钢纤维混凝土的力学性能及路面工程应用研究
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摘要
钢纤维混凝土是近年来发展起来的一种新型建筑材料，是在普通混凝土中掺入适量的钢纤维而形成的可浇筑、可喷射成型的一种新型复合材料，除抗压强度外，它的各项物理力学性能都比普通混凝土有显著的改善和提高，使原属于脆性材料的混凝土变为具有一定塑性性质的复合材料，其主要工作机理是利用均匀分散的短钢纤维来改善普通混凝土的脆性。在受力过程中，短钢纤维发挥其抗拉强度高，而混凝土发挥其抗压强度高的各自优势，从而使其具有优良的抗裂、抗弯、耐疲劳、耐磨耗、韧性高等力学性能，在公路路面、机场道面及建筑结构的应用上有着广阔的前景。
本文通过对国内外当前关于钢纤维混凝土的应用及理论分析，基于钢纤维混凝土基本理论，精心选择原材料，精心设计，筛选适用于路面结构的钢纤维混凝土配合比，结合工程实践对钢纤维混凝土路面力学性能及路面应用进行了较为系统的研究。主要研究成果如下：
1．在选择了合理的配合比基础上，通过对320块试件的试验和理论分析，研究了钢纤维体积率的变化对抗压、劈拉、抗折以及弯曲韧性等力学性能的影响及变化规律，由不同分层试件的试验结果，探讨了钢纤维混凝土的分层高度对劈拉、抗折等强度影响，为钢纤维混凝土的路面结构设计提供了可靠的依据。
2．对钢纤维的类型以及在混凝土中的形态进行描述与分析，探讨了钢纤维混凝土的增强、破坏及抗裂机理。
3．根据试验结论，并依据水泥混凝土路面设计方法，得出了适合于单层式钢纤维混凝土和复合式钢纤维混凝土路面的设计理论、设计方法和步骤。
4．把此结构设计应用于工程实际，并结合试验路的铺筑，探讨了钢纤维混凝土路面的施工工艺及路用效果，以促进钢纤维混凝土的推广应用。
5．本文所提出的路面结构避免了沥青路面和普通混凝土路面易出现的缺点和不足。论文利用静态和动态的分析方法，对沥青路面、普通水泥混凝土路面、钢纤维混凝土路面以及钢纤维与普通混凝土复合路面进行经济分析比较，得出了复合式路面比其它几种路面更为经济、合理的结论。如采用本路面结构可节省原材料，节约资金，提前工期和延长路面寿命。
The Steel fiber-reinforced concrete is a kind of new structural material and is a kind of new compound material that is formed by adding the proper amount of steel fibers into ordinary concrete recently. It can be poured and can be ejected to form some shapes. It has better physical mechanics properties than ordinary concrete except crushing resistance . It can make ordinary concrete that is a kind of brittle material be changed to a kind of compound material that has better plasticity. Its main working mechanism is to improve the brittleness of ordinary concrete by using short fibers that are scattered equably. Because short fibers have higher dragging resistance and ordinary concrete has higher crushing strength in the process of stressing, every technical property of fiber-reinforced concrete is improved greatly. Accordingly fiber-reinforced concrete has better stressing properties such as crack resistance , bending resistance , anti-fatigue, anti-friction and high toughness. So it has brilliant future in
highway surface, road surface of aerodrome and architectural construction.
At first the application and theory of fiber- reinforced concrete at home and at abroad is analyzed in this paper. Then based on the basic theories of fiber-reinforce concrete. Original materials are selected carefully and mix proportion of fiber-reinforced concrete which is suitable for road construction is designed and filtered carefully. Mechanical properties and pavement application of The Steel fiber-reinforced concrete is studied in details by combining engineering practice. The main research outputs of this paper are as follows:
l.Baed on the choosing rational mix proportion, the influence of changing volume proportion of steel fiber on mechanical properties such as crushing resistance, splitting resistance, breaking resistance and bending resistance and the variation rule of mechanical properties are studied by experiment and theoretical analysis of 320 samples. According to experimental results of different layered structure of fiber-reinforced concrete, the influence of layered height on splitting strength and breaking strength is discussed. So it offers reliable reference to design road structure by using fiber-reinforced concrete.
2.The type of steel fiber and the form of it in concrete are described and analyzed and the mechanism of fiber-reinforced concrete such as reinforcement, damage and cracking resistance is discussed.
3. According to the experimental results and the method to design road surface by using cement concrete, design theory , design method and design procedure fitting
for single-skin and compound fiber-reinforced concrete road are brought forward.
4. This structural design is applied to real engineering. The construction technology and working results of fiber-reinforced concrete road are discussed by laying test road in order to promote the application of fiber-reinforced concrete.
5. Pavement structure that is put forward in this paper turn away these disadvantages that the asphaltum road and ordinary concrete road easily come forth often. By adopting static and dynamic analysis methods, economic and technical evaluations of common concrete road, fiber-reinforced concrete and compound road by combining steel fibers with common concrete are put forward .This conclusion is drawed that compound road by combining steel fibers with common concrete are put forward is better than other roads. Material and fund can be saved and road longevity can be prolonged if this road structure is adopted.
本文通过对国内外当前关于钢纤维混凝土的应用及理论分析，基于钢纤维混凝土基本理论，精心选择原材料，精心设计，筛选适用于路面结构的钢纤维混凝土配合比，结合工程实践对钢纤维混凝土路面力学性能及路面应用进行了较为系统的研究。主要研究成果如下：
1．在选择了合理的配合比基础上，通过对320块试件的试验和理论分析，研究了钢纤维体积率的变化对抗压、劈拉、抗折以及弯曲韧性等力学性能的影响及变化规律，由不同分层试件的试验结果，探讨了钢纤维混凝土的分层高度对劈拉、抗折等强度影响，为钢纤维混凝土的路面结构设计提供了可靠的依据。
2．对钢纤维的类型以及在混凝土中的形态进行描述与分析，探讨了钢纤维混凝土的增强、破坏及抗裂机理。
3．根据试验结论，并依据水泥混凝土路面设计方法，得出了适合于单层式钢纤维混凝土和复合式钢纤维混凝土路面的设计理论、设计方法和步骤。
4．把此结构设计应用于工程实际，并结合试验路的铺筑，探讨了钢纤维混凝土路面的施工工艺及路用效果，以促进钢纤维混凝土的推广应用。
5．本文所提出的路面结构避免了沥青路面和普通混凝土路面易出现的缺点和不足。论文利用静态和动态的分析方法，对沥青路面、普通水泥混凝土路面、钢纤维混凝土路面以及钢纤维与普通混凝土复合路面进行经济分析比较，得出了复合式路面比其它几种路面更为经济、合理的结论。如采用本路面结构可节省原材料，节约资金，提前工期和延长路面寿命。
The Steel fiber-reinforced concrete is a kind of new structural material and is a kind of new compound material that is formed by adding the proper amount of steel fibers into ordinary concrete recently. It can be poured and can be ejected to form some shapes. It has better physical mechanics properties than ordinary concrete except crushing resistance . It can make ordinary concrete that is a kind of brittle material be changed to a kind of compound material that has better plasticity. Its main working mechanism is to improve the brittleness of ordinary concrete by using short fibers that are scattered equably. Because short fibers have higher dragging resistance and ordinary concrete has higher crushing strength in the process of stressing, every technical property of fiber-reinforced concrete is improved greatly. Accordingly fiber-reinforced concrete has better stressing properties such as crack resistance , bending resistance , anti-fatigue, anti-friction and high toughness. So it has brilliant future in
highway surface, road surface of aerodrome and architectural construction.
At first the application and theory of fiber- reinforced concrete at home and at abroad is analyzed in this paper. Then based on the basic theories of fiber-reinforce concrete. Original materials are selected carefully and mix proportion of fiber-reinforced concrete which is suitable for road construction is designed and filtered carefully. Mechanical properties and pavement application of The Steel fiber-reinforced concrete is studied in details by combining engineering practice. The main research outputs of this paper are as follows:
l.Baed on the choosing rational mix proportion, the influence of changing volume proportion of steel fiber on mechanical properties such as crushing resistance, splitting resistance, breaking resistance and bending resistance and the variation rule of mechanical properties are studied by experiment and theoretical analysis of 320 samples. According to experimental results of different layered structure of fiber-reinforced concrete, the influence of layered height on splitting strength and breaking strength is discussed. So it offers reliable reference to design road structure by using fiber-reinforced concrete.
2.The type of steel fiber and the form of it in concrete are described and analyzed and the mechanism of fiber-reinforced concrete such as reinforcement, damage and cracking resistance is discussed.
3. According to the experimental results and the method to design road surface by using cement concrete, design theory , design method and design procedure fitting
for single-skin and compound fiber-reinforced concrete road are brought forward.
4. This structural design is applied to real engineering. The construction technology and working results of fiber-reinforced concrete road are discussed by laying test road in order to promote the application of fiber-reinforced concrete.
5. Pavement structure that is put forward in this paper turn away these disadvantages that the asphaltum road and ordinary concrete road easily come forth often. By adopting static and dynamic analysis methods, economic and technical evaluations of common concrete road, fiber-reinforced concrete and compound road by combining steel fibers with common concrete are put forward .This conclusion is drawed that compound road by combining steel fibers with common concrete are put forward is better than other roads. Material and fund can be saved and road longevity can be prolonged if this road structure is adopted.
引文
[1]J..ERomuoldi,G.B.Batson, Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Closely Spaced Reinforcement,ACI Journal,June.1963.
[2]蒋之峰．钢纤维混凝土．冶金部建筑研究总院出版社．1984．5
[3]王百成．道路钢纤维混凝土的设计与应用研究黑龙江工程学院学报 VOL．15(1)：14—16(2001)
[4]张荣辉．碾压钢纤维混凝土抗弯强度分析及其在路面工程中的应用．全国第四界纤维水泥与纤维混凝土学术会议论文集．南京．1992
[5]王璋水，程铁生，章文钢．机场钢纤维混凝土道面的试验研究及工程应用，全国第五界纤维水泥与纤维混凝土学术会议论文集．广州．1994
[6]卢良浩．钢纤维混凝土工程应用三例，全国第四界纤维水泥与纤维混凝土学术会议论文集．南京，1992
[7]林宝玉，卢安琪．硅粉钢纤维混凝土在水工建筑物上的应用，纤维混凝土的研究与应用．大连：大连理工大学出版社，1992
[8]赵国藩，黄承逵．钢纤维混凝土的性能与应用．北京：工业建筑，VOL 31(10)46—49(1989)
[9]赵景海，程龙保，樊承谋．钢纤维混凝土设计与施工．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1988
[10]张春漪．钢纤维喷射混凝土试验研究及其应用，钢纤维混凝土结构设计与施工规程专题报告集．大连：大连理工大学，1990
[11]樊承谋，赵景海，程龙宝．钢纤维混凝土应用技术．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1986
[12]马兰，何正勇，王文安．钢纤维增强混凝土的钢纤维分类和强度等级研究．河南科学VOL．20．(6)760-762(2002)．
[13]山王博之．钢纤维混凝土增强机理和纤维的方向性和分散度，科研情报—纤维混凝土专辑．北京：北京建筑工程研究，1979．6
[14]高丹盈，刘建秀．钢纤维混凝土基本理论．科学技术文献出版社．1994
[15]H.G. Allen. The Strength of Thin Composite of Finte Width with Brittle Matrics and Random Discountinuous Reinforcing Fibres . Journal Physics D. Applied Physics, 1975
[16]D.J.Hannat. Fiber Cements and fiber concretes. John Wiley sons Ltd,1978
[17]A.S.Agron and W.J.Shack.Theories of Fiber cement and Fiber Concrete RILEM Symposium,1975, (pp.48～66)
[18]姚武．钢纤维高强混凝土的力学性能．建筑石膏与胶凝材料．VOL．18．(4)
123-127(1999)
[19] Robert M..Jones. Mechanics of Composite Materials.Scripta Book Company, 1976(pp. 1～29,pp.85～146)
[20] J.P.Romualdi and G.B.Batson. Mechanics of Crack Arrest in. Concrete,Proc.ASCE,Vol.89,EM3,June 1963 (pp. 147～168)
[21] J.P.Romualdi,Proc.Int.conf.. The Structure,Brooks A.E. and K.Newman (eds),London, 1968,pp. 190～250
[22] J.P.Romualdi,J.A.Mandel.Tensile Strength of Concrete Affected by Uniformly. Distributed and Closely Spaced Stort Length of Wire Reinforcement,ACI Journal,Proceedings,Vol.6,June 1964 (pp.567～670)
[23] 王春印，张兴民钢纤维混凝土的阻裂机理分析及应用 基建优化 Vol．19．(4)：47-48．(1998)
[24] Guan Liqiu and Zhao Guofan.A Study of the Mechanism of Fiber Reinforced Cement and Concrete, RILEM Symposium Vol.2,1986
[25] 关丽秋，赵国藩．钢纤维混凝土在单向拉伸时的增强机理与破坏形态的分析．水利学报．1986．9
[26] 黄承逵，赵国藩．钢纤维混凝土设计强度的计算模式．大连理工大学学报．VOL．31(5)：76-79(1991)
[27] 中国工程建设标准化协会．钢纤维混凝土结构设计与施工规程(CECS38：92)．北京：中国计划出版社．1996
[28] 中国工程建设标准化协会，钢纤维混凝土结构试验方法标准(CECS13：89)．北京：中国计划出版社，1996
[29] 卢康道，秦鸿根，孙伟．钢纤维高强混凝土配合比设计方法的研究 江南学院学报 VOL．16(2)：31-34(2001)
[30] R.N.Swamy,. Deformation and Ultimate Strength iia Flexure of Reinforced Concrete Beams Made with Steel Fiber Concrete ,Journal of American Concrete Institute,Sept./Oct. 1981 (pp.395～405)
[31] R.N.Swamy, P.S..Mangat.A Theory for the Flexure Strength of Steel Fiber Reinforced concrete C.C.R. March 1974(pp.313～325)
[32] D.J.Hannant. Fiber Cements and Fiber Concretes,John Wiley and Sons,Manchester, 1978
[33] 赵国藩，彭少民，黄承逵．钢纤维混凝土结构．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1999．11
[34] 梁志标．界面和粘结强度对混凝土性能的重要意义．第八界国际水泥论文集 济南．2000
[35] 邓学军等．刚性路面设计，人民交通出版社，1988年10月
[36] Raymond S.Rollings Field Performance of Fiber-Reinforced concrete Airfield Pavements AD-A172 888 1986 July
[37] 陈荣生等．钢纤维混凝土路面厚度设计方法研究．南京：东南大学交通运输工程系，1990．5
[38] 中华人民共和国行业标准．公路水泥混凝土路面设计规范(JTJ012—99) 北京：人民交通出版社，1999．
[39]军用机场水泥混凝土道面设计规范(GJBl278-91)．北京：中国人民解放军总后勤部，1991
[40]王漳水等．机场钢纤维混凝土道面试验研究及工程应用．空军工程设计研究局空军工程学院，1992
[41]刘卫东，杜培文，刘英豪等钢纤维混凝土桥面铺装试验研究与工程应用河南科学，VOL．20(6)：721-723(2002)
[42]张启明，赵广田．钢纤维高强混凝土设计与施工技术 河南科学，VOL．20(6)：727-729(2002)
[43]史长莹，霍自民，宿辉．钢纤维J—1砂浆刚性屋面防水层的技术经济分析华北水利水电学院学报 VOL．20(1)1-3(1999)
[2]蒋之峰．钢纤维混凝土．冶金部建筑研究总院出版社．1984．5
[3]王百成．道路钢纤维混凝土的设计与应用研究黑龙江工程学院学报 VOL．15(1)：14—16(2001)
[4]张荣辉．碾压钢纤维混凝土抗弯强度分析及其在路面工程中的应用．全国第四界纤维水泥与纤维混凝土学术会议论文集．南京．1992
[5]王璋水，程铁生，章文钢．机场钢纤维混凝土道面的试验研究及工程应用，全国第五界纤维水泥与纤维混凝土学术会议论文集．广州．1994
[6]卢良浩．钢纤维混凝土工程应用三例，全国第四界纤维水泥与纤维混凝土学术会议论文集．南京，1992
[7]林宝玉，卢安琪．硅粉钢纤维混凝土在水工建筑物上的应用，纤维混凝土的研究与应用．大连：大连理工大学出版社，1992
[8]赵国藩，黄承逵．钢纤维混凝土的性能与应用．北京：工业建筑，VOL 31(10)46—49(1989)
[9]赵景海，程龙保，樊承谋．钢纤维混凝土设计与施工．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1988
[10]张春漪．钢纤维喷射混凝土试验研究及其应用，钢纤维混凝土结构设计与施工规程专题报告集．大连：大连理工大学，1990
[11]樊承谋，赵景海，程龙宝．钢纤维混凝土应用技术．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1986
[12]马兰，何正勇，王文安．钢纤维增强混凝土的钢纤维分类和强度等级研究．河南科学VOL．20．(6)760-762(2002)．
[13]山王博之．钢纤维混凝土增强机理和纤维的方向性和分散度，科研情报—纤维混凝土专辑．北京：北京建筑工程研究，1979．6
[14]高丹盈，刘建秀．钢纤维混凝土基本理论．科学技术文献出版社．1994
[15]H.G. Allen. The Strength of Thin Composite of Finte Width with Brittle Matrics and Random Discountinuous Reinforcing Fibres . Journal Physics D. Applied Physics, 1975
[16]D.J.Hannat. Fiber Cements and fiber concretes. John Wiley sons Ltd,1978
[17]A.S.Agron and W.J.Shack.Theories of Fiber cement and Fiber Concrete RILEM Symposium,1975, (pp.48～66)
[18]姚武．钢纤维高强混凝土的力学性能．建筑石膏与胶凝材料．VOL．18．(4)
123-127(1999)
[19] Robert M..Jones. Mechanics of Composite Materials.Scripta Book Company, 1976(pp. 1～29,pp.85～146)
[20] J.P.Romualdi and G.B.Batson. Mechanics of Crack Arrest in. Concrete,Proc.ASCE,Vol.89,EM3,June 1963 (pp. 147～168)
[21] J.P.Romualdi,Proc.Int.conf.. The Structure,Brooks A.E. and K.Newman (eds),London, 1968,pp. 190～250
[22] J.P.Romualdi,J.A.Mandel.Tensile Strength of Concrete Affected by Uniformly. Distributed and Closely Spaced Stort Length of Wire Reinforcement,ACI Journal,Proceedings,Vol.6,June 1964 (pp.567～670)
[23] 王春印，张兴民钢纤维混凝土的阻裂机理分析及应用 基建优化 Vol．19．(4)：47-48．(1998)
[24] Guan Liqiu and Zhao Guofan.A Study of the Mechanism of Fiber Reinforced Cement and Concrete, RILEM Symposium Vol.2,1986
[25] 关丽秋，赵国藩．钢纤维混凝土在单向拉伸时的增强机理与破坏形态的分析．水利学报．1986．9
[26] 黄承逵，赵国藩．钢纤维混凝土设计强度的计算模式．大连理工大学学报．VOL．31(5)：76-79(1991)
[27] 中国工程建设标准化协会．钢纤维混凝土结构设计与施工规程(CECS38：92)．北京：中国计划出版社．1996
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[29] 卢康道，秦鸿根，孙伟．钢纤维高强混凝土配合比设计方法的研究 江南学院学报 VOL．16(2)：31-34(2001)
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