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SDS胶团强化超滤处理含镉—亚甲蓝复合废水的应用基础研究
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摘要
胶团强化超滤(MEUF)是一种基于表而活性剂技术,并与超滤技术结合起来的处理含重金属或有机污染物废水的新方法。本论文针对胶团强化超滤技术截留水中Cd2+和亚甲基蓝(MB)的效能机理及应用基础进行了研究。本研究以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为胶团生成源,选用中空纤维超滤膜进行超滤,系统地研究了各种控制参数对截留效能的影响,优化了分离过程条件,以减少渗透液中Cd2+、MB和SDS的浓度,并利用动态光散射法测定不同情况下SDS胶团的直径大小、Zeta电位等信息。采用酸化超滤法和螯合超滤法对截留液中SDS回收再利用进行了初步的研究。
     首先综述重金属和有机物污染现状及危害,介绍胶团强化超滤在工业水处理中的应用前景及存在问题,提出研究目的和内容;其次对单一含Cd2+和MB废水进行了胶团强化超滤,Cd2+的截留率最高可达99.2%以上,而对MB的截留率可以达到99.5%以上。胶团与两种污染物的反应均在常温下迅速完成,系统的操作压力仅为0.03Mpa。然后对含有Cd2+和MB的复合废水进行胶团强化超滤,结果表明,SDS胶团强化超滤可以高效简便地同步处理废水中的Cd2+和MB,在适宜的操作条件下,对废水中Cd2+的截留率可以达到98%以上,对MB的截留率可以达到99%以上,和单一含有Cd2+或MB的溶液超滤结果相比,证明两者不会互相造成干扰,且表面活性剂浓度、污染物浓度、pH值、温度、操作压力、静置时间、浓缩系数、不同超滤运行方式等控制参数均会对截留效能产生明显的影响。进行了基于非离子型表面活性剂(brij35、TritonX-100)与SDS复配胶团的强化超滤,SDS的用量显著减少,渗透液中SDS和总表面活性剂的残留量明显降低;然后从胶团粒径和Zeta电位着手,研究了污染物浓度和表面活性剂浓度对胶团自组装性能的影响,揭示了不同废水水质环境下表面活性剂SDS的胶团特性和变化规律。采用酸化超滤法和螯合超滤法分离截留液中的SDS和Cd2+/MB,并将回收的表面活性剂胶团再利用到MEUF中,获得了理想的效果。发现采用EDTA螯合超滤法更适合对Cd2+-MB复合废水MEUF后的浓缩液中的SDS进行回收再利用。
     研究结果表明,胶团强化超滤法可以高效、快速的处理单一含Cd2+/MB或Cd2+-MB复合废水,将非离子型表面活性剂(brij35、TritonX-100)与离子型表面活性剂SDS的复配作为减少表面活性剂用量的重要手段;采用动态光散射法推断SDS胶团和Cd2+/MB结合作用类型,从微观上揭示影响胶团强化超滤截留性能的原因。
     以上研究针对胶团强化超滤截留水中Cd2+和MB过程中的参数控制、工艺优化、SDS胶团与Cd2+和MB反应的过程及机理等关键问题进行了研究和探讨,为实现胶团强化超滤技术在纺织废水、印染废水的实际工业应用或是为污水处理厂将重金属和染料废水这两类物质混合同步去除提供理论依据。
Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) is a surfactant-based combined with ultrafiltration new method for the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals and/or organic pollutant. Performance, mechanism and application of retention of Cd2+and methylene blue (MB) by using MEUF were studied in this paper. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was selected as the surfactant and hollow fibre was adopted as the ultrafiltration membrane. Effects of operation parameters on removal of Cd2+and MB were systemically investigated. The way of improving of separation process by using MEUF was studied to decrease permeate concentrations of Cd2+, MB and SDS. The micelle size and Zeta potential of SDS micelles were determined by dynamic light scattering measurements (DLS). Two methods, acidification followed by ultrafiltration and chelation followed by ultrafiltration, were tested for separation of Cd2+/MB from SDS micelles in retentate solution of MEUF and the reuse of SDS.
     Firstly, the present situation and harm of heavy metal and organic pollution were summarized, the application prospect and existence question of the technique of MEUF in the industrial wastewater treatment technology were introduced, and the purpose and content of the research were also proposed. Next, MEUF was applied to treat cadmium-containing wastewater and methylene blue-containing wastewater. The best removal efficiency of Cd2+and MB was more than99.2%and99.5%, respectively. Micelles and the contaminants reacted completely under the normal temperature. The operation pressure of system was only0.03Mpa. And then the Cd2+-MB complex wastewater was treated by MEUF, which result showed that Cd2+and MB could be removed simultaneously efficiently and quickly with MEUF. The removal efficiency of Cd2+and MB could reach to98%and99%, respectively, which indicated there were no significant interrelations between Cd2+and methylene blue with regard to their separation effects compared with single removal of Cd2+/MB. The concentration of surfactants and contaimnants, temperature, the pH value, operation pressure, standing time, operation mode and concentrated coefficient had the obvious influence on retention efficiency. MEUF with the mixture of nonionic surfactant (brij35、TritonX-100) and SDS was studied. Dosage of SDS reduces obviously and residue of SDS and total concentration of surfactants in permeat decreased. Effects of concentration of Cd2+/MB and surfactant on the self-assemblv of SDS micelle are investigated from the point size and Zeta potential of micelle and the characteristic and variety rule of micelle were revealed. Recovery and reuse of SDS in the retentate stream of MEUF were conducted by two methods of acidification followed by ultrafiltration and chelation followed by ultrafiltration. Separations of Cd2+/MB from SDS micelles in retentate solution of MEUF were conducted by two methods of acidification followed by ultrafiltration and chelation followed by ultrafiltration. It was obtained good efficiency that reuse SDS in MEUF. It was shown that the method of chelation followed by ultrafiltration was more suited for recovery SDS from Cd2+-MB complex wastewater.
     The study showed that both single cadmium-containing wastewater/methylene blue-containing wastewater and Cd2+-MB complex wastewater were efficiently and quickly purified with MEUF. Advanced removal of SDS from wastewater was achieved with MEUF by the mixture of nonionic surfactant (brij35、TritonX-100) and SDS. The interaction between micelle and Cd2+/MB was detected by microcosmic detection to analyze the effect factors of Cd2+/MB removal on microcosmic level.
     In this paper, keys including parameters of control, process optimization, process and reactive mechanism between SDS and Cd2+and MB were studied and discussed. This study provided foundation for application and popularization of printing and dyeing wastewater treatment by MEUF. It was also theoretically helpful for simultaneous removal of Cd2+and MB in sewage plant.
引文
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