小麦高产优质的群体质量指标分析及产量品质效应
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摘要
在大田试验条件下,选用河南省生产上大面积推广的半冬性小麦强筋品种济麦20、中筋品种豫麦49和弱筋品种郑麦004,弱春性小麦强筋品种郑麦9023、中筋品种偃展4110和弱筋品种豫麦50,研究两种类型小麦高产优质群体的基本生育规律的变化特征、品质特性及其播期的调节效应和资源利用情况,主要研究结果如下:
1不同类型小麦高产优质的群体质量指标分析
本试验结果表明,高产优质群体的群体总茎数的变化呈现出近似抛物线变化趋势,半冬性品种早播和适播处理下分蘖高峰出现在返青期,达到1770×104/hm2,晚播处理出现在拔节期,总茎数为1374×104/hm2,成熟期三种不同筋型的品种济麦20、豫麦49和郑麦004群体总茎数分别为785×104/hm2、683×104/hm2和646×104/hm2;弱春性品种群体总茎数最大值均出现在拔节期,达到1625×104/hm2,至成熟期郑麦9023,偃展4110和豫麦50成穗数分别为682×104/hm2,738×104/hm2和640×104/hm2。
干物质积累变化动态呈现出指数增加趋势,且孕穗后干物质积累直线上升,成熟期各品种每公顷的干物质积累总量均达到20t以上。
群体叶面积系数变化呈单峰曲线,均在孕穗期达到最大值,半冬性、弱春性二类品种的最大叶面积系数平均分别达到8.25、9.03,开花后20 d二类品种的叶面积系数分别在5.6和5.3左右。半冬性品种的粒重/叶和粒数/叶均大于弱春性品种,半冬性品种济麦20、豫麦49和郑麦004的粒重/叶分别在16.05,14.73和16.92,粒数/叶在0.33左右。郑麦9023,偃展4110和豫麦50的粒重/叶分别在13.86,13.81和10.76,粒数/叶分别为0.23,0.29和0.26。
2高产群体小麦的幼穗分化变化
本研究结果表明,供试两种类型小麦幼穗分化进程呈现出“慢-快-慢”趋势,表现为从分化始期到护颖分化期的持续时间长、速度慢,护颖分化到药隔期时间短、速度快,药隔期至四分体期持续时间又较长。半冬性品种的总分化时间平均在148d,上述三个阶段分别占总分化时间的69.7%,14.3%和16.0%,总积温为733.2℃·d～468.7℃·d,三个品种不同播期处理下均以单棱期越冬,且二棱期对积温要求严格,均需90℃·d左右的积温才能通过。弱春性品种总分化时间在140d左右,上述三个阶段分别占总分化时间的67.0%,12.9%和20.1%,总积温为637.3℃·d～482.8℃·d。郑麦9023幼穗分化的速度较快,早播和适播均以二棱期越冬,晚播以单棱期越冬,偃展4110和豫麦50早播处理以二棱期越冬,适播和晚播则以单棱期越冬。
3高产群体小麦的产量及其产量构成因素
三个半冬性品种不同处理下的产量均达到7500kg/hm2以上,不同品种间成穗数、穗粒数和千粒重差异较大,济麦20、豫麦49和郑麦004成穗数分别为785×104/hm2、683×104/hm2和646×104/hm2,均属于多穗型品种。济麦20穗数最高;郑麦004的穗粒数较多,分别比济麦20和豫麦49高出11.9和13.5个百分点;千粒重以豫麦49最高,分别比济麦20和郑麦004高7.63g和6.55g。
三个弱春性品种产量均低于半冬性品种,表现为偃展4110>郑麦9023>豫麦50,不同品种间成穗数、穗粒数和千粒重差异较大,成穗数表现为偃展4110>郑麦9023>豫麦50,穗粒数表现为豫麦50最大,分别比郑麦9023和偃展4110高出27.93和7.52个百分点;千粒重表现为郑麦9023>偃展4110>豫麦50。
4高产群体小麦的营养品质、黏度特性和面粉加工品质的变化
试验结果表明,随着小麦筋型的提高,其淀粉含量及其组分含量减少,蛋白质含量增加,半冬性品种的赖氨酸含量高于弱春性品种,平均高出11.2个百分点。弱春性三种小麦的淀粉含量及其组分均高于三个半冬性品种。随着播期的推迟,半冬性强筋品种济麦20和中筋品种豫麦49的总淀粉含量和组分均呈增加趋势,弱筋品种郑麦004的淀粉含量及其组分先升高后降低。弱春性小麦早播和晚播都不利于淀粉的积累。降落值随着筋型的降低而降低,强筋品种平均比弱筋品种高出36.97个百分点。三种筋型品种不同播期处理下的容重均在800g/L左右。
强筋品种和中筋品种的黏度参数间差异不大,其峰值黏度、低谷黏度和最终黏度分别在1400BU,1200BU和1700BU左右,但均明显高于弱筋品种(参数值分别在1000BU,850BU,1400BU左右);反弹值和稀懈值三种筋型品种间没有明显差异。播期对强筋和中筋小麦的黏度参数影响不大,但弱筋品种郑麦004早播和晚播条件下均显著增加了其峰值黏度、低谷黏度和最终黏度。三种筋型小麦的粉质参数和拉伸参数除弱化度外均表现为强筋>中筋>弱筋。播期对三种筋型小麦面粉品质及加工品种有明显的调控效应。半冬性强筋品种济麦20早播条件下有利于提高其面粉粉质参数和拉伸参数,降低弱化度,改善品质。适期播种有利于提高中筋品种豫麦49的粉质参数和拉伸参数。适当晚播能降低弱筋品种郑麦004的粉质参数和拉伸参数,增加其弱化度,改善加工品质。适期播种能够改善强筋品种郑麦9023和弱筋品种豫麦50的面粉品质。中筋品种偃展4110的粉质参数和拉伸参数均随着播期的推迟而降低。
5高产群体小麦的资源利用率
试验结果表明,不同冬小麦品种的水分利用率在19 kg/(mm·hm2)左右,两种类型小麦整个生育期的耗水量随着播期的推迟先降低后升高,水分利用率先升高后降低。不同播期下,半冬性小麦整个生育期的积温差异不大,均在1924℃·d～2192℃·d。播期对不同生育时期积温的影响在三个弱春性品种间存在差异,总积温在1750℃·d～2010℃·d之间。半冬性品种比弱春性品种整个生育期所需积温高200℃·d左右,差异主要集中在越冬前的积温,拔节后两种类型小麦所需积温差异不大。随着播期的推迟,两种类型小麦完成生长发育所需总积温减少。
This paper systemically studied the population-Quality indices,young spike differentiation,grain yield,main quality indices and the resource utilization by using semi-winterness wheat with different types of gluten-Jimai 20(strong gluten),Yumai 49(middle gluten),Zhengmai 004(weak gluten),and weak springness wheat with different types of gluten,Zhengmai 9023(strong gluten),Yanzhan 4110(middle gluten),Yumai(weak gluten) 50.The experimentation was controlled under field conditions in 2006-2007 growing seasons by regulation of sowing date.The main results were as follows:
1 The population quality indices of different type wheat varieties with high-quality and grain yield
The results showed that the total group stems number followed the similar parabola trend.The tiller peak appeared on regreening period for semi-winterness wheat varieties under earlier and suitable sowing date.It is up to 1770×104/hm2.While the tiller peak appeared on jointing stage under later sowing ,and the group number was 1374×104/hm2.The spikes of Jimai 20,Yumai 49 and Zhengmai 004 on maturity were 785×104/hm2、683×104/hm2 and 646×104/hm2,respectively.However,the tiller peak appeared on jointing stage of weak springness wheat varieties by 1625×104/hm2,on maturity Zhengmai 9023,Yanzhan 4110 and Yumai 50 were 680×104/hm2、738104/hm2 and 640×104/hm2 ,respectively.
The trend of dry matter weight showed exponential increasing,and it had a liner ascending tendency after booting.The dry matter weight was about 20 t/hm2 on maturity of different wheat varieties.The trend of leaf area index followed a single peak curve,and the peak appeared on booting stage,The biggest leaf area index of semi-winter wheat and weak springness wheat varieties up to 8.25 and 9.03,respectively.it keep about 5.6 and 5.3 on 20d after anthesis. respectively.
The Grain weight per leaf area and grain-number per leaf area of semi-winterness wheat varieties were bigger than that of weak springness wheat varieties, The Grain weight per leaf area of semi-winterness wheat Jimai 20,Yumai 49 and Zhengmai 004 were 16.05,14.73 and 16.92,respectively.And the grain-number per leaf area was about 0.33.The Grain weight per leaf area of weak springness wheat Zhengmai 9023,Yanzhan 4110 and Yumai 50 were 12.86,13.81 and 10.76, respectively.and the grain-number per leaf area were 0.23,0.29 and 0.26,respectively.
2 The young spike differentiation of different type wheat varieties with grain yield
The results showed that:the process of different type wheat varieties exhibited a trend of“slow-fast-slow”,and the period from begin of differentiation to the glume differentiation stage was long and fast,the period from the glume differentiation stage to anther seperation stage was short and slowly.the period from anther separation to tetrad stage was long.The differentiation process of semi-winterness wheat was averaging 148d,and they were 69.7%,14.3% and 16.0%,respectively.The total accumulated temperature was 733.2℃·d～468.7℃·d,The semi-winterness wheat varieties were over winterness by single ridge stage.and the accumulated temperature of double ridge stage was rigorous,and it was about 90℃·d. The differentiation process of weak springness wheat was averaging 140d,and they were 67.0%,12.9% and 20.1%,respectively.The total accumulated temperature was 637.3℃·d～482.8℃·d,the differentiation speed of Zhengmai 9023 was faster than others,it over winter by double ridge stage under early and suitable sowing,by single ridge stage under late sowing.But by double ridge stage under early sowing,by single ridge stage under suitable and late sowing of Yanzhan 4110 and Yumai 50.
3 The grain yield and yield component of different type wheat varieties with grain yield The grain yield of three semi-winterness wheat varieties were up to 7500 kg/hm2,Significant difference were found among three varieties,the spikes of Jimai 20,Yumai 49 and Zhengmai 004 were 785×104/hm2、683×104/ hm2 and 646×104/hm2,respectively.The kernels per spike of Zhengmai 004 was higher than that of Jimai 20 and Yumai 49 by 11.9 and 13.5 percentage point, respectively.The 1000-kernel weight of Yumai 49 was heavier than that of Jimai 20 and Zhengmai 004 by 7.63g and 6.55g,respectively.
The grain yield of three weak springness wheat varieties were lower than semi-winterness wheat varieties,and Yanzhan 4110>Zhengmai 9023>Yumai 50.The difference were significant among the varieties,the spikes number of Yanzhan 4110 was most,The kernels per spike of Yumai 50 was higher than that of Zhengmai 9023 and Yanzhan 4110 by 27.92 and 7.52 percentage point,respectively.The 1000-kernel weight of Zhengmai 9023 was heavier than that of Yanzhan 4110 and Yumai 50,respectively.
4 The nutrition quality and pasting properties and the flour end-use quality of different type wheat varieties with high-quality and grain yield.
The results indicated that:the starch content and its components decreased with the stronger of gluten,the protein content increased,the lysine content of semi-winterness wheat was higher than that of weak springness wheat,averaging 11.2%.The starch content of weak springness wheat was higher than that of semi-winterness wheat.The starch content and its components increased of semi-winterness wheat Jimai 20 and Yumai 49 with the postpone of sowing date, while they first increased then decreased of Zhengmai 004,weak gluten.It was not benfit for starch accumulation under early and late sowing.The falling number decreased with the lower of gluten,and that of strong gluten was higer than weak gluten by 36.97 percentage point.The unit weight of different gluten wheat varieties were about 800g/L.
The pasting properties of strong and middle gluten had little difference,Peak viscosity,trough and final viscosity was about 1400BU,1200BU和1700BU.and they were higher than that of weak gluten varieties(parameters were about 1000BU,850BU,1400BU).The setback and break down showed little difference during different gluten. The effects on pasting parameters of strong and middle gluten were little,but Peak viscosity, trough and final viscosity was increased significantly of weak gluten Zhengmai 004 under early and late sowing.
The trends of both farinograph and extensograph parameters except degree of softening showed that,strong gluten>middle gluten>weak gluten.The sowing dates had significant effects on flour nutrition quality and processing quality.The results showed that,early sowing could increased farinograph and extensograph parameter,dreased softening,improved the end-use quality of Jimai 20,while suitable sowing date would improve the end-use quality of middle gluten Yumai 49,late sowing would improve the end-use quality of Zhengmai 004. It indicated that suitable sowing date would improve the end-use quality of weak springness wheat varieties with strong gluten Zhengmai 9023.and weak gluten 50,Both farinograph and extensograph parameter of middle gluten Yanzhan 4110 decreased with the postpone of sowing date.
5 The resource utilization rate of of different type wheat varieties with grain yield The results indicated that,the water use efficiency of different wheat varieties was about 19,the water consuming amount during the whole stage was first decreased then increased,the water use efficiency first increased then decreased with the postpone of sowing date.The effect on total accumulated temperature during the whole stage of semi-winterness wheat varieties was not significant,it ranged from 1924℃·d to 2192℃·d,But the effect of weak springness wheat varieties was big, it ranged from 1750℃·d to 2010℃·d,The total accumulated temperature of semi-winterness wheat was higher by 200℃·d than weak springness wheat, and the variance mainly concentrated on that before overwintering,and the difference was not significant after booting stage.The total accumulated temperature decreased with the postpone of sowing date.
1不同类型小麦高产优质的群体质量指标分析
本试验结果表明,高产优质群体的群体总茎数的变化呈现出近似抛物线变化趋势,半冬性品种早播和适播处理下分蘖高峰出现在返青期,达到1770×104/hm2,晚播处理出现在拔节期,总茎数为1374×104/hm2,成熟期三种不同筋型的品种济麦20、豫麦49和郑麦004群体总茎数分别为785×104/hm2、683×104/hm2和646×104/hm2;弱春性品种群体总茎数最大值均出现在拔节期,达到1625×104/hm2,至成熟期郑麦9023,偃展4110和豫麦50成穗数分别为682×104/hm2,738×104/hm2和640×104/hm2。
干物质积累变化动态呈现出指数增加趋势,且孕穗后干物质积累直线上升,成熟期各品种每公顷的干物质积累总量均达到20t以上。
群体叶面积系数变化呈单峰曲线,均在孕穗期达到最大值,半冬性、弱春性二类品种的最大叶面积系数平均分别达到8.25、9.03,开花后20 d二类品种的叶面积系数分别在5.6和5.3左右。半冬性品种的粒重/叶和粒数/叶均大于弱春性品种,半冬性品种济麦20、豫麦49和郑麦004的粒重/叶分别在16.05,14.73和16.92,粒数/叶在0.33左右。郑麦9023,偃展4110和豫麦50的粒重/叶分别在13.86,13.81和10.76,粒数/叶分别为0.23,0.29和0.26。
2高产群体小麦的幼穗分化变化
本研究结果表明,供试两种类型小麦幼穗分化进程呈现出“慢-快-慢”趋势,表现为从分化始期到护颖分化期的持续时间长、速度慢,护颖分化到药隔期时间短、速度快,药隔期至四分体期持续时间又较长。半冬性品种的总分化时间平均在148d,上述三个阶段分别占总分化时间的69.7%,14.3%和16.0%,总积温为733.2℃·d～468.7℃·d,三个品种不同播期处理下均以单棱期越冬,且二棱期对积温要求严格,均需90℃·d左右的积温才能通过。弱春性品种总分化时间在140d左右,上述三个阶段分别占总分化时间的67.0%,12.9%和20.1%,总积温为637.3℃·d～482.8℃·d。郑麦9023幼穗分化的速度较快,早播和适播均以二棱期越冬,晚播以单棱期越冬,偃展4110和豫麦50早播处理以二棱期越冬,适播和晚播则以单棱期越冬。
3高产群体小麦的产量及其产量构成因素
三个半冬性品种不同处理下的产量均达到7500kg/hm2以上,不同品种间成穗数、穗粒数和千粒重差异较大,济麦20、豫麦49和郑麦004成穗数分别为785×104/hm2、683×104/hm2和646×104/hm2,均属于多穗型品种。济麦20穗数最高;郑麦004的穗粒数较多,分别比济麦20和豫麦49高出11.9和13.5个百分点;千粒重以豫麦49最高,分别比济麦20和郑麦004高7.63g和6.55g。
三个弱春性品种产量均低于半冬性品种,表现为偃展4110>郑麦9023>豫麦50,不同品种间成穗数、穗粒数和千粒重差异较大,成穗数表现为偃展4110>郑麦9023>豫麦50,穗粒数表现为豫麦50最大,分别比郑麦9023和偃展4110高出27.93和7.52个百分点;千粒重表现为郑麦9023>偃展4110>豫麦50。
4高产群体小麦的营养品质、黏度特性和面粉加工品质的变化
试验结果表明,随着小麦筋型的提高,其淀粉含量及其组分含量减少,蛋白质含量增加,半冬性品种的赖氨酸含量高于弱春性品种,平均高出11.2个百分点。弱春性三种小麦的淀粉含量及其组分均高于三个半冬性品种。随着播期的推迟,半冬性强筋品种济麦20和中筋品种豫麦49的总淀粉含量和组分均呈增加趋势,弱筋品种郑麦004的淀粉含量及其组分先升高后降低。弱春性小麦早播和晚播都不利于淀粉的积累。降落值随着筋型的降低而降低,强筋品种平均比弱筋品种高出36.97个百分点。三种筋型品种不同播期处理下的容重均在800g/L左右。
强筋品种和中筋品种的黏度参数间差异不大,其峰值黏度、低谷黏度和最终黏度分别在1400BU,1200BU和1700BU左右,但均明显高于弱筋品种(参数值分别在1000BU,850BU,1400BU左右);反弹值和稀懈值三种筋型品种间没有明显差异。播期对强筋和中筋小麦的黏度参数影响不大,但弱筋品种郑麦004早播和晚播条件下均显著增加了其峰值黏度、低谷黏度和最终黏度。三种筋型小麦的粉质参数和拉伸参数除弱化度外均表现为强筋>中筋>弱筋。播期对三种筋型小麦面粉品质及加工品种有明显的调控效应。半冬性强筋品种济麦20早播条件下有利于提高其面粉粉质参数和拉伸参数,降低弱化度,改善品质。适期播种有利于提高中筋品种豫麦49的粉质参数和拉伸参数。适当晚播能降低弱筋品种郑麦004的粉质参数和拉伸参数,增加其弱化度,改善加工品质。适期播种能够改善强筋品种郑麦9023和弱筋品种豫麦50的面粉品质。中筋品种偃展4110的粉质参数和拉伸参数均随着播期的推迟而降低。
5高产群体小麦的资源利用率
试验结果表明,不同冬小麦品种的水分利用率在19 kg/(mm·hm2)左右,两种类型小麦整个生育期的耗水量随着播期的推迟先降低后升高,水分利用率先升高后降低。不同播期下,半冬性小麦整个生育期的积温差异不大,均在1924℃·d～2192℃·d。播期对不同生育时期积温的影响在三个弱春性品种间存在差异,总积温在1750℃·d～2010℃·d之间。半冬性品种比弱春性品种整个生育期所需积温高200℃·d左右,差异主要集中在越冬前的积温,拔节后两种类型小麦所需积温差异不大。随着播期的推迟,两种类型小麦完成生长发育所需总积温减少。
This paper systemically studied the population-Quality indices,young spike differentiation,grain yield,main quality indices and the resource utilization by using semi-winterness wheat with different types of gluten-Jimai 20(strong gluten),Yumai 49(middle gluten),Zhengmai 004(weak gluten),and weak springness wheat with different types of gluten,Zhengmai 9023(strong gluten),Yanzhan 4110(middle gluten),Yumai(weak gluten) 50.The experimentation was controlled under field conditions in 2006-2007 growing seasons by regulation of sowing date.The main results were as follows:
1 The population quality indices of different type wheat varieties with high-quality and grain yield
The results showed that the total group stems number followed the similar parabola trend.The tiller peak appeared on regreening period for semi-winterness wheat varieties under earlier and suitable sowing date.It is up to 1770×104/hm2.While the tiller peak appeared on jointing stage under later sowing ,and the group number was 1374×104/hm2.The spikes of Jimai 20,Yumai 49 and Zhengmai 004 on maturity were 785×104/hm2、683×104/hm2 and 646×104/hm2,respectively.However,the tiller peak appeared on jointing stage of weak springness wheat varieties by 1625×104/hm2,on maturity Zhengmai 9023,Yanzhan 4110 and Yumai 50 were 680×104/hm2、738104/hm2 and 640×104/hm2 ,respectively.
The trend of dry matter weight showed exponential increasing,and it had a liner ascending tendency after booting.The dry matter weight was about 20 t/hm2 on maturity of different wheat varieties.The trend of leaf area index followed a single peak curve,and the peak appeared on booting stage,The biggest leaf area index of semi-winter wheat and weak springness wheat varieties up to 8.25 and 9.03,respectively.it keep about 5.6 and 5.3 on 20d after anthesis. respectively.
The Grain weight per leaf area and grain-number per leaf area of semi-winterness wheat varieties were bigger than that of weak springness wheat varieties, The Grain weight per leaf area of semi-winterness wheat Jimai 20,Yumai 49 and Zhengmai 004 were 16.05,14.73 and 16.92,respectively.And the grain-number per leaf area was about 0.33.The Grain weight per leaf area of weak springness wheat Zhengmai 9023,Yanzhan 4110 and Yumai 50 were 12.86,13.81 and 10.76, respectively.and the grain-number per leaf area were 0.23,0.29 and 0.26,respectively.
2 The young spike differentiation of different type wheat varieties with grain yield
The results showed that:the process of different type wheat varieties exhibited a trend of“slow-fast-slow”,and the period from begin of differentiation to the glume differentiation stage was long and fast,the period from the glume differentiation stage to anther seperation stage was short and slowly.the period from anther separation to tetrad stage was long.The differentiation process of semi-winterness wheat was averaging 148d,and they were 69.7%,14.3% and 16.0%,respectively.The total accumulated temperature was 733.2℃·d～468.7℃·d,The semi-winterness wheat varieties were over winterness by single ridge stage.and the accumulated temperature of double ridge stage was rigorous,and it was about 90℃·d. The differentiation process of weak springness wheat was averaging 140d,and they were 67.0%,12.9% and 20.1%,respectively.The total accumulated temperature was 637.3℃·d～482.8℃·d,the differentiation speed of Zhengmai 9023 was faster than others,it over winter by double ridge stage under early and suitable sowing,by single ridge stage under late sowing.But by double ridge stage under early sowing,by single ridge stage under suitable and late sowing of Yanzhan 4110 and Yumai 50.
3 The grain yield and yield component of different type wheat varieties with grain yield The grain yield of three semi-winterness wheat varieties were up to 7500 kg/hm2,Significant difference were found among three varieties,the spikes of Jimai 20,Yumai 49 and Zhengmai 004 were 785×104/hm2、683×104/ hm2 and 646×104/hm2,respectively.The kernels per spike of Zhengmai 004 was higher than that of Jimai 20 and Yumai 49 by 11.9 and 13.5 percentage point, respectively.The 1000-kernel weight of Yumai 49 was heavier than that of Jimai 20 and Zhengmai 004 by 7.63g and 6.55g,respectively.
The grain yield of three weak springness wheat varieties were lower than semi-winterness wheat varieties,and Yanzhan 4110>Zhengmai 9023>Yumai 50.The difference were significant among the varieties,the spikes number of Yanzhan 4110 was most,The kernels per spike of Yumai 50 was higher than that of Zhengmai 9023 and Yanzhan 4110 by 27.92 and 7.52 percentage point,respectively.The 1000-kernel weight of Zhengmai 9023 was heavier than that of Yanzhan 4110 and Yumai 50,respectively.
4 The nutrition quality and pasting properties and the flour end-use quality of different type wheat varieties with high-quality and grain yield.
The results indicated that:the starch content and its components decreased with the stronger of gluten,the protein content increased,the lysine content of semi-winterness wheat was higher than that of weak springness wheat,averaging 11.2%.The starch content of weak springness wheat was higher than that of semi-winterness wheat.The starch content and its components increased of semi-winterness wheat Jimai 20 and Yumai 49 with the postpone of sowing date, while they first increased then decreased of Zhengmai 004,weak gluten.It was not benfit for starch accumulation under early and late sowing.The falling number decreased with the lower of gluten,and that of strong gluten was higer than weak gluten by 36.97 percentage point.The unit weight of different gluten wheat varieties were about 800g/L.
The pasting properties of strong and middle gluten had little difference,Peak viscosity,trough and final viscosity was about 1400BU,1200BU和1700BU.and they were higher than that of weak gluten varieties(parameters were about 1000BU,850BU,1400BU).The setback and break down showed little difference during different gluten. The effects on pasting parameters of strong and middle gluten were little,but Peak viscosity, trough and final viscosity was increased significantly of weak gluten Zhengmai 004 under early and late sowing.
The trends of both farinograph and extensograph parameters except degree of softening showed that,strong gluten>middle gluten>weak gluten.The sowing dates had significant effects on flour nutrition quality and processing quality.The results showed that,early sowing could increased farinograph and extensograph parameter,dreased softening,improved the end-use quality of Jimai 20,while suitable sowing date would improve the end-use quality of middle gluten Yumai 49,late sowing would improve the end-use quality of Zhengmai 004. It indicated that suitable sowing date would improve the end-use quality of weak springness wheat varieties with strong gluten Zhengmai 9023.and weak gluten 50,Both farinograph and extensograph parameter of middle gluten Yanzhan 4110 decreased with the postpone of sowing date.
5 The resource utilization rate of of different type wheat varieties with grain yield The results indicated that,the water use efficiency of different wheat varieties was about 19,the water consuming amount during the whole stage was first decreased then increased,the water use efficiency first increased then decreased with the postpone of sowing date.The effect on total accumulated temperature during the whole stage of semi-winterness wheat varieties was not significant,it ranged from 1924℃·d to 2192℃·d,But the effect of weak springness wheat varieties was big, it ranged from 1750℃·d to 2010℃·d,The total accumulated temperature of semi-winterness wheat was higher by 200℃·d than weak springness wheat, and the variance mainly concentrated on that before overwintering,and the difference was not significant after booting stage.The total accumulated temperature decreased with the postpone of sowing date.
引文
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