膜生物反应器脱氮除磷功能强化研究
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摘要
结合其他污水处理工艺，强化膜生物反应器的脱氮除磷效能，是本文主要内容。膜生物反应器分别结合生物膜工艺和序批式工艺进行脱氮除磷在本文中被考察。
在膜生物反应器中投加聚乙烯悬浮填料，构成生物膜-膜生物反应器，采用对比试验的方式，生物膜-膜生物反应器与传统的膜生物反应器在操作条件相同的情况下并联运行。试验中分别考察了两个反应器的脱氮除磷能力、抗冲击负荷能力、膜污染情况。
实验结果表明在膜生物反应器中填加悬浮填料使膜生物反应器去除有机污染物质的能力得到增强，总氮、总磷的平均去除率由45.5％和47.2％分别增至57.4％和71.8％。生物膜-膜生物反应器的抗冲击负荷能力也较普通膜生物物反应器有所提高。添加悬浮填料还可以延缓膜污染，生物膜-膜生物反应器中膜丝比流量在试验结束时为0.1L/(h·kPa)，而未投加悬浮填料的膜生物反应器中膜丝比流量降至0.036L/(h·kPa)。；两个反应器膜丝的电镜照片也形象揭示了传统膜生物反应器的膜污染情况较生物膜-膜生物反应器严重的多。
将序批式操作工艺应用于膜生物反应器，构成序批式膜生物反应器工艺，试验中，序批式膜生物反应器和传统膜生物反映器在相同的操作条件下并联运行，以作对比研究。在试验过程中逐渐降低进水COD/TN比值，提高氨氮负荷，比较序批式膜生物反应器和传统膜生物反应器的脱氮除磷性能和膜污染状况。试验结果表明，进水COD/TN降至3.8～8.3，氨氮负荷提高至0.17kgNH_4~+-N /m~3·d时，传统膜生物反应器对TN的去除率不佳，而序批式膜生物反应器通过改变周期、提高交换比等方式，TN和氨氮去除率分别保持在67.6％和93.12％，并且试验过程中，TP平均去除率为91.4％，不受进水COD/TN比值变化影响。序批式的运行方式还可以减轻膜污染。
生物膜-膜生物反应器、序批式膜生物反应器的脱氮除磷能力都较传统膜生物反应器有一定提高，膜污染情况都有所减轻。具体应用工程实践有待深入研究。
The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate how to improve the ability of membrane bioreactor in nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Biofilm membrane bioreactor (BMBR) and sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (SBMBR) are studied respectively.
For evaluating the efficiencies of a membrane biological reactor (MBR) and a biofilm membrane biological reactor (BMBR) with suspended media, tests were carried out to compare the performances of the two reactors in removing pollutants in domestic water. The result showed that adding suspended medias to MBR improved the ability of MBR not only in organic pollutant removal but also in nitrogen and phosphorus removal, the average percentage of T-Nt TP from 45.5% and 47.2% increased to 57.4% and 71.8%, respectively. BMBR was also found to have higher ability of shock loadings resistant than MBR. The specific flux in BMBR was 0.1 L/h KPa, but in MBR the specific flux decreased to 0.036 L/h Kpa. We also could get that the membrane fouling in MBR was more serious than that in BMBR according to SEM photograph of membrane sections in the two reactors.
A membrane bioreactor running in sequencing batch way was developed to investigate nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and the membrane fouling of the two systems were studied under different ratios of COD to T-N, which was decreased by increasing the ammonia-N in influent. When the COD/TN of influent was as low as 3.8-8.3 and ammonium nitrogen loads was 0.17kgNH4+-N/m3 d, changing the running period and increasing the change ratio, the efficiency of SBMBR in TN and ammonium nitrogen removal could maintain at 67.6% and 93.1%, respectively, while CMBR could not work well. The sequencing batch running way in membrane bioreactor can also reduce membrane fouling.
BMBR and SBMBR all not only can improve the membrane bioreactor in nitrogen and phosphorus removal but also can reduce membrane fouling.
在膜生物反应器中投加聚乙烯悬浮填料，构成生物膜-膜生物反应器，采用对比试验的方式，生物膜-膜生物反应器与传统的膜生物反应器在操作条件相同的情况下并联运行。试验中分别考察了两个反应器的脱氮除磷能力、抗冲击负荷能力、膜污染情况。
实验结果表明在膜生物反应器中填加悬浮填料使膜生物反应器去除有机污染物质的能力得到增强，总氮、总磷的平均去除率由45.5％和47.2％分别增至57.4％和71.8％。生物膜-膜生物反应器的抗冲击负荷能力也较普通膜生物物反应器有所提高。添加悬浮填料还可以延缓膜污染，生物膜-膜生物反应器中膜丝比流量在试验结束时为0.1L/(h·kPa)，而未投加悬浮填料的膜生物反应器中膜丝比流量降至0.036L/(h·kPa)。；两个反应器膜丝的电镜照片也形象揭示了传统膜生物反应器的膜污染情况较生物膜-膜生物反应器严重的多。
将序批式操作工艺应用于膜生物反应器，构成序批式膜生物反应器工艺，试验中，序批式膜生物反应器和传统膜生物反映器在相同的操作条件下并联运行，以作对比研究。在试验过程中逐渐降低进水COD/TN比值，提高氨氮负荷，比较序批式膜生物反应器和传统膜生物反应器的脱氮除磷性能和膜污染状况。试验结果表明，进水COD/TN降至3.8～8.3，氨氮负荷提高至0.17kgNH_4~+-N /m~3·d时，传统膜生物反应器对TN的去除率不佳，而序批式膜生物反应器通过改变周期、提高交换比等方式，TN和氨氮去除率分别保持在67.6％和93.12％，并且试验过程中，TP平均去除率为91.4％，不受进水COD/TN比值变化影响。序批式的运行方式还可以减轻膜污染。
生物膜-膜生物反应器、序批式膜生物反应器的脱氮除磷能力都较传统膜生物反应器有一定提高，膜污染情况都有所减轻。具体应用工程实践有待深入研究。
The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate how to improve the ability of membrane bioreactor in nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Biofilm membrane bioreactor (BMBR) and sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (SBMBR) are studied respectively.
For evaluating the efficiencies of a membrane biological reactor (MBR) and a biofilm membrane biological reactor (BMBR) with suspended media, tests were carried out to compare the performances of the two reactors in removing pollutants in domestic water. The result showed that adding suspended medias to MBR improved the ability of MBR not only in organic pollutant removal but also in nitrogen and phosphorus removal, the average percentage of T-Nt TP from 45.5% and 47.2% increased to 57.4% and 71.8%, respectively. BMBR was also found to have higher ability of shock loadings resistant than MBR. The specific flux in BMBR was 0.1 L/h KPa, but in MBR the specific flux decreased to 0.036 L/h Kpa. We also could get that the membrane fouling in MBR was more serious than that in BMBR according to SEM photograph of membrane sections in the two reactors.
A membrane bioreactor running in sequencing batch way was developed to investigate nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and the membrane fouling of the two systems were studied under different ratios of COD to T-N, which was decreased by increasing the ammonia-N in influent. When the COD/TN of influent was as low as 3.8-8.3 and ammonium nitrogen loads was 0.17kgNH4+-N/m3 d, changing the running period and increasing the change ratio, the efficiency of SBMBR in TN and ammonium nitrogen removal could maintain at 67.6% and 93.1%, respectively, while CMBR could not work well. The sequencing batch running way in membrane bioreactor can also reduce membrane fouling.
BMBR and SBMBR all not only can improve the membrane bioreactor in nitrogen and phosphorus removal but also can reduce membrane fouling.
引文
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[2] 郑兴灿．城市污水生物除磷脱氮工艺方案的选择．给水排水，2000，26(5)：1-3
[3] 王文斌，丁忠浩，刘士庭．垃圾渗透滤液中同步硝化反硝化的研究．工业安全与环保，2002，28(12)：12-14
[4] 付春平，钟成华，邓春光．废水的生物脱氮除磷新工艺的设想．重庆环境科学，2003，25(2)：39-44
[5] 李晔，胡海．生物脱氮工艺技术的研究进展．工业安全与环保，2003，29(1)：17-19
[6] 王建龙．生物脱氮新工艺及其技术原理．中国给水排水，2000，16(2)：25-28
[7] 袁林江，彭党聪，王志盈．短程硝化-反硝化生物脱氮．中国给水排水，2000，16(2)：29-31
[8] 于德爽，彭永臻等．中温短程硝化反硝化德影响因素研究．中国给水排水，2003，9(1)：40-42
[9] Alper Nuhoglu, Turgay Pekdemir, etc. Drinking water denitrification by a membrane bio-reactor. Water Research, 2002,36(5):1155-1166
[10] Keith Brindle, Tom Stephenson, Michael J. Semmens. Nitrification and oxygen utilisation in a membrane aeration bioreactor. Journal of Membrane Science, 1998,144(1-2):197-209
[11] 邱立平，马军．曝气生物滤池的短程硝化反硝化机理研究．中国给水排水，2002，18(11)：1-4
[12] Wouter Ghyoot, Stefaan Vandaele, Willy Verstraete. Nitrogen removal from sludge reject water with a membrane-assisted bioreactor. Wat. Res., 1999,33(1):23-32
[13] 陈际达，曲中堂等．亚硝酸盐反硝化脱氮．重庆大学学报，2002，25(3)：81-84
[14] 黄翔峰，李春鞠，陈数斌．城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术的发展．中国沼气，2000，18(4)：9-15
[15] 高廷耀，夏四清，周增炎．城市污水生物脱氮除磷工艺评述．环境科学，1999．20(1)：110-112
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