水性油墨废水处理技术的研究
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摘要
由于油性油墨原材料—石油供应的紧张,人们在印刷包装业上从传统的油性油墨转向了水性油墨的研究和应用。随着材料科学的发展,水性油墨的连接料得到改进,大大地拓宽了它的应用领域,水性油墨废水的排放量也相应地急剧增加。作为一种典型的新型印染废水,水性油墨废水仍属于纺织染整工业水污染物的一部分,它的突出特点是高CODcr、高色度和难生物降解。它一旦进入水体,会对水环境造成极大的污染,严重威胁着人类的生产生活和自然界的生态平衡,这引起了社会各界的广泛关注。为满足公众对环境质量不断提高的要求,国家对其制订了严格的排放标准,开发经济、高效的水性油墨废水的处理技术已成为水污染治理领域研究的重点和热点。
本文以西安某水性油墨企业产生的高浓度水性油墨废水为处理对象,通过实验材料的制备、模拟废水的处理、水性油墨废水的处理三步对水性油墨废水的处理技术进行初步的研究。探讨了超细高岭土分子筛复合光催化剂处理模拟废水的优化工艺;酸沉降、化学絮凝、光催化、生物法对水性油墨废水的处理条件等。得出如下结论:
(1)、针对水性油墨废水的特点,系统地选择了它的测定指标和国家标准方法,筛选亚甲基蓝溶液为模拟废水,并制备出超细高岭土分子筛复合光催化剂。
(2)、采用六因素五水平正交实验,以模拟水性油墨废水为处理对象,讨论了过氧化氢浓度、光催化剂剂量、模拟废水浓度、光源、pH值、反应时间对模拟废水的处理效果。实验表明,处理模拟废水最佳条件为:过氧化氢为2 000 mg/L,高岭土超细分子筛复合光催化剂为500 mg/L,模拟废水初始浓度为80 mg/L,光源为20 W紫外线消毒灯,pH值为10.00,反应240 min,此时的去除率达99.46%,溶液透明,色度由3 200倍降到17.37倍,反应后pH值降到7.58,达到GB 4287—92纺织染整工业废水Ⅰ级排放标准。
(3)、通过酸沉降、化学絮凝、光催化、生物法对实际水性油墨废水的处理,找出最佳的工业化应用的方案:水性油墨废水加酸调pH至4.36酸沉12h,上清液在水解酸化池停留1 d,进入SBR系统,活性污泥的剂量按SV30=25%,温度为20±1℃,过量曝气(使溶解氧DO饱和,在20℃时DO=9.07 mg/L)8 h,可以稳定运行半个月。SBR出水的pH值6～9之间、色度<40倍(原水色度为106 375)、BOD5<25 mg/L达到Ⅰ级排放标准;CODcr<500 mg/L(原水CODcr为31 040 mg/L),达到Ⅲ级排放标准,接近Ⅱ级排放标准;上清液SS和浊度未检出。此方法节约了传统生物法处理废水的能源,且出水各项指标基本达到或超过Ⅲ级排放标准。
Because of the shortage of petroleum, people in printing and packaging turned around the research and appliance of oil-based ink from water-based ink. With the development of material science, the binder of water-based ink was improved that exploits its application area, which resulted in water-based ink wastewater discharge increasing greatly. As a new kind of printing and dyeing wastewater, water-based ink wastewater which outstanding characteristic is high chemical oxygen demand, high chroma and difficultly biodegraded is still part of dyeing and finishing of textile industry. Once the wastewater enters water body, it will greatly pollute water environment that will seriously threaten human production and life and the natural ecological balance, which has attracted wide attention in the social life. In order to the request of improving environmental quality, the government drawn strick discharge standard of water-based ink wastewater, and developing economical, high efficient treatment of this wastewater has become the emphasis and hotspot of water treatment technology.
This paper taking high concentration water-based ink wastewater from a corporation in Xi’an as the researching object, studied on its treatment technology via the preparation of experimental material, degradation of methylene blue—simulating water-based ink wastewater and the treatment of water-based ink wasterwater. This thesis aimed at finding out the optimum conditions of photocatalysis degrading methylene blue by Kaolin ultrafine zeolite composite photocatalyst, and establishing the economical treatment technology on water-based ink wastewater by acid precipitation, chemical flocculation, photocatalysis and biological method.The main findings were as following:
(1) In allusion to the characteristic of water-based ink wastewater, we have choosed reasonable determining quota and the standard manual method, filtrated methylene blue as the simulant water-based ink wastewater and prepared Kaolin ultrafine zeolite composite photocatalyst.
(2) Using L25(56) orthogonal experiment, we have discussed the effect of the light source, pH, reaction time and the concentration of H2O2, photocatalyst and methylene blue on photodegrading methylene blue. The result showed that the optimum conditions were 2 000 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 80 mg/L respectively being as the concentration of H2O2, photocatalyst and methylene blue, pH=10.00, ultraviolet disinfection lamp (20 W) irradiating 240 minutes, then the decoloration rate, the chroma and pH for methylene blue were 99.46%, 17.37, 7.58 respectively, which reached theⅠd ischarge standard of water pollutionts for dyeing and finishing of textile industry(GB 4287—92).
(3) Through acid precipitation, chemical flocculation, photocatalysis and biological method, the economical treatment technology on water-based ink wastewater was established: the optimum pH value and standing time of acid precipitation was 4.36 and 12 hours respectively, the residence time of supernatant in the hydrolysis-acidification pool was 24 hours, then entering the sequencing batch reactor, the optimum dose of activated sludge was by SV30=25%, the temperature was 20±1℃,the dissolved oxygen was 9.07 mg/L and the aeration time was 8 hours, which could stablely operate half a month at least. The effluent of SBR: the pH value was between 6 and 9, the chroma was less than 40(dilution multiple method: the initial chroma was106 375), the BOD5 was less than 25 mg/L, which reached theⅠdischarge standard of water pollutionts for dyeing and finishing of textile industry. The CODcr was less than 500 mg/L (the initial was 31 040 mg/L), which was close to theⅡdischarge standard of water pollutionts for dyeing and finishing of textile industry. The SS and turbidity of supernatant were not detected. The optimum condition not only saved energy sources of traditional biological method but also the indexs of effluent reached or exceeded theⅢd ischarge standard of water pollutionts for dyeing and finishing of textile industry.
本文以西安某水性油墨企业产生的高浓度水性油墨废水为处理对象,通过实验材料的制备、模拟废水的处理、水性油墨废水的处理三步对水性油墨废水的处理技术进行初步的研究。探讨了超细高岭土分子筛复合光催化剂处理模拟废水的优化工艺;酸沉降、化学絮凝、光催化、生物法对水性油墨废水的处理条件等。得出如下结论:
(1)、针对水性油墨废水的特点,系统地选择了它的测定指标和国家标准方法,筛选亚甲基蓝溶液为模拟废水,并制备出超细高岭土分子筛复合光催化剂。
(2)、采用六因素五水平正交实验,以模拟水性油墨废水为处理对象,讨论了过氧化氢浓度、光催化剂剂量、模拟废水浓度、光源、pH值、反应时间对模拟废水的处理效果。实验表明,处理模拟废水最佳条件为:过氧化氢为2 000 mg/L,高岭土超细分子筛复合光催化剂为500 mg/L,模拟废水初始浓度为80 mg/L,光源为20 W紫外线消毒灯,pH值为10.00,反应240 min,此时的去除率达99.46%,溶液透明,色度由3 200倍降到17.37倍,反应后pH值降到7.58,达到GB 4287—92纺织染整工业废水Ⅰ级排放标准。
(3)、通过酸沉降、化学絮凝、光催化、生物法对实际水性油墨废水的处理,找出最佳的工业化应用的方案:水性油墨废水加酸调pH至4.36酸沉12h,上清液在水解酸化池停留1 d,进入SBR系统,活性污泥的剂量按SV30=25%,温度为20±1℃,过量曝气(使溶解氧DO饱和,在20℃时DO=9.07 mg/L)8 h,可以稳定运行半个月。SBR出水的pH值6～9之间、色度<40倍(原水色度为106 375)、BOD5<25 mg/L达到Ⅰ级排放标准;CODcr<500 mg/L(原水CODcr为31 040 mg/L),达到Ⅲ级排放标准,接近Ⅱ级排放标准;上清液SS和浊度未检出。此方法节约了传统生物法处理废水的能源,且出水各项指标基本达到或超过Ⅲ级排放标准。
Because of the shortage of petroleum, people in printing and packaging turned around the research and appliance of oil-based ink from water-based ink. With the development of material science, the binder of water-based ink was improved that exploits its application area, which resulted in water-based ink wastewater discharge increasing greatly. As a new kind of printing and dyeing wastewater, water-based ink wastewater which outstanding characteristic is high chemical oxygen demand, high chroma and difficultly biodegraded is still part of dyeing and finishing of textile industry. Once the wastewater enters water body, it will greatly pollute water environment that will seriously threaten human production and life and the natural ecological balance, which has attracted wide attention in the social life. In order to the request of improving environmental quality, the government drawn strick discharge standard of water-based ink wastewater, and developing economical, high efficient treatment of this wastewater has become the emphasis and hotspot of water treatment technology.
This paper taking high concentration water-based ink wastewater from a corporation in Xi’an as the researching object, studied on its treatment technology via the preparation of experimental material, degradation of methylene blue—simulating water-based ink wastewater and the treatment of water-based ink wasterwater. This thesis aimed at finding out the optimum conditions of photocatalysis degrading methylene blue by Kaolin ultrafine zeolite composite photocatalyst, and establishing the economical treatment technology on water-based ink wastewater by acid precipitation, chemical flocculation, photocatalysis and biological method.The main findings were as following:
(1) In allusion to the characteristic of water-based ink wastewater, we have choosed reasonable determining quota and the standard manual method, filtrated methylene blue as the simulant water-based ink wastewater and prepared Kaolin ultrafine zeolite composite photocatalyst.
(2) Using L25(56) orthogonal experiment, we have discussed the effect of the light source, pH, reaction time and the concentration of H2O2, photocatalyst and methylene blue on photodegrading methylene blue. The result showed that the optimum conditions were 2 000 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 80 mg/L respectively being as the concentration of H2O2, photocatalyst and methylene blue, pH=10.00, ultraviolet disinfection lamp (20 W) irradiating 240 minutes, then the decoloration rate, the chroma and pH for methylene blue were 99.46%, 17.37, 7.58 respectively, which reached theⅠd ischarge standard of water pollutionts for dyeing and finishing of textile industry(GB 4287—92).
(3) Through acid precipitation, chemical flocculation, photocatalysis and biological method, the economical treatment technology on water-based ink wastewater was established: the optimum pH value and standing time of acid precipitation was 4.36 and 12 hours respectively, the residence time of supernatant in the hydrolysis-acidification pool was 24 hours, then entering the sequencing batch reactor, the optimum dose of activated sludge was by SV30=25%, the temperature was 20±1℃,the dissolved oxygen was 9.07 mg/L and the aeration time was 8 hours, which could stablely operate half a month at least. The effluent of SBR: the pH value was between 6 and 9, the chroma was less than 40(dilution multiple method: the initial chroma was106 375), the BOD5 was less than 25 mg/L, which reached theⅠdischarge standard of water pollutionts for dyeing and finishing of textile industry. The CODcr was less than 500 mg/L (the initial was 31 040 mg/L), which was close to theⅡdischarge standard of water pollutionts for dyeing and finishing of textile industry. The SS and turbidity of supernatant were not detected. The optimum condition not only saved energy sources of traditional biological method but also the indexs of effluent reached or exceeded theⅢd ischarge standard of water pollutionts for dyeing and finishing of textile industry.
引文
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