水沙分离鳃结构优化及分离机理试验研究
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摘要
我国是世界上河流泥沙问题最严重的国家。特别是华北、西北和新疆的河流,含沙量高而且泥沙颗粒细。给城市给水、工业给水和农村给水造成了巨大的能耗和负担。但这样的高含沙水又是西北很多地区唯一可以利用的水源。因此对高含沙浑水的水沙分离问题的研究就显得非常重要。本论文研究的“垂向异重流式水沙分离鳃”就是一种针对高含沙水的绿色环保装置。与传统方法相比该装置有以下优点:利用“分离鳃”分离水沙获得清水无须添加任何化学药剂,安全环保;泥沙在“分离鳃”中的沉降速度是泥沙在静态下沉降速度的1.9~3.7倍,与加化学药剂(絮凝剂)进行水沙分离的速度相近。该“分离鳃”可用于自来水厂对浑水进行预处理及灌区水源中的泥沙分离,对环境保护及加速喷、滴灌等先进节水技术的推广应用具有重要作用。
本论文首先通过物理模型试验对“分离鳃”水沙分离机理进行研究;其次对“分离鳃”进行了结构优化研究。
通过试验研究分析,初步揭示了“分离鳃”可以快速进行水沙分离的机理;搞清了“分离鳃”中鳃片的型式对水沙分离效率的影响,并以此为依据对“分离鳃”进行了结构优化。
该论文研究成果为后续研究提供了结构型式经优化的“分离鳃”。同时也为“分离鳃”以后的推广应用提供了可靠的理论依据。
There are the most serious sediment disaster of many rivers in China.Especially the rivers in the North China、northwest China and Xinjiang province.These rivers have the characteristics of high sediment concentration and the sediment particle diameter is very small. It is very difficult and need much energy to use the water for city、industry and agriculture.This high sediment concentration water is the only one source in many area in northwest China. So it is very importent to research how to separate water and sediment in the high sediment concentration water.The“vertical-component density flow water-sediment separation device”is an environmental protection device that aim at the high sediment concentration water.Compare with the traditional method this device has two excellence:①use this device to separate water and sediment need no chemical medicament;②in this device sediment goes down quickly--1.9~3.7 times than common device.The speed is as quickly as use chemical medicament. This device can pretreatment high sediment concentration water in waterworks or flooding area.It is very important for protect circumstance ,drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.
In this paper, physical model experiment studies is used to research the basic rule of separate water and sediment.And then research which is the structural optimization of the device.
Through the further research on the topic, the achievements were obtained as follows:①The basic rule of water-sediment separation in the device;②Open out influence of the different type of the gill-piece in the device to water- sediment separation efficiency;③discovered structural optimization of the device.
Its findings can provide the device,which is structural optimization for the following study and the theory basis for popularization and application of the“vertical-component density flow water-sediment separation device”.
本论文首先通过物理模型试验对“分离鳃”水沙分离机理进行研究;其次对“分离鳃”进行了结构优化研究。
通过试验研究分析,初步揭示了“分离鳃”可以快速进行水沙分离的机理;搞清了“分离鳃”中鳃片的型式对水沙分离效率的影响,并以此为依据对“分离鳃”进行了结构优化。
该论文研究成果为后续研究提供了结构型式经优化的“分离鳃”。同时也为“分离鳃”以后的推广应用提供了可靠的理论依据。
There are the most serious sediment disaster of many rivers in China.Especially the rivers in the North China、northwest China and Xinjiang province.These rivers have the characteristics of high sediment concentration and the sediment particle diameter is very small. It is very difficult and need much energy to use the water for city、industry and agriculture.This high sediment concentration water is the only one source in many area in northwest China. So it is very importent to research how to separate water and sediment in the high sediment concentration water.The“vertical-component density flow water-sediment separation device”is an environmental protection device that aim at the high sediment concentration water.Compare with the traditional method this device has two excellence:①use this device to separate water and sediment need no chemical medicament;②in this device sediment goes down quickly--1.9~3.7 times than common device.The speed is as quickly as use chemical medicament. This device can pretreatment high sediment concentration water in waterworks or flooding area.It is very important for protect circumstance ,drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.
In this paper, physical model experiment studies is used to research the basic rule of separate water and sediment.And then research which is the structural optimization of the device.
Through the further research on the topic, the achievements were obtained as follows:①The basic rule of water-sediment separation in the device;②Open out influence of the different type of the gill-piece in the device to water- sediment separation efficiency;③discovered structural optimization of the device.
Its findings can provide the device,which is structural optimization for the following study and the theory basis for popularization and application of the“vertical-component density flow water-sediment separation device”.
引文
[1]王尚毅.细颗粒泥沙在静水中的沉淀运动[J].水利学报,1964(5).
[2] EINSTEIN,H.A.and KRONE,K.B.Experiment to Determine Modes of Cohesive Sediment Transport in Salt Water[J].Journal of Geoph.Research,Vol.67,No.4,1962,p1451
[3] RONY WANACH et al. A physically based model for predicting solute transfer from soil solution to rainfall-indwed runoff[J]. Water Resources Reseach,Vol.26,No.9,p 1900
[4]俞亚南,叶培纶.蓄泥库泥沙群体沉降速度研究[J].水利学报,2001 (10): 19-23
[5]陈洪松,邵明安.Nacl对细颗粒泥沙静水絮凝沉降动力模式的影响[J].水利学报,2002(8):63-67
[6]陈洪松,邵明安.Cacl2对细颗粒泥沙静水絮凝沉降的影响[J].水土保持学报,2000(6):46-49
[7]陈洪松,邵明安.Agcl3对细颗粒泥沙絮凝沉降的影响[J].水科学进展,2001(12):445-459
[8]陈洪松,邵明安.有机质、Cacl2和Mgcl2对细颗粒泥沙絮凝沉降的影响[J].中国环境科学,2001,21(5):395-398
[9]陈洪松,邵明安.Nacl对细颗粒泥沙静水絮凝沉降影响初探[J].土壤学报,2001(2):131-134
[10]陈洪松,邵明安.细颗粒泥沙的絮凝沉降特性[J].土壤通报,2002(10):356-359
[11]张德茹,梁志勇.不均匀细颗粒泥沙粒径对絮凝的影响试验研究[J].水利水运科学研究,1994(Z/1):11-17
[12]关许为,陈英祖.长江口泥沙絮凝静水沉降动力学模式的试验研究[J].海洋工程,1995,13(1):46-50
[13]黄建维.粘性泥沙在静水中沉降特性的试验研究[J].泥沙研究,1981(2):30-40
[14]李嘉,赵文谦,罗麟等.计算泥沙颗粒在沉沙池中运动的新方法[J].水利学报,1994,11
[15]H.S.Coe,G.H.Clevenger.Method for Determining the capacities of slime-sittling Tanks,Transaction of the Am.Institue of Mining Engineer,Vol.lv(1916)p365-384
[16]Richardson.J.F.Sedimentation and Fluidisation.The Sedimentation of Uniform FineParticles and of Two-Component Mixturesof Solids,rans.Instn.Chem.Engrs,Vol.39,No.5,1961,p348-356
[17]李圭白.高浑浊水的动水浓缩规律和自然沉淀池的计算方法[J] .土木工程学报,1964,1
[18]王保全.黄河中游高浊度水的取水与净化[J].给水排水,1995,3
[19]Gordon,R.et al,Saltation of plastic Balls in’One-Dimension’Flume.Water Res.Vol.8,No.2,1972.
[20]Luque,R.F.et al,Erosion and Transport of Bed load sediment.J.Hydr.Res,Vol.14,No.2,1976, p 127-144
[21]Abbott , J.E.et al , Saltation and Suspension Trajietories of Solid Grains in a water stream.Phil.Trans.R.Soc.Lond,Vol.284,1977,p225-254
[22]White,B.R.et al,Magnus Effeet in Saltation .J.Fluid Mech,Vol.81,1977,p497-512
[23]Murphy,P .J. et al,Saltation in Water Dynamics .J. Hydr.Engr.Asce,Vol.108,No.11. 1982.
[24]Tsujimoto , T.et al , Saltation and Suspension , Third International Sympcsium on River Sedimentation.The University of Mississippi,March 3-April 4,1986.
[25]惠遇甲,胡春宏.水流中颗粒跃移的运动学特征[J].水利学报,1991,12
[26]吴华林,沈焕庭,李中伟.泥沙颗粒沉降变加速运动研究[J].海洋工程,2000,18(1):44-49
[27]吴华林,张小锋,段文忠.非粘性均匀沙群体沉降研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1996,29(1):85-89
[28]吴华林,张小蜂,段文忠.泥沙群体沉速计算及其应用[J].长江科学院院报,1998,15(3)
[29]郭选英,曾芹.非均匀颗粒群体沉速试验方法的分析[J].泥沙研究,2000,(3):68-71
[30]陕西省水利科学研究所河渠研究室,清华大学水利工程系泥沙研究室合编.水库泥沙[M].水利电力出版社,1979.
[31]钱宁,范家骅.异重流[M].水利出版社,1957.
[32]赵文林.黄河泥沙[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2004.
[33]张俊华,陈书奎等.小浪底水库拦沙初期泥沙输移及河床变形研究[J].水利学报,2007(9):1085-1089
[34]王光谦,方红卫.异重流运动基本方程[J].科学通报,1996(9):1715-1720
[35]邱秀云,龚守远,严跃成等.一种新型水沙分离装置的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报2007,30(1): 68-70
[36]钱宁,万兆惠.泥沙运动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[37]张瑞瑾.河流泥沙动力学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.
[38]H·范·奥尔芬(许冀泉等译).粘粒化学导论[M].北京:农业出版社,1982.
[39]刘林,陈立,王家生等.不同离子浓度下泥沙浓度对絮凝沉降的影响[J].武汉大学学报(工学版). 2002(2):29-32
[40]侯杰,周著.河流泥沙工程[M].新疆教育出版社,2002.
[41]王兴奎,邵学军,李丹勋.河流动力学基础[M].中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[42]杨立行,侯杰,郑祖国.黄河下游右岸垂直定岸降河[J].河床演变与泥沙防治——第九届全国泥沙信息网学术研讨会论文集[C].新疆人民出版社,2000:86-90
[2] EINSTEIN,H.A.and KRONE,K.B.Experiment to Determine Modes of Cohesive Sediment Transport in Salt Water[J].Journal of Geoph.Research,Vol.67,No.4,1962,p1451
[3] RONY WANACH et al. A physically based model for predicting solute transfer from soil solution to rainfall-indwed runoff[J]. Water Resources Reseach,Vol.26,No.9,p 1900
[4]俞亚南,叶培纶.蓄泥库泥沙群体沉降速度研究[J].水利学报,2001 (10): 19-23
[5]陈洪松,邵明安.Nacl对细颗粒泥沙静水絮凝沉降动力模式的影响[J].水利学报,2002(8):63-67
[6]陈洪松,邵明安.Cacl2对细颗粒泥沙静水絮凝沉降的影响[J].水土保持学报,2000(6):46-49
[7]陈洪松,邵明安.Agcl3对细颗粒泥沙絮凝沉降的影响[J].水科学进展,2001(12):445-459
[8]陈洪松,邵明安.有机质、Cacl2和Mgcl2对细颗粒泥沙絮凝沉降的影响[J].中国环境科学,2001,21(5):395-398
[9]陈洪松,邵明安.Nacl对细颗粒泥沙静水絮凝沉降影响初探[J].土壤学报,2001(2):131-134
[10]陈洪松,邵明安.细颗粒泥沙的絮凝沉降特性[J].土壤通报,2002(10):356-359
[11]张德茹,梁志勇.不均匀细颗粒泥沙粒径对絮凝的影响试验研究[J].水利水运科学研究,1994(Z/1):11-17
[12]关许为,陈英祖.长江口泥沙絮凝静水沉降动力学模式的试验研究[J].海洋工程,1995,13(1):46-50
[13]黄建维.粘性泥沙在静水中沉降特性的试验研究[J].泥沙研究,1981(2):30-40
[14]李嘉,赵文谦,罗麟等.计算泥沙颗粒在沉沙池中运动的新方法[J].水利学报,1994,11
[15]H.S.Coe,G.H.Clevenger.Method for Determining the capacities of slime-sittling Tanks,Transaction of the Am.Institue of Mining Engineer,Vol.lv(1916)p365-384
[16]Richardson.J.F.Sedimentation and Fluidisation.The Sedimentation of Uniform FineParticles and of Two-Component Mixturesof Solids,rans.Instn.Chem.Engrs,Vol.39,No.5,1961,p348-356
[17]李圭白.高浑浊水的动水浓缩规律和自然沉淀池的计算方法[J] .土木工程学报,1964,1
[18]王保全.黄河中游高浊度水的取水与净化[J].给水排水,1995,3
[19]Gordon,R.et al,Saltation of plastic Balls in’One-Dimension’Flume.Water Res.Vol.8,No.2,1972.
[20]Luque,R.F.et al,Erosion and Transport of Bed load sediment.J.Hydr.Res,Vol.14,No.2,1976, p 127-144
[21]Abbott , J.E.et al , Saltation and Suspension Trajietories of Solid Grains in a water stream.Phil.Trans.R.Soc.Lond,Vol.284,1977,p225-254
[22]White,B.R.et al,Magnus Effeet in Saltation .J.Fluid Mech,Vol.81,1977,p497-512
[23]Murphy,P .J. et al,Saltation in Water Dynamics .J. Hydr.Engr.Asce,Vol.108,No.11. 1982.
[24]Tsujimoto , T.et al , Saltation and Suspension , Third International Sympcsium on River Sedimentation.The University of Mississippi,March 3-April 4,1986.
[25]惠遇甲,胡春宏.水流中颗粒跃移的运动学特征[J].水利学报,1991,12
[26]吴华林,沈焕庭,李中伟.泥沙颗粒沉降变加速运动研究[J].海洋工程,2000,18(1):44-49
[27]吴华林,张小锋,段文忠.非粘性均匀沙群体沉降研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1996,29(1):85-89
[28]吴华林,张小蜂,段文忠.泥沙群体沉速计算及其应用[J].长江科学院院报,1998,15(3)
[29]郭选英,曾芹.非均匀颗粒群体沉速试验方法的分析[J].泥沙研究,2000,(3):68-71
[30]陕西省水利科学研究所河渠研究室,清华大学水利工程系泥沙研究室合编.水库泥沙[M].水利电力出版社,1979.
[31]钱宁,范家骅.异重流[M].水利出版社,1957.
[32]赵文林.黄河泥沙[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2004.
[33]张俊华,陈书奎等.小浪底水库拦沙初期泥沙输移及河床变形研究[J].水利学报,2007(9):1085-1089
[34]王光谦,方红卫.异重流运动基本方程[J].科学通报,1996(9):1715-1720
[35]邱秀云,龚守远,严跃成等.一种新型水沙分离装置的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报2007,30(1): 68-70
[36]钱宁,万兆惠.泥沙运动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[37]张瑞瑾.河流泥沙动力学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.
[38]H·范·奥尔芬(许冀泉等译).粘粒化学导论[M].北京:农业出版社,1982.
[39]刘林,陈立,王家生等.不同离子浓度下泥沙浓度对絮凝沉降的影响[J].武汉大学学报(工学版). 2002(2):29-32
[40]侯杰,周著.河流泥沙工程[M].新疆教育出版社,2002.
[41]王兴奎,邵学军,李丹勋.河流动力学基础[M].中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[42]杨立行,侯杰,郑祖国.黄河下游右岸垂直定岸降河[J].河床演变与泥沙防治——第九届全国泥沙信息网学术研讨会论文集[C].新疆人民出版社,2000:86-90