大型变速恒频风电系统的最大风能追踪控制研究
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摘要
电能是当今社会发展必不可少的条件,它作为一种应用最广泛和最方便的二次能源,有力的促进了社会生产力水平和人们生活水平的提高。电力工业在日新月异的发展,电力系统的容量都在不断的增长,电力新技术也层出不穷。
煤炭、石油、铀矿等矿物资源将在不到200年的时间内枯竭。而太阳能、潮汐能、生物质能等新能源还不具备规模化、商业化开发利用条件。而今风力发电技术由于无污染、施工周期短、投资灵活、占地少、造价低等特点,已受到世界各国的高度重视。随着风力发电技术的不断发展,风电机组制造成本和项目开发成本的不断降低,发展风力发电是大势所趋。
为了提高效率和发电效益,现代风力系统不断向大型化和变速变桨矩方向发展。兆瓦级风力机已经成为国际风电市场上的主流产品。而我国对风电系统的研究大部分针对中小型容量的系统,关于兆瓦级风电机组的研究还处于起步阶段。由于大容量风电系统的物理实验成本太高,因此对大型变速风电系统的仿真和控制研究就显得经济而有效。
本文基于MATLAB的SIMULINK建立了以双馈电机为发电机的大型变速恒频风电系统的整体动态数学模型,该模型包括风机、传动齿轮、发电机、控制器四部分。并对最大风能追踪控制策略进行了研究
为提高风力发电系统的效率,低风速下,变速恒频风电系统通过控制发电机的输出功率或转速跟随最大功率曲线或发电机转速最优曲线实现不同风速下最大风能的捕获。传统的“最大风能捕获”算法往往基于最优功率曲线和部分风机参数已知,当上述参数未知或出现扰动时,风电系统的效率会严重降低。针对此不足,本文设计了“变步长最大风能捕获控制器”,该控制器采用矢量控制算法,实现了发电机输出有功和无功功率的解耦控制;针对有功功率控制,控制器根据发电机输出转速扰动时,相应输出有功功率的变化“变步长”地调整系统输入,直到系统运行到最大风能点。仿真结果表明,“变步长最大风能捕获控制器”不依赖于最优功率曲线和风机参数,收敛速度快,可以迅速实现“最大风能追踪”控制,具有一定的应用价值。
Energy is essential to the development of today's society may be less of it as a use of the most extensive and most convenient secondary energy, the promotion of a strong level of social productive forces and people's standard of living improved. The power industry in the rapid development of power system capacity in the continuing growth of the power of new technology has endless.
Coal, oil, uranium ore and other mineral resources are in less than 200 years time depleted. While solar energy, tidal energy, biomass energy and other new energy not have scale, commercial exploitation and utilization conditions. Today wind power because of non-polluting technologies, shortening the construction period, investment flexibility, small footprint, low cost, has been the world's attention. With wind power technology continues to evolve, the wind power unit manufacturing costs and project development cost has increased and the development of wind power is the general trend.
To enhance efficiency and the efficiency of power generation, modern wind systems to keep large and variable speed propeller Moment direction. Megawatt wind machine has become an international wind power on the market mainstream. China, the wind power system against the majority of small and medium-capacity systems, on-megawatt wind turbine group research is still at the fledgling stage. As large-capacity wind power systems physics experiment too costly but difficult to implement, the speed of large wind power system modeling and simulation is very important.
Many in the computer simulation software, Dynamic Simulation System for the design and development of strategies to provide a direct, convenient, interactive graphical integrated simulation environment, access to a vast number of engineering staff of all ages.
Based on the simulation is to establish a doubly-fed machine for large generators VSCF wind power systems as a whole dynamic mathematical model that includes Fan, transmission gear, generators, controller of four parts.
Wind power to raise the efficiency of the system, low wind speed, VSCF wind power generating systems through the control of the output power or speed curve with the maximum power generators or speed to achieve optimal curve under different maximum wind speed of the capture. The traditional "largest wind energy acquisition" are often based on the optimal algorithm for the power curve and some fan known parameters, these parameters unknown or disturbed, wind power system efficiency will be severely reduced. To address the shortage, the paper design of "variable step-largest wind energy capture controller," the controller using vector control algorithm to achieve the generator output active and reactive power decoupling control; Against active power control, the controller under generator output speed disturbance, the corresponding output meritorious work rate changes "step change" to adjust to import system until system operation to the largest wind power points. Simulation results indicate that the "variable step-largest wind energy capture controller" is not dependent on the power curve and the optimal parameters fan, convergence speed and the ability to quickly achieve "maximum wind tracking" control, with a certain value.
煤炭、石油、铀矿等矿物资源将在不到200年的时间内枯竭。而太阳能、潮汐能、生物质能等新能源还不具备规模化、商业化开发利用条件。而今风力发电技术由于无污染、施工周期短、投资灵活、占地少、造价低等特点,已受到世界各国的高度重视。随着风力发电技术的不断发展,风电机组制造成本和项目开发成本的不断降低,发展风力发电是大势所趋。
为了提高效率和发电效益,现代风力系统不断向大型化和变速变桨矩方向发展。兆瓦级风力机已经成为国际风电市场上的主流产品。而我国对风电系统的研究大部分针对中小型容量的系统,关于兆瓦级风电机组的研究还处于起步阶段。由于大容量风电系统的物理实验成本太高,因此对大型变速风电系统的仿真和控制研究就显得经济而有效。
本文基于MATLAB的SIMULINK建立了以双馈电机为发电机的大型变速恒频风电系统的整体动态数学模型,该模型包括风机、传动齿轮、发电机、控制器四部分。并对最大风能追踪控制策略进行了研究
为提高风力发电系统的效率,低风速下,变速恒频风电系统通过控制发电机的输出功率或转速跟随最大功率曲线或发电机转速最优曲线实现不同风速下最大风能的捕获。传统的“最大风能捕获”算法往往基于最优功率曲线和部分风机参数已知,当上述参数未知或出现扰动时,风电系统的效率会严重降低。针对此不足,本文设计了“变步长最大风能捕获控制器”,该控制器采用矢量控制算法,实现了发电机输出有功和无功功率的解耦控制;针对有功功率控制,控制器根据发电机输出转速扰动时,相应输出有功功率的变化“变步长”地调整系统输入,直到系统运行到最大风能点。仿真结果表明,“变步长最大风能捕获控制器”不依赖于最优功率曲线和风机参数,收敛速度快,可以迅速实现“最大风能追踪”控制,具有一定的应用价值。
Energy is essential to the development of today's society may be less of it as a use of the most extensive and most convenient secondary energy, the promotion of a strong level of social productive forces and people's standard of living improved. The power industry in the rapid development of power system capacity in the continuing growth of the power of new technology has endless.
Coal, oil, uranium ore and other mineral resources are in less than 200 years time depleted. While solar energy, tidal energy, biomass energy and other new energy not have scale, commercial exploitation and utilization conditions. Today wind power because of non-polluting technologies, shortening the construction period, investment flexibility, small footprint, low cost, has been the world's attention. With wind power technology continues to evolve, the wind power unit manufacturing costs and project development cost has increased and the development of wind power is the general trend.
To enhance efficiency and the efficiency of power generation, modern wind systems to keep large and variable speed propeller Moment direction. Megawatt wind machine has become an international wind power on the market mainstream. China, the wind power system against the majority of small and medium-capacity systems, on-megawatt wind turbine group research is still at the fledgling stage. As large-capacity wind power systems physics experiment too costly but difficult to implement, the speed of large wind power system modeling and simulation is very important.
Many in the computer simulation software, Dynamic Simulation System for the design and development of strategies to provide a direct, convenient, interactive graphical integrated simulation environment, access to a vast number of engineering staff of all ages.
Based on the simulation is to establish a doubly-fed machine for large generators VSCF wind power systems as a whole dynamic mathematical model that includes Fan, transmission gear, generators, controller of four parts.
Wind power to raise the efficiency of the system, low wind speed, VSCF wind power generating systems through the control of the output power or speed curve with the maximum power generators or speed to achieve optimal curve under different maximum wind speed of the capture. The traditional "largest wind energy acquisition" are often based on the optimal algorithm for the power curve and some fan known parameters, these parameters unknown or disturbed, wind power system efficiency will be severely reduced. To address the shortage, the paper design of "variable step-largest wind energy capture controller," the controller using vector control algorithm to achieve the generator output active and reactive power decoupling control; Against active power control, the controller under generator output speed disturbance, the corresponding output meritorious work rate changes "step change" to adjust to import system until system operation to the largest wind power points. Simulation results indicate that the "variable step-largest wind energy capture controller" is not dependent on the power curve and the optimal parameters fan, convergence speed and the ability to quickly achieve "maximum wind tracking" control, with a certain value.
引文
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[5]宫靖远,贺得馨,孙如林,吴运东.风电场工程技术手册.北京:机械工业出版社2004.4
[6]高绪明.变速恒频双馈发电机的运行控制特性的仿真与实验研究.[硕士学位论文],南宁:广西大学,电气工程学院,2007
[7]苑国锋,李永东.变频技术在变速恒频异步风力发电系统中的应用.变频世界,2005年9月
[8]吴小杰,柴建云,王祥珩.变速恒频风力发电系统交流励磁综述.电力系统自动化,2004,28(23)
[9]马洪飞,徐殿国,苗立杰.几种变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的对比分析.电工技术杂志,2000(10):1-4
[10]潘再平.风力发电中的变速恒频技术.能源工程,1993(2):18-22
[11]倪受元.磁场调制型变速恒频发电机三相功率系统的研究.《太阳能学报》,1988,9(3)
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[13]倪受元.采用磁场调制发电机的变速恒频风力发电系统.《太阳能学报》,1981,2(4)
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[16]张宏立.大型变速恒戚力发电机控制原理的研究.[硕士学位论文],新疆:新疆大学控制理论与控制工程,2000
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