯中的掺杂激光介质的泵浦效率,其中双包层光纤的结构、内包层的形状、泵浦光入纤方式等是这项技术的关键所在。提出了光纤排和楔形棱镜波导耦合方案,从射线光学理论出发详细分析了斜角光纤耦合技术的原理,介绍了两种耦合方案的结构及实现方案。
六、基于全国产化元件,实现了掺镱双包层光纤激光运转,输出功率达到了12.7W,斜效率达76.9%,且输出稳定。给出了高功率掺镱双包层光纤激光器
Ytterbium (Yb)-doped silica fibers have a broad-gain bandwidth (850~1050nm), excellent power conversion efficiency, and a broad-absorption bandwidth (900~1200nm). Their ability to provide amplification over the very broad wavelength range from ~975nm to ~1200nm is expected to generate increasing interest in the near future. They offer an almost ideal gain medium for the fiber lasers and fiber amplifiers that work at the wavelength around 1μm. Using double-clad fibers, an efficient coupling of a high-power pump source into a single-mode fiber core can be achieved. High-power Yb-doped fiber lasers have caused particular interest as a reliable, efficient and compact, low cost source for a variety of applications in industry, printers, free-space communication, national defense and so on. The dissertation focuses on the Yb-doped double-clad fiber lasers, the fiber Bragg gratings in double-clad fiber, the fiber lasers based on double-clad fiber grating and pumping methods. The research works in detail are shown as follows:
1. We firstly summarize the development of Yb-doped fiber lasers, pumping methods and the applications of high-power fiber lasers.
2. Considering the scattering loss, we deduce the relationships between laser performances of Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser and parameters of laser cavity from the steady state rate equations, numerically analysis the changes of laser performances, such as laser power with the parameters of laser cavity, including output mirror reflectivity, optimum length of double clad fiber. We analysis the characters of double-clad fiber laser with mode selected based on fiber Bragg grating in double-clad fiber. These results are very important when optimizing the structure of a double-clad fiber laser.
3. With the phase-mask method, we make a fiber Bragg grating in a few-mode fiber with the peaks at the wavelength around 1060nm. We have studied the temperature dependant characteristics of few-mode fiber Bragg gratings theoretical and experimentally. The experimental result of fiber laser based on the few-mode fiber Bragg grating is presented.
4. We have studied the fiber Bragg gratings formed in double-clad fibers, with and without Hydrogen loaded, via the phase-mask method. A phase-shifted Moiréfiber Bragg grating is also fabricated in double-clad fiber.
5. Several traditional pumping methods are considered. How to improve the pump efficiency in a double-clad fiber laser is studied and the light propagation characteristics in the circular and rectangular are analyzed by using ray optics. Two
本项研究工作结合国家自然科学重点基金和国家八六三项目,研究内容是对包层泵浦的掺镱光纤器件进行研究,从理论和实验两方面对掺镱双包层光纤激光器、放大器,双包层光纤Bragg光栅及其选频的光纤激光器,泵浦耦合方式等进行研究,取得了良好的结果。研究主要内容包括如下几个方面:一、首先对掺镱光纤及掺镱光纤激光器的发展状况、包层泵浦技术和高功率光纤激光器的应用等进行了综述;
二、在前人对高功率双包层光纤激光器的理论基础上,在考虑了光纤散射损耗因子的情况对光纤激光器理论进行了推导,给出了准解析解,进一步完善了理论分析。数值模似了掺镱双包层光纤激光器的输出特性与组成器件的参数之间的关系。对光纤Bragg光栅选频双包层光纤激光器的特性进行了分析。这些理论分析为双包层光纤激光器的实验研究具有很大的指导意义。
三、在少模光敏光纤中制作了一种波长在1.06μm波段的光纤Bragg光栅,理论和实验上给出了少模光纤光栅的温度敏感特性,另外将其作为光纤激光器腔镜进行激光选频,给出了实验结果。
四、对在双包层光纤中制作光纤光栅进行了研究,制作出了一种用于双包层光纤激光器选频的光纤光栅。同时对在多种双包层光纤写制多种光纤光栅进行了实验研究,并进行了分析。
五、系统地讨论了包层泵浦技术的特点,其核心是如何最大限度的提高包层中传输的泵浦光对纤芯中的掺杂激光介质的泵浦效率,其中双包层光纤的结构、内包层的形状、泵浦光入纤方式等是这项技术的关键所在。提出了光纤排和楔形棱镜波导耦合方案,从射线光学理论出发详细分析了斜角光纤耦合技术的原理,介绍了两种耦合方案的结构及实现方案。
六、基于全国产化元件,实现了掺镱双包层光纤激光运转,输出功率达到了12.7W,斜效率达76.9%,且输出稳定。给出了高功率掺镱双包层光纤激光器
Ytterbium (Yb)-doped silica fibers have a broad-gain bandwidth (850~1050nm), excellent power conversion efficiency, and a broad-absorption bandwidth (900~1200nm). Their ability to provide amplification over the very broad wavelength range from ~975nm to ~1200nm is expected to generate increasing interest in the near future. They offer an almost ideal gain medium for the fiber lasers and fiber amplifiers that work at the wavelength around 1μm. Using double-clad fibers, an efficient coupling of a high-power pump source into a single-mode fiber core can be achieved. High-power Yb-doped fiber lasers have caused particular interest as a reliable, efficient and compact, low cost source for a variety of applications in industry, printers, free-space communication, national defense and so on. The dissertation focuses on the Yb-doped double-clad fiber lasers, the fiber Bragg gratings in double-clad fiber, the fiber lasers based on double-clad fiber grating and pumping methods. The research works in detail are shown as follows:
1. We firstly summarize the development of Yb-doped fiber lasers, pumping methods and the applications of high-power fiber lasers.
2. Considering the scattering loss, we deduce the relationships between laser performances of Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser and parameters of laser cavity from the steady state rate equations, numerically analysis the changes of laser performances, such as laser power with the parameters of laser cavity, including output mirror reflectivity, optimum length of double clad fiber. We analysis the characters of double-clad fiber laser with mode selected based on fiber Bragg grating in double-clad fiber. These results are very important when optimizing the structure of a double-clad fiber laser.
3. With the phase-mask method, we make a fiber Bragg grating in a few-mode fiber with the peaks at the wavelength around 1060nm. We have studied the temperature dependant characteristics of few-mode fiber Bragg gratings theoretical and experimentally. The experimental result of fiber laser based on the few-mode fiber Bragg grating is presented.
4. We have studied the fiber Bragg gratings formed in double-clad fibers, with and without Hydrogen loaded, via the phase-mask method. A phase-shifted Moiréfiber Bragg grating is also fabricated in double-clad fiber.
5. Several traditional pumping methods are considered. How to improve the pump efficiency in a double-clad fiber laser is studied and the light propagation characteristics in the circular and rectangular are analyzed by using ray optics. Two
引文
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