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成都市关口水库右岸邻谷渗漏分析
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摘要
水库渗漏是水库建设中常见的地质问题之一。影响水库渗漏的因素很多,诸如地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、岩溶发育程度和水文地质条件等。其中,最关键的两个因素是由库区的地质构造和地层岩性等决定的渗漏通道,以及由水文地质条件等决定的水动力条件,构成水库渗漏的充分必要条件。通常情况下,水库的渗漏通道是指存在沟通水库内外的强渗透介质,最为常见的是岩溶含水介质,以及断层破碎带、古河道等,而人为活动(如采煤井巷、隧道工程、勘探井孔等)形成的通道则较为少见。水库渗漏的水动力条件是指水库与邻谷、以及其间的地下分水岭之间的水动力关系,当水库蓄水高程超越地下分水岭高程时,水库发生渗漏的水动力条件这一充分条件亦成立。
     拟建的关口水库库区位于成都平原北部边缘低山区,建好后将作为成都市的后备水源。水库建在沱江水系的湔江干流上游河段,库区河谷开阔,岸坡地形坡度较缓。由于库区左岸多为高大雄厚的山体,发生的渗漏的可能性很小,本文主要讨论了库区右岸的渗漏。首先分析了库区右岸水库渗漏的基本条件,在天然条件下顺层发育的裂隙含水层构成了潜在的渗漏通道,而煤矿开采后的井下巷道形成了典型的人为活动渗漏通道。而且水库蓄水后库水位和库区内的煤矿、邻谷煤矿开采水平之间存在一个巨大的水头差,因而可以认为产生水库渗漏的水动力条件也是存在的。因此水库渗漏通道和水动力条件都成立;进而分析了水库渗漏的基本模式以及相关的处理措施,对于右岸单薄垭口和煤矿对水库渗漏的影响做了具体详细的分析;最后,利用Visual Modflow软件建立了符合实际情况的三维地下水流模型,实现了库区右岸在水库蓄水前后煤矿开采情况下以及水库蓄水后煤矿(主要是跃进煤矿)不开采情况下地下水流场变化的模拟,得出了研究区在不同时间段、不同情况下的地下水流场图。在此基础上,通过对不同时间和情况下的地下水流场的模拟,研究了区内在煤矿开采前后及水库蓄水后地下水位的变化情况,为研究区内煤矿在未来的水库蓄水后的排水通道和制定防治水措施提供了科学的依据,同时也为将要修建的关口水库右岸邻谷的渗漏影响评价奠定了基础。
Reservoir leakage is a common problem of reservoir construction and engineering geology. Reservoir leakage is affected by a number of factors, such as topography, lithology, geological structure, karst development and hydrogeological conditions. In the most factors of influencing reservoir leakage, two of the most crucial factors is the leakage passageway in the project area decided by the geological structure and lithology and hydrodynamic conditions decided by hydrogeology. Normally, the reservoir is leaking channels of communication exist within and outside the strong reservoir permeability media, is the most common medium of karst aquifers and fractured fault zone, ancient river, and human activities (such as coal mining shaft, Tunnel project, exploration bores, etc.) of the channel is very rare. Reservoir water leakage is dynamic conditions with the adjacent Valley Reservoir, as well as during the watershed between the underground water power, When the reservoir water elevation beyond the underground watershed elevation, Reservoir leakage of the hydrodynamic conditions of the full terms and conditions are set up.
     The Guan kou reservoir locates in the northern edge of the Chengdu Plain at the low mountains, will be completed as a backup water source of Chengdu .Reservoir built On the Jian Jiang River upper reaches of Tuojiang water system, open valley area, the terrain slopes gentler slope. Because most of the left bank of the reservoir area are tall mountains, the possibility of leakage is small, This paper discusses the right bank of the reservoir leakage. First, we analyzed the basic leakage conditions,Under natural conditions in bedding development of the unconfined aquifer constitutes a natural channel leakage, coal mining and underground roadway after the formation of artificial channel leakage. After the dam water level and the level of coal mining between the head of a huge difference. This reservoir leakage of the hydrodynamic conditions, the reservoir channel leakage power and water conditions have been established; Reservoir then expounded the basic pattern of leakage and related treatment, on the right bank of thin Yakou and coal reservoir leakage of the influence of the detailed analysis; Finally, used the current prevailing international software Visual Modflow to build a realistic three-dimensional model of groundwater flow type, Implementation of the right bank of the reservoir area before and after the reservoir was filled, where coal mining and coal mine after water storage reservoirs is not exploitation of groundwater flow changes in the simulation of the study area at different times, under different circumstances groundwater flow graph. On this basis, through different times and circumstances of groundwater flow simulation, of coal mining in the region before and after the reservoir was filled, the water table changes, Mine study area for the future of water after the drainage channel and the development of measures to control water and provides a scientific basis, also for the construction of the gateway to the right bank of the reservoir Valley leakage effects laid the foundation for evaluation.
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