厌氧—好氧工艺处理高低浓度乳品废水试验研究
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摘要
目前，国内外对于乳品废水的处理主要采用的技术路线为物理化学法、全好氧生化处理工艺和厌氧-好氧联合生化处理工艺，但这些工艺的设计参数大多是借鉴其他相似废水的研究成果或运行成果而选取的。通过对乳品废水水质情况分析，根据乳品废水的特点，试验采用水解酸化-好氧工艺处理低浓度乳品废水，采用水解酸化-UASB-SBR处理高浓度乳品废水，并进行了复合生物膜工艺与普通厌氧、好氧工艺对比试验，以达到最优化处理效果。
试验研究结果表明：
1复合水解酸化工艺与普通水解酸化工艺相比，能够较短的时间内完成水解酸化过程，在相同进水条件下，复合水解酸化工艺可有效提高普通水解酸化工艺处理效率15％左右；生物接触氧化法加强了活性污泥法对CODcr的去除效果，有效的抑制住污泥膨胀，与普通活性污泥工艺相比，对CODcr去除效率提高30％以上，且对总氮及氨氮均有很好的去除效果，对总氮的去除效果可提高5～30％。低浓度乳品废水经复合水解酸化工艺初步处理后，再经过生物接触氧化工艺处理后，可达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准，且出水水质稳定，波动性小。
2在处理高浓度乳品废水的试验研究中，通过对UASB的CODcr去除效果分析，研究了有机负荷率OLR与CODcr去除率，出水挥发性脂肪酸VFA与pH值，碱度与氨氮等系列关系；得出了SBR池CODcr浓度变化与溶解氧变化规律及CODcr去除率与氨氮去除率的对应关系，试验结果表明SBR池对CODcr去除率较高，并确定SBR池的最佳反应时间，得出并通过Monod方程确定SBR池有机物降解速率常数变化曲线。以水解酸化-UASB-SBR处理高浓度乳品废水，出水各项指标均可达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准。
综合研究和试验结果表明：采用复合生物膜工艺处理低浓度乳品废水，与原工艺相比，可有效提高污水的去除效率30％左右，并能够降低出水污染物浓度，同时减少污水处理费用；采用水解酸化-UASB-SBR处理高浓度乳品废水，该工艺对不同种类的高浓度有机废水具有较强的适应性，对废水中CODcr、BOD_5和SS等具有较好的去除效果，为以后更多品种的高浓度可生化性好的有机废水处理提供了参考和借鉴。
At present, the physical chemical processing, absolute aerobic processing and anaerobic- aerobic processing are used to most of dairy wastewater treatment in China, but the design parameters were adopted results of experiment and operation in other similar wastewater treatment. By analysis in water quality of dairy wastewater, basic on the characteristic of high and low concentration, respectively adopt on different treatment process. The low concentration dairy wastewater was treated by hydrolyze-acidification and aerobic processing; he high concentration dairy wastewater was treated by hydrolyze-UASB-SBR processing; and the hybrid biologic reactor and tradition anaerobic, aerobic processing was compared, for the optimization of treatment effect.
The results of experiment were shown as follow:
1 At contrastive experiment of hybrid and common in treatment of low concentration dairy wastewater, the hybrid hydrolyze- acidification has more effective in removal of CODcr than common hydrolyze- acidification, and can complete the process of hydrolyze- acidification in shorter remainder time, make the VFA reach the max. At the same raw water quality, the hybrid can increase treatment efficiency about 15% than common. The hybrid biologic reactor has heightened the removal of CODcr, controlled the sludge expand, it can increase treatment efficiency about 30%, and has more effect in removal of TN and NH4-N, it can increase removal of TN about 5～30%. The low concentration dairy wastewater was treatment by hybrid hydrolyze- acidification and hybrid biologic reactor, the effluent was conform to the Second Grade of the National Standard for Wastewater Discharge (GB 8978-1996).
2 In the treatment of high concentration dairy wastewater with hydrolyze-UASB-SBR, the relation of OLR and CODcr removal, VFA and pH, alkalinity and NH4-N have been investigated, the product, settlement and active of granule sludge have been analyzed; In SBR, the corresponding relation of CODcr removal and DO, NH4-N have been described, the result indicated that SBR has more removal efficiency about CODcr, confirm the optimal reaction time and degradation velocity constant in SBR.
The result show that: In the treatment of low concentration dairy wastewater with hybrid biologic reactor, the removal efficiency can be enhanced about 30%, and can reduce the concentration of contamination .The craftwork of hydrolyze-UASB-SBR for high concentration dairy wastewater is feasible; the effluent was conform to the First Grade of the National Standard for Wastewater Discharge (GB 8978-1996). And the craftwork is more adaptability for other high concentration organic wastewater; it has the good effect for removal of COD_(cr), BOD_5 and SS and provided the reference for similar wastewater.
试验研究结果表明：
1复合水解酸化工艺与普通水解酸化工艺相比，能够较短的时间内完成水解酸化过程，在相同进水条件下，复合水解酸化工艺可有效提高普通水解酸化工艺处理效率15％左右；生物接触氧化法加强了活性污泥法对CODcr的去除效果，有效的抑制住污泥膨胀，与普通活性污泥工艺相比，对CODcr去除效率提高30％以上，且对总氮及氨氮均有很好的去除效果，对总氮的去除效果可提高5～30％。低浓度乳品废水经复合水解酸化工艺初步处理后，再经过生物接触氧化工艺处理后，可达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准，且出水水质稳定，波动性小。
2在处理高浓度乳品废水的试验研究中，通过对UASB的CODcr去除效果分析，研究了有机负荷率OLR与CODcr去除率，出水挥发性脂肪酸VFA与pH值，碱度与氨氮等系列关系；得出了SBR池CODcr浓度变化与溶解氧变化规律及CODcr去除率与氨氮去除率的对应关系，试验结果表明SBR池对CODcr去除率较高，并确定SBR池的最佳反应时间，得出并通过Monod方程确定SBR池有机物降解速率常数变化曲线。以水解酸化-UASB-SBR处理高浓度乳品废水，出水各项指标均可达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准。
综合研究和试验结果表明：采用复合生物膜工艺处理低浓度乳品废水，与原工艺相比，可有效提高污水的去除效率30％左右，并能够降低出水污染物浓度，同时减少污水处理费用；采用水解酸化-UASB-SBR处理高浓度乳品废水，该工艺对不同种类的高浓度有机废水具有较强的适应性，对废水中CODcr、BOD_5和SS等具有较好的去除效果，为以后更多品种的高浓度可生化性好的有机废水处理提供了参考和借鉴。
At present, the physical chemical processing, absolute aerobic processing and anaerobic- aerobic processing are used to most of dairy wastewater treatment in China, but the design parameters were adopted results of experiment and operation in other similar wastewater treatment. By analysis in water quality of dairy wastewater, basic on the characteristic of high and low concentration, respectively adopt on different treatment process. The low concentration dairy wastewater was treated by hydrolyze-acidification and aerobic processing; he high concentration dairy wastewater was treated by hydrolyze-UASB-SBR processing; and the hybrid biologic reactor and tradition anaerobic, aerobic processing was compared, for the optimization of treatment effect.
The results of experiment were shown as follow:
1 At contrastive experiment of hybrid and common in treatment of low concentration dairy wastewater, the hybrid hydrolyze- acidification has more effective in removal of CODcr than common hydrolyze- acidification, and can complete the process of hydrolyze- acidification in shorter remainder time, make the VFA reach the max. At the same raw water quality, the hybrid can increase treatment efficiency about 15% than common. The hybrid biologic reactor has heightened the removal of CODcr, controlled the sludge expand, it can increase treatment efficiency about 30%, and has more effect in removal of TN and NH4-N, it can increase removal of TN about 5～30%. The low concentration dairy wastewater was treatment by hybrid hydrolyze- acidification and hybrid biologic reactor, the effluent was conform to the Second Grade of the National Standard for Wastewater Discharge (GB 8978-1996).
2 In the treatment of high concentration dairy wastewater with hydrolyze-UASB-SBR, the relation of OLR and CODcr removal, VFA and pH, alkalinity and NH4-N have been investigated, the product, settlement and active of granule sludge have been analyzed; In SBR, the corresponding relation of CODcr removal and DO, NH4-N have been described, the result indicated that SBR has more removal efficiency about CODcr, confirm the optimal reaction time and degradation velocity constant in SBR.
The result show that: In the treatment of low concentration dairy wastewater with hybrid biologic reactor, the removal efficiency can be enhanced about 30%, and can reduce the concentration of contamination .The craftwork of hydrolyze-UASB-SBR for high concentration dairy wastewater is feasible; the effluent was conform to the First Grade of the National Standard for Wastewater Discharge (GB 8978-1996). And the craftwork is more adaptability for other high concentration organic wastewater; it has the good effect for removal of COD_(cr), BOD_5 and SS and provided the reference for similar wastewater.
引文
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