悬臂式数控水切割机的电气设计
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摘要
超高压水射流技术是上世纪70年代发展起来的一种新型实用技术,自从该技术诞生以来,就倍受人们关注,并且在很短时间内获得飞速发展。目前,国内外许多公司和学术机构正从事这一新技术的应用研究。超高压水射流技术的众多优点与特点正使其成为21世纪切割领域的重要发展方向。
本文以南京大地水刀股份有限公司研制的悬臂式数控水切割机为研究对象,主要进行了以下几方面的工作:
(1)阐述数控水切割机整体结构及增压系统基本工作原理,同时建立增压系统simulink模型,重点分析了多增压器主动换向控制的simulink仿真结果。
(2)分析数控机床伺服系统原理,建立伺服系统数学模型,根据模型对伺服系统动态、静态性能进行分析,数学模型的建立为机床参数的设置和优化奠定了理论基础。
(3)根据所选FAGOR数控系统进行外部电路设计,以确保数控系统能精确控制伺服系统运动。
(4)研究数控系统内置可编程逻辑控制器的基本原理、工作过程及语言结构,设计系统所需的各种PLC控制程序。
为检验机床性能,论文最后进行了相应的精度实验。所得的精度数据表明,本文提出的设计方案完全符合项目要求。
The Ultra-High-Pressure(UHP) water jet technology is one of advanced technology developed since 1970.When this kind of technology appeared,it was noted by the people all over world.It had got great development in a short time.At present,there are many large companies and researching insititutions all over the world are pursuing the studying of its application.This kind of technology has numerous merits and character.These merits make it possible to become a main development trend of cutting field in the 21th century.
This parper is based on the water jet cutter with a cantilever beam produced by Nanjng Dardi International Corporation,and the following aspects are focused in this parper.
Firstly,the thesis introduces the basic structure of UHP water jet cutter and the working process of the intendifier.The simulink modle of intensifier is setted up.This paper makes an emphasis on the study for simulink model of positive commutating of multi-intensifier and analyzes the result of pressure simulation.
Secondly,a deep research on servo system is made in this paper.The mathematics modle of servo system is setted up.According to the modle,this paper researches the performance items of servo system and analyzes dynamic,static state of the servo system.The modle foundation settles theory base for the parameter adjustment of the UHP water jet cutter.
Thirdly,according to the FAGOR CNC system selected in the project,the outside electrocircuit is designed in the thesis.This makes it possible to control servo system of the machine in an accurate way.
Finally,the Programmed Logical Computer(PLC) inside the CNC system is introduced in this paper.The thesis analyzes the fundamental theories;working process and language structure of the PLC controlled system.The PLC programme is designed for the function of this machine.It is very important for the performance of water jet cutter.
After this,a precision experiment is carried out to determine the state of the machine.The precision data got from experiment shows that the design provided by this paper is able to meet the demand of project.
本文以南京大地水刀股份有限公司研制的悬臂式数控水切割机为研究对象,主要进行了以下几方面的工作:
(1)阐述数控水切割机整体结构及增压系统基本工作原理,同时建立增压系统simulink模型,重点分析了多增压器主动换向控制的simulink仿真结果。
(2)分析数控机床伺服系统原理,建立伺服系统数学模型,根据模型对伺服系统动态、静态性能进行分析,数学模型的建立为机床参数的设置和优化奠定了理论基础。
(3)根据所选FAGOR数控系统进行外部电路设计,以确保数控系统能精确控制伺服系统运动。
(4)研究数控系统内置可编程逻辑控制器的基本原理、工作过程及语言结构,设计系统所需的各种PLC控制程序。
为检验机床性能,论文最后进行了相应的精度实验。所得的精度数据表明,本文提出的设计方案完全符合项目要求。
The Ultra-High-Pressure(UHP) water jet technology is one of advanced technology developed since 1970.When this kind of technology appeared,it was noted by the people all over world.It had got great development in a short time.At present,there are many large companies and researching insititutions all over the world are pursuing the studying of its application.This kind of technology has numerous merits and character.These merits make it possible to become a main development trend of cutting field in the 21th century.
This parper is based on the water jet cutter with a cantilever beam produced by Nanjng Dardi International Corporation,and the following aspects are focused in this parper.
Firstly,the thesis introduces the basic structure of UHP water jet cutter and the working process of the intendifier.The simulink modle of intensifier is setted up.This paper makes an emphasis on the study for simulink model of positive commutating of multi-intensifier and analyzes the result of pressure simulation.
Secondly,a deep research on servo system is made in this paper.The mathematics modle of servo system is setted up.According to the modle,this paper researches the performance items of servo system and analyzes dynamic,static state of the servo system.The modle foundation settles theory base for the parameter adjustment of the UHP water jet cutter.
Thirdly,according to the FAGOR CNC system selected in the project,the outside electrocircuit is designed in the thesis.This makes it possible to control servo system of the machine in an accurate way.
Finally,the Programmed Logical Computer(PLC) inside the CNC system is introduced in this paper.The thesis analyzes the fundamental theories;working process and language structure of the PLC controlled system.The PLC programme is designed for the function of this machine.It is very important for the performance of water jet cutter.
After this,a precision experiment is carried out to determine the state of the machine.The precision data got from experiment shows that the design provided by this paper is able to meet the demand of project.
引文
[1]孙家骏.水射流切割技术[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1992.
[2]董庆华.超高压水射流切割技术及其应用[J].焊接技术,2001,30(6):34-35.
[3]陈光明.数控超高压水射流切割技术的特点及其应用[J].机床与液压,2007,35(8):64-67
[4]张运祺.高压水射流切割原理及其应用[J].武汉工业大学学报,1994,16(4):13
[5]Damon C.Schroter.Cutting with High Pressure Water and Abrasives[C].27th International Abrasive Symposium,1989.
[6]朱派龙,周锦进,范晓光等.高压水射流切割技术原理和应用前景[J].电加工,1997(6):1-2.
[7]杨波.几种新型特种切割方法及其特性对比[J].煤矿机械,2005(10):80-82
[8]董庆华.数控高压水射流切割机的研究和设计[D].合肥工业大学工程硕士学位论文,2007.
[9]D.S.Miller.Developments in Abrasivewaterjets Formicromachining[C].WJTA American Waterjet Conference,2003.
[10]D.S.Miller.Micro Abrasive Waterjet Cutting[C].2001 WJTA American Waterjet Conference,2001.
[11]Kathy Zaring,Glenn Erichsen,Charles Burnham.Abrasive Water Jet[J].Cutting Tool Engineering,1993,45(9):30-34.
[12]J Wang.Abrasive Waterjet Machining of Polylmer Matrix Composites Cutting Performance[C].Erosive Process and Predictive Models Int J Manuf Technol,1999(15):757-768.
[13]Richard Ward.Abrasive Water Jet Options[J].Cutting Tool Engineering,1997,49(1):61-66.
[14]陈蔚芳,王宏涛等.机床数控技术及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[15]杨有君.数控技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[16]周济,周艳红.数控加工技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002.
[17]北京发格自动化设备有限公司.FAGOR 8035 CNC安装手册[M].2003.
[18]孔庆忠,房彦伟,毕俊喜等.超高压水射流发生器压力分析[J].机床与液压2000(增刊):156-157.
[19]南京大地水刀股份有限公司.DIPS系列超高压系统使用说明书[M].2008.
[20]宋清俊,雷玉勇,杨桂林,贾强,邱刚,马超.超高压增压系统压力波动特性研究究[J].矿山机械,2007(5):98-101.
[21]侯健,韩育礼,吴粉祥.超高压水射流系统压力稳定性研究[J].弹道学报,2005,13(4):79-81.
[22]雷玉勇,宋清俊,杨桂林,贾强,邱刚,马超.基于SIMULINK的水射流动态特性仿真[J].机床与液压,2007,35(4):125-128.
[23]Tremblay M,Ramulu M,Modeling and simulation of pressure fluctuations in high pressure waterjets[C].10~(th) American Waterjet Conference,1999.
[24]台达电子集团.DVP-PLC应用技术手册程序篇[M](第三版).2003.
[25]郭庆鼎,王成元.交流伺服系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1994.
[26]肖英奎,尚涛,陈殿生.伺服系统实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[27]王新生,王国桂.交流伺服系统的发展与新控制技术应用[J].电气传动自动化,1996,18(1):3-8.
[28]谢守勇,李锡文,杨叔子等.一种三轴伺服平台运动控制研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,29(9):169-171.
[29]王红,周越.伺服电动机控制参数整定平台的设计[J].微特电机2007(12):26-27.
[30]W.Bloton.Mechatronics:Electronic Control Systems in Mechanical Engineering [M].Long man Scientific&Technology,1995
[31]顾绳谷,赵昌颖.电机及拖动基础(第三版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[32]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统-运动控制系统(第三版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[33]Bradley D.A.Etal.Mechatronics:Electronic in Products and Processes[M].London,Chapman and Hall,1998
[34]祁若龙.开放式数控伺服模型及位置控制技术研究[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[35]John G.Bollinger,NeilA.Duffie.Computer Control of Machines and Processes.[M].Addison-wesley Publishing Company,2004.
[36]赵琦.高性能交流伺服数控平台的研究和开发[D].河北工业大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[37]胡寿松.自动控制原理(第四版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[38]何红欣.数控机床伺服参数的调整[J].制造技术与机床,2006(8):120-122.
[39]闵惠芬,蒋伟.伺服系统在数控中的应用[J].机械制造与研究,2007,36(2):10-13.
[40]日本安川株式会社.安川∑-Ⅱ系列使用说明书[M].2004.
[41]北京发格自动化设备有限公司.FAGOR 8035 CNC操作手册[M].2003.
[42]蔡美富,张瑾刚,秦向红.机床电气设计中如何减少外部干扰源对数控系统的干扰[J].制造技术与机床,2005(3):53-54.
[43]黄登红,王建平,孙涛.YK2045数控磨齿机的电气设计[J].机床与液压,2004(7):138-139
[44]宇海英.XK715F数控铣床技术改造研究[D].长春理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[45]卢绍良,刘福才.FAGOR数控系统在切割机上的特殊应用[J].机床电器,2003(3):17-18
[46]孙钊,高丽,常征.采用FAGOR CNC系统对3ME2116磨床的数控化改造[J]西安工程科技学院学报,2005,19(4):449-450.
[47]王悦.CT40型数控车床控制系统开发[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[48]王立勤,刘玉杰.FAGOR数控系统高级语言功能在高速数控冲床上的应用[J].制造技术与机床,2005(8):128-129.
[49]陈洋,桂柯.西班牙FAGOR 8055数控系统在镗铣床上的应用[J].机床电器,2006(6):20-22.
[50]钟灵.20-10FPS00NK龙门铣床的数控改造[D].西北农林科技大学,2006.
[51]王立勤,刘玉杰.用FAGOR数控系统高级语言功能开发数控转塔冲床上夹钳保护区功能[J].制造技术与机床,2005(12):111-113.
[52]刘千军.FAGOR 8055B/M数控系统在大型激光热处理设备中的运用[J].新技术新工艺,2005(11):4-5.
[2]董庆华.超高压水射流切割技术及其应用[J].焊接技术,2001,30(6):34-35.
[3]陈光明.数控超高压水射流切割技术的特点及其应用[J].机床与液压,2007,35(8):64-67
[4]张运祺.高压水射流切割原理及其应用[J].武汉工业大学学报,1994,16(4):13
[5]Damon C.Schroter.Cutting with High Pressure Water and Abrasives[C].27th International Abrasive Symposium,1989.
[6]朱派龙,周锦进,范晓光等.高压水射流切割技术原理和应用前景[J].电加工,1997(6):1-2.
[7]杨波.几种新型特种切割方法及其特性对比[J].煤矿机械,2005(10):80-82
[8]董庆华.数控高压水射流切割机的研究和设计[D].合肥工业大学工程硕士学位论文,2007.
[9]D.S.Miller.Developments in Abrasivewaterjets Formicromachining[C].WJTA American Waterjet Conference,2003.
[10]D.S.Miller.Micro Abrasive Waterjet Cutting[C].2001 WJTA American Waterjet Conference,2001.
[11]Kathy Zaring,Glenn Erichsen,Charles Burnham.Abrasive Water Jet[J].Cutting Tool Engineering,1993,45(9):30-34.
[12]J Wang.Abrasive Waterjet Machining of Polylmer Matrix Composites Cutting Performance[C].Erosive Process and Predictive Models Int J Manuf Technol,1999(15):757-768.
[13]Richard Ward.Abrasive Water Jet Options[J].Cutting Tool Engineering,1997,49(1):61-66.
[14]陈蔚芳,王宏涛等.机床数控技术及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[15]杨有君.数控技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[16]周济,周艳红.数控加工技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002.
[17]北京发格自动化设备有限公司.FAGOR 8035 CNC安装手册[M].2003.
[18]孔庆忠,房彦伟,毕俊喜等.超高压水射流发生器压力分析[J].机床与液压2000(增刊):156-157.
[19]南京大地水刀股份有限公司.DIPS系列超高压系统使用说明书[M].2008.
[20]宋清俊,雷玉勇,杨桂林,贾强,邱刚,马超.超高压增压系统压力波动特性研究究[J].矿山机械,2007(5):98-101.
[21]侯健,韩育礼,吴粉祥.超高压水射流系统压力稳定性研究[J].弹道学报,2005,13(4):79-81.
[22]雷玉勇,宋清俊,杨桂林,贾强,邱刚,马超.基于SIMULINK的水射流动态特性仿真[J].机床与液压,2007,35(4):125-128.
[23]Tremblay M,Ramulu M,Modeling and simulation of pressure fluctuations in high pressure waterjets[C].10~(th) American Waterjet Conference,1999.
[24]台达电子集团.DVP-PLC应用技术手册程序篇[M](第三版).2003.
[25]郭庆鼎,王成元.交流伺服系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1994.
[26]肖英奎,尚涛,陈殿生.伺服系统实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[27]王新生,王国桂.交流伺服系统的发展与新控制技术应用[J].电气传动自动化,1996,18(1):3-8.
[28]谢守勇,李锡文,杨叔子等.一种三轴伺服平台运动控制研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,29(9):169-171.
[29]王红,周越.伺服电动机控制参数整定平台的设计[J].微特电机2007(12):26-27.
[30]W.Bloton.Mechatronics:Electronic Control Systems in Mechanical Engineering [M].Long man Scientific&Technology,1995
[31]顾绳谷,赵昌颖.电机及拖动基础(第三版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[32]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统-运动控制系统(第三版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[33]Bradley D.A.Etal.Mechatronics:Electronic in Products and Processes[M].London,Chapman and Hall,1998
[34]祁若龙.开放式数控伺服模型及位置控制技术研究[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[35]John G.Bollinger,NeilA.Duffie.Computer Control of Machines and Processes.[M].Addison-wesley Publishing Company,2004.
[36]赵琦.高性能交流伺服数控平台的研究和开发[D].河北工业大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[37]胡寿松.自动控制原理(第四版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[38]何红欣.数控机床伺服参数的调整[J].制造技术与机床,2006(8):120-122.
[39]闵惠芬,蒋伟.伺服系统在数控中的应用[J].机械制造与研究,2007,36(2):10-13.
[40]日本安川株式会社.安川∑-Ⅱ系列使用说明书[M].2004.
[41]北京发格自动化设备有限公司.FAGOR 8035 CNC操作手册[M].2003.
[42]蔡美富,张瑾刚,秦向红.机床电气设计中如何减少外部干扰源对数控系统的干扰[J].制造技术与机床,2005(3):53-54.
[43]黄登红,王建平,孙涛.YK2045数控磨齿机的电气设计[J].机床与液压,2004(7):138-139
[44]宇海英.XK715F数控铣床技术改造研究[D].长春理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[45]卢绍良,刘福才.FAGOR数控系统在切割机上的特殊应用[J].机床电器,2003(3):17-18
[46]孙钊,高丽,常征.采用FAGOR CNC系统对3ME2116磨床的数控化改造[J]西安工程科技学院学报,2005,19(4):449-450.
[47]王悦.CT40型数控车床控制系统开发[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[48]王立勤,刘玉杰.FAGOR数控系统高级语言功能在高速数控冲床上的应用[J].制造技术与机床,2005(8):128-129.
[49]陈洋,桂柯.西班牙FAGOR 8055数控系统在镗铣床上的应用[J].机床电器,2006(6):20-22.
[50]钟灵.20-10FPS00NK龙门铣床的数控改造[D].西北农林科技大学,2006.
[51]王立勤,刘玉杰.用FAGOR数控系统高级语言功能开发数控转塔冲床上夹钳保护区功能[J].制造技术与机床,2005(12):111-113.
[52]刘千军.FAGOR 8055B/M数控系统在大型激光热处理设备中的运用[J].新技术新工艺,2005(11):4-5.