城市原水系统水质水量联合调度优化方法及应用研究
|
摘要
水利是经济社会发展的基本条件、基础支撑、重要保障。加快水利发展改革是我国当前时期的重要战略,全面保障城乡居民饮水安全成为“十二五”期间加快水利发展改革的重要目标。城市原水系统是城市生活、生产、环境的主要水源,原水系统的健康可持续发展,是全面建设小康社会的必要条件。对原水系统的科学调度管理,不可脱离水资源具有“水质”与“水量”双重属性高度统一的现实,研究城市原水系统优化调度问题,必须从水质水量联合调度出发,探索水质-水量-调度目标之间的相互影响规律。
本文针对城市饮用水安全保障问题,以城市原水系统为研究对象,分析原水系统结构特征,探讨原水系统水质仿真模型与水量调度模拟模型,在传统水量调度的单一模式基础上,构建水质水量控制耦合模型,提出水库群水质动态过程评价决策方法,利用已有的水质检测系统及水库调度信息管理系统等信息采集平台,开发城市原水系统水质水量联合优化调度的决策支持系统；所建立的调度系统与水源污染源监控系统、水厂工艺调控系统等共同构成城市水源安全保障体系,能够提高水源供水安全保证率,从源头上有效缓解了水厂应对突发水源污染的应急处理压力,为城市居民创造安全的饮用水条件,促进国民经济发展和社会稳定。通过研究取得的主要成果如下：
(1)建立了城市原水系统水质模型。根据原水系统的结构特征,以水质迁移转化基本方程及水质指标生化反应原理为基础建立原水系统水质模型。针对原水系统水质模型具有多输入多输出和存在关联水质指标的特征提出水质模型的改进方法；运用粒子群算法和梯度法相结合,对模型进行多参数同时优化；利用模拟结果与实测数据比较验证模型的合理性。
(2)建立了水量优化调度模型和计算机仿真模型。在分析深圳市原水系统水厂需水量变化规律的基础上,提出水厂需水量简易预测方法及雨洪资源的简单估算方法,利用供需平衡动态模拟技术建立原水系统水量优化调度模型,采取大系统分解协调原理进行模型求解；运用图论、可拓分析、数据结构及计算机面向对象技术,研究复杂原水系统网络结构的计算机动态存储技术,并设计、开发基于面向对象的原水系统计算机仿真模型。
(3)提出了水库群多组分水质水量联合调度方案决策评价方法。通过分析水库群多组分水质动态过程评价问题的特征,提出调度方案三维信息空间结构描述方法；以单因子水质评价方法及综合指数评价方法为基础,构建单因子污染指数(SFPI)评价指标；以SFPI与水库蓄水量为基本指标建立评价指标体系,提出水库群多组分水质动态过程评价决策方法,应用该方法对原水系统水质水量联合调度方案进行评价决策,同时作为原水系统水质水量控制耦合模型的优化调度目标之一,为水质水量联合调度决策提供新思路。
(4)建立了原水系统水质水量控制耦合模型。运用大系统理论分散控制原理及定性控制方法,以单个水库作为控制基本单元,构建水质-水量反馈控制基本模型；运用定性推理及定性数学方法,预测水库群之间水质指标相互影响规律,采用决策树分析方法分析水质水量调控策略,生成决策树形式的调控策略集,并将决策树植入策略分析器,建立水质水量控制耦合模型；分析水量优化调度与水质模拟在网络空间求解顺序上的矛盾,基于图的深度优先与广度优先混合遍历算法,探讨了原水系统水质水量控制耦合模型的时间、空间两个维度的求解方法；通过实例分析,验证模型的合理性以及水质调控效果。
(5)设计开发了深圳市水源调度管理系统。通过分析深圳市水资源管理机制以及水源调度业务,确定深圳市水源调度的主要需求；根据已有信息采集平台,进行系统架构设计；介绍了系统的主要功能以及部署、应用情况。该系统为提高我国城市水资源调度管理技术水平提供主要技术支撑。
Water conservancy constitutes a basic condition, basic support and an important safeguard for economic and social development. To speed up the reform of water resource development becomes an important national strategy of the current period. To ensure drinking water safety in urban and rural areas in a comprehensive manner is an important target of the "12th Five-Year Plan". Urban raw water system is the main water source of city life, production, and environment, thus a healthy and sustainable development of raw water system becomes a necessary condition for building a moderately prosperous society. Scientific scheduling and management of raw water system cannot live without recognizing the fact that water resources has dual unified properties of "water quality" and "water quantity". The study on optimal scheduling of urban raw water system shall start from the joint scheduling of the water quality and quantity to explore the interactive law between the water quality, water quantity and scheduling objectives.
With urban raw water system as research subject, this dissertation focuses on the protection of urban drinking water safety, conducts analysis of raw water system structure characteristics, and explores the raw water system water quality simulation model and water quantity scheduling simulation model. Based on single-mode of traditional water quantity scheduling model, water quality and water quantity control-coupling model is built providing proposal on an evaluation and decision-making methods for the dynamic process of water quality in reservoir group so as to develop decision-supporting system for the joint optimization and scheduling of water quality and quantity in urban raw water system by making use of existing information collection platforms such as water quality testing system and reservoir scheduling information management system. The scheduling system, water pollution sources monitoring system and water plant process control system set up in this pater together constitute the urban water source security system which can improve water supply security, effectively alleviate pressure of emergency treatment to sudden water source pollutionin water treatment plant, create safe drinking water condition for urban residents, and thus promote economic development and social stability. The main achievements of this dissertation are as follows:
(1) Establishment of water quality model of urban raw water system.In accordance with the structural characteristics of the raw water system, the raw water system water quality model was established based on the basic equation of water quality migration and the biochemical reaction principle of water quality components. Noted that water quality model of raw water system has characteristics of multiple-input-multiple-output and associated water quality components, the paper proposes a method for improving the water quality model; combines PSO and gradient method to carry out multi-parameter optimization to the model; compares simulation result with measured data to validate reasonability of the model.
(2) Establishment of water quantity optimal scheduling model and computer simulation model. Based on analysis of water demand variation of water plants in Shenzhen raw water system, the paper proposes a simple method for forecasting water demand in water plants and estimating rainwater resources, establishes an optimal scheduling model for the raw water system based on the supply-demand balance dynamic simulation technology, and solves the model with large system decomposition coordination principle. By making use of graph theory, extension analysis, data structures and computer object-oriented technology, the paper makes a study on computer dynamic storage technology of complex network structure of raw water system is made, designs and develops a computer simulation model of raw water system based on object-oriented technology.
(3) Proposal of an evaluation and decision-making method for reservoir group multi-component water quality and quantity joint scheduling program.By analyzing characteristics of reservoir group multi-component water quality dynamic process evaluation, a three-dimensional information space structure description method is proposed for scheduling scheme; based on single factor water quality evaluation method and composite index evaluation method, the papers proposes asingle factor pollution index (SFPI); establishes evaluation index system with the SFPI and reservoir storage as basic indicators, and proposesthe evaluation and decision-making method for reservoir group multi-component water quality dynamic process. This method is then used to make evaluation and decision-making on the joint scheduling program of water quality and quantity of the raw water system. As the results of the evaluation is one of the optimal scheduling goals of the raw water system water quality and quantity control coupling model referred to in chapter six, it provides new ideas for decision-making of water quality and quantity joint scheduling.
(4) Establishment of water quality and quantity control coupling model of raw water system.A basic model of water quality-quantity feedback controlis constructed by applying decentralized control principle of the large scale system theory and qualitative control method and using single reservoir as basic control unit; qualitative reasoning and qualitative mathematical method are used to predict the law of interaction in-between water quality component of different reservoir group; decision tree analysis method is employed to analyze water quality and quantity regulation strategies, generate a regulation strategy set in the form of decision tree form, and implant the decision tree into strategy analyzer to establish water quality and quantity control coupling model; the paper conducts an analysis on the contradiction between water quantity optimal scheduling and water quality simulation as their solve order in cyberspace is different; based on mixed depth-first and breadth-first traversal algorithm of graph, the paper discusses the method for solving the raw water system quality and quantity control coupling model in both dimensions of time and space; rationality of the model as well as water quality control effect is verified with case analysis.
(5) Design and development of Shenzhen municipal water source scheduling and management system.With analysis of water resource management mechanisms and water-source-scheduling business in Shenzhen city, determine the main demands for water-source-scheduling in Shenzhen city; in accordance with the existing information collection platform, design architecture of the system; and introduce the main functions, deployment and application of the system which provides the main technical support for improving technical level of urban water resource scheduling and management in China.
本文针对城市饮用水安全保障问题,以城市原水系统为研究对象,分析原水系统结构特征,探讨原水系统水质仿真模型与水量调度模拟模型,在传统水量调度的单一模式基础上,构建水质水量控制耦合模型,提出水库群水质动态过程评价决策方法,利用已有的水质检测系统及水库调度信息管理系统等信息采集平台,开发城市原水系统水质水量联合优化调度的决策支持系统；所建立的调度系统与水源污染源监控系统、水厂工艺调控系统等共同构成城市水源安全保障体系,能够提高水源供水安全保证率,从源头上有效缓解了水厂应对突发水源污染的应急处理压力,为城市居民创造安全的饮用水条件,促进国民经济发展和社会稳定。通过研究取得的主要成果如下：
(1)建立了城市原水系统水质模型。根据原水系统的结构特征,以水质迁移转化基本方程及水质指标生化反应原理为基础建立原水系统水质模型。针对原水系统水质模型具有多输入多输出和存在关联水质指标的特征提出水质模型的改进方法；运用粒子群算法和梯度法相结合,对模型进行多参数同时优化；利用模拟结果与实测数据比较验证模型的合理性。
(2)建立了水量优化调度模型和计算机仿真模型。在分析深圳市原水系统水厂需水量变化规律的基础上,提出水厂需水量简易预测方法及雨洪资源的简单估算方法,利用供需平衡动态模拟技术建立原水系统水量优化调度模型,采取大系统分解协调原理进行模型求解；运用图论、可拓分析、数据结构及计算机面向对象技术,研究复杂原水系统网络结构的计算机动态存储技术,并设计、开发基于面向对象的原水系统计算机仿真模型。
(3)提出了水库群多组分水质水量联合调度方案决策评价方法。通过分析水库群多组分水质动态过程评价问题的特征,提出调度方案三维信息空间结构描述方法；以单因子水质评价方法及综合指数评价方法为基础,构建单因子污染指数(SFPI)评价指标；以SFPI与水库蓄水量为基本指标建立评价指标体系,提出水库群多组分水质动态过程评价决策方法,应用该方法对原水系统水质水量联合调度方案进行评价决策,同时作为原水系统水质水量控制耦合模型的优化调度目标之一,为水质水量联合调度决策提供新思路。
(4)建立了原水系统水质水量控制耦合模型。运用大系统理论分散控制原理及定性控制方法,以单个水库作为控制基本单元,构建水质-水量反馈控制基本模型；运用定性推理及定性数学方法,预测水库群之间水质指标相互影响规律,采用决策树分析方法分析水质水量调控策略,生成决策树形式的调控策略集,并将决策树植入策略分析器,建立水质水量控制耦合模型；分析水量优化调度与水质模拟在网络空间求解顺序上的矛盾,基于图的深度优先与广度优先混合遍历算法,探讨了原水系统水质水量控制耦合模型的时间、空间两个维度的求解方法；通过实例分析,验证模型的合理性以及水质调控效果。
(5)设计开发了深圳市水源调度管理系统。通过分析深圳市水资源管理机制以及水源调度业务,确定深圳市水源调度的主要需求；根据已有信息采集平台,进行系统架构设计；介绍了系统的主要功能以及部署、应用情况。该系统为提高我国城市水资源调度管理技术水平提供主要技术支撑。
Water conservancy constitutes a basic condition, basic support and an important safeguard for economic and social development. To speed up the reform of water resource development becomes an important national strategy of the current period. To ensure drinking water safety in urban and rural areas in a comprehensive manner is an important target of the "12th Five-Year Plan". Urban raw water system is the main water source of city life, production, and environment, thus a healthy and sustainable development of raw water system becomes a necessary condition for building a moderately prosperous society. Scientific scheduling and management of raw water system cannot live without recognizing the fact that water resources has dual unified properties of "water quality" and "water quantity". The study on optimal scheduling of urban raw water system shall start from the joint scheduling of the water quality and quantity to explore the interactive law between the water quality, water quantity and scheduling objectives.
With urban raw water system as research subject, this dissertation focuses on the protection of urban drinking water safety, conducts analysis of raw water system structure characteristics, and explores the raw water system water quality simulation model and water quantity scheduling simulation model. Based on single-mode of traditional water quantity scheduling model, water quality and water quantity control-coupling model is built providing proposal on an evaluation and decision-making methods for the dynamic process of water quality in reservoir group so as to develop decision-supporting system for the joint optimization and scheduling of water quality and quantity in urban raw water system by making use of existing information collection platforms such as water quality testing system and reservoir scheduling information management system. The scheduling system, water pollution sources monitoring system and water plant process control system set up in this pater together constitute the urban water source security system which can improve water supply security, effectively alleviate pressure of emergency treatment to sudden water source pollutionin water treatment plant, create safe drinking water condition for urban residents, and thus promote economic development and social stability. The main achievements of this dissertation are as follows:
(1) Establishment of water quality model of urban raw water system.In accordance with the structural characteristics of the raw water system, the raw water system water quality model was established based on the basic equation of water quality migration and the biochemical reaction principle of water quality components. Noted that water quality model of raw water system has characteristics of multiple-input-multiple-output and associated water quality components, the paper proposes a method for improving the water quality model; combines PSO and gradient method to carry out multi-parameter optimization to the model; compares simulation result with measured data to validate reasonability of the model.
(2) Establishment of water quantity optimal scheduling model and computer simulation model. Based on analysis of water demand variation of water plants in Shenzhen raw water system, the paper proposes a simple method for forecasting water demand in water plants and estimating rainwater resources, establishes an optimal scheduling model for the raw water system based on the supply-demand balance dynamic simulation technology, and solves the model with large system decomposition coordination principle. By making use of graph theory, extension analysis, data structures and computer object-oriented technology, the paper makes a study on computer dynamic storage technology of complex network structure of raw water system is made, designs and develops a computer simulation model of raw water system based on object-oriented technology.
(3) Proposal of an evaluation and decision-making method for reservoir group multi-component water quality and quantity joint scheduling program.By analyzing characteristics of reservoir group multi-component water quality dynamic process evaluation, a three-dimensional information space structure description method is proposed for scheduling scheme; based on single factor water quality evaluation method and composite index evaluation method, the papers proposes asingle factor pollution index (SFPI); establishes evaluation index system with the SFPI and reservoir storage as basic indicators, and proposesthe evaluation and decision-making method for reservoir group multi-component water quality dynamic process. This method is then used to make evaluation and decision-making on the joint scheduling program of water quality and quantity of the raw water system. As the results of the evaluation is one of the optimal scheduling goals of the raw water system water quality and quantity control coupling model referred to in chapter six, it provides new ideas for decision-making of water quality and quantity joint scheduling.
(4) Establishment of water quality and quantity control coupling model of raw water system.A basic model of water quality-quantity feedback controlis constructed by applying decentralized control principle of the large scale system theory and qualitative control method and using single reservoir as basic control unit; qualitative reasoning and qualitative mathematical method are used to predict the law of interaction in-between water quality component of different reservoir group; decision tree analysis method is employed to analyze water quality and quantity regulation strategies, generate a regulation strategy set in the form of decision tree form, and implant the decision tree into strategy analyzer to establish water quality and quantity control coupling model; the paper conducts an analysis on the contradiction between water quantity optimal scheduling and water quality simulation as their solve order in cyberspace is different; based on mixed depth-first and breadth-first traversal algorithm of graph, the paper discusses the method for solving the raw water system quality and quantity control coupling model in both dimensions of time and space; rationality of the model as well as water quality control effect is verified with case analysis.
(5) Design and development of Shenzhen municipal water source scheduling and management system.With analysis of water resource management mechanisms and water-source-scheduling business in Shenzhen city, determine the main demands for water-source-scheduling in Shenzhen city; in accordance with the existing information collection platform, design architecture of the system; and introduce the main functions, deployment and application of the system which provides the main technical support for improving technical level of urban water resource scheduling and management in China.
引文
[1]http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2011-01/29/content_1795245.htm 2011年中央一号文件《中共中央国务院关于加快水利改革发展的决定》[EB/OL].中央政府门户网站www.gov.cn [2011-1-29]
[2]中华人民共和国水利部公报[EB/OL].2012,4 http://www.mwr.gov.cn/zwzc/hygb/slbgb/201302/P020130218321043326828.pdf
[3]新华社一周看天下[EB/OL].http://news.qq.com/a/20130325/000346.htm#p=4
[4]国家发展改革委、水利部、住房城乡建设部.水利发展规划(2011—2015年)[N].中国水利报.2012-06-29
[5]许新宜.水资源可持续管理问题研究与实践[M].武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1998：126-129
[6]华士乾.水资源系统分析指南[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1988
[7]Maass A., Hufschmidt M. M., Dorfman R, et al. Design of water resource management[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1962
[8]Haimesyy, AlleeDJ. Multi-objective analysis in water resources[C].Newyork: Ameriean Soeiety of Civil Engineers,1982
[9]Labadie J.W, BodeD, PinedaA. Network model for decision-support simulate Palraw water supply[J].Water Resources Bulletin,1986,22(6).927-940
[10]Willis.R, William W-GYeh. Ground water system planning and management[M].New-Jersey:Prentice-Hall,1987
[11]Afzal Javaid, Noble David H. Optimization model for alternative use of different quality irrigation waters [J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1992,118(2):218-22
[12]Watkins David W, Jr Mckinney, Daene C Robust. Optimization for incorporating risk and uncertainty in sustainable water resources planning[J].International Association of Hydrological Sciences,1995,231(13): 225-232
[13]Wang M, Zhang C. Ground water management optimization using genetic algorithms and simulated annealing:Formulation and comparison[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,1998,34(3):519-530
[14]Minsker, Bs:Padera, B;Smalley, Jb. Efficient Methods for including Uncertainty and Multiple Objectives in Water Resources Management Models Using Genetic Algorithms[C].International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources, Calgary, Alberta (Canada).Canada,2000
[15]Rosegrant, M. W., Ringlet C., Mckinny, D. C., et al. Integrated Economic-hydrologic Water Modeling at the Basin Scale:the Maipo River Basin[J].Agricultural Economics,2000,24(l):33-46
[16]Teegavarapu R.S.V,Simonovic S.P. Optimal operation of reservoir simulated annealing[J].Water Resources Management,2002,16(5),401-428
[17]McKinney D C.Cai X.M.. Linking GIS and water Resource Management models:an method [J].Environmental Modeling & Software,2002,17(5):413-425
[18]Robert C. Mahan, Theodore M. Horbulyk, John G. Rowse. Market mechanisms and the efficient allocation of surface water resources in southern Alberta[J].Socio-Economic Planning Sciences,2002,36(1):25-49
[19]Ahmd JA, Sarm AG. Genetic algorithm for optimal operating policy of a multipurpose reservoir[J].Water Resources Management,2005,19(2):145-146
[20]Y.P. Li, G.H. Huang, Y.F. Huang, et al. A multistage fuzzy-stochastic programming model for supporting sustainable water-resources allocation and management[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2009,24(7):786-797
[21]Kucukmehmetoglu Mehmet, Guldmann Jean-Michel.Multiobjective Allocation of Transboundary Water Resources:Case of the Euphrates and Tigris [J].Water Resources Planning And Management,2010,136(1):95-105
[22]李雪萍.国内外水资源配置研究概述[J].海河水利,2002(5)：13-15
[23]甘泓,尹明万.河北省邯郸市水资源规划管理决策支持系统应用研究[J].中国水利水电科学研究院,1998
[24]尹明万,李令跃.大连市大沙河流域规划[M].中国水利水电科学研究院,1999
[25]贺北方,周丽.基于遗传算法的区域水资源优化配置模型[J].水电能源科学,2002,20(3)：10-13
[26]赵建世,王忠静,翁文斌.水资源复杂适应配置系统的理论与模型[J].地理学报,2002(6)：32-36
[27]卢华友,郭元裕.义乌市水资源系统分解协调决策模型研究[J].水利学报,1997,(6)：40-47
[28]黄牧涛,王乘,张勇传.灌区库群系统水资源优化配置模型研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(1)：93-95
[29]徐建新,商崇菊,高峰.基于可持续发展的水资源优化配置模型研究与应用[J].海河水利,2006(1)：40-43
[30]冯文琦,纪昌明.水资源优化配置中的市场交易博弈模型[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(11)：83-85
[31]王丽萍,王蕊,姜生斌.水资源系统多目标优化配置模型的研究及应用[J].华北电力大学学报,2007,34(4)：32-37
[32]黄少华,陈晓玲,王汉东.GIS环境下的流域水资源优化配置模型[J].人民长江,2009,40(04)：65-67
[33]朱勇华,张洪刚,范可旭.省际边界河流水资源优化配置模型及其文化算法研究[J].水电能科学,2010,28(11)：25-28
[34]刘遂庆.多水源供水系统泵站供水量优化分配[J].中国给水排水,1988,(05)：4-8
[35]刘敏南.供水管网水力计算与优化调度[J].水利学报,1995,(09)：32-39.
[36]张凤娥,殷志宁,李宏.EPANET水力模型在供水管网优化中的应用[J].给水排水,2007,(11)：200-202
[37]韩德宏,孙文深.深圳特区原水系统调度模型的建立[J].中国水利,2000(10)：43
[38]谢新民,岳春芳,阮本清,等.基于原水-净化水耦合配置的多目标递解控制模型[J].水利水电科技进展,2003,25(3)：11-14
[39]苏学敏.东江原水调水过程的自动化监控[J].广东水利水电,2004,5,(10)：79-80
[40]郭思元.城市供水原水系统优化调度理论及应用研究[J].同济大学,2005
[41]郑飞飞,刘遂庆,陶涛.多水源原水系统丰水期优化调度模型研究[J].河南科学,2008,(10)：1246-1249
[42]刘芬.根据原水供应成本差异优化原水调度[J].供水技术,2009,3,(2)：59-61
[43]朱雪明,黄澄,徐振强.青草沙水源地原水工程调度系统总体设计综述[J].给水排水,2009,11(35)：56-62
[44]夏禹,陶涛,方晔.珠海市原水系统应急调度研究[J].河南科学,2010,28(10)：1295-1299
[45]陶涛,夏禹,信昆仑.分散复杂多水源原水系统一级优化调度[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38,(12)：1772-1776
[46]张利娟,俞亭超.遗传算法在供水系统原水优化调度中应用[J].低温建筑技术,2011(06)：128-130
[47]Cech, Irina, Montera, Jeff. Spatial variations in total aluminum concentrations in drinking water supplies studied by geographic information system (GIS) methods [J].Water Research,2000,34(10):2703-2712
[48]Foster, J.A, McDonald, et al. Assessing pollution risks to water supply intakes using geographical information systems (GIS)[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2000,15(3):225-234
[49]Eker, Ilyas Kara, Tolgay. Operation and control of a water supply system[J].ISA Transactions,2003,42(3):461-473
[50]Eker, I. Grimble, M.J. Kara. Operation and simulation of city of Gaziantep water supply system in Turkey[J].Renewable Energy,2003,28(6):901-916
[51]Vieira, F. Ramos, H.M. Hybrid solution and pump-storage optimization in water supply system efficiency:A case study[J].Energy Policy,2008,36(11): 4142-4148
[52]Vieira, Filipe,Ramos, Helena M. Optimization of operational planning for wind/hydro hybrid water supply systems[J].Renewable Energy,2009,37(3):928-936
[53]Chung G, Lansey K, Bayraksan G. Reliable water supply system design under uncertainty[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2009,24(4):449-462
[54]Montalvo, Idel, Izquierdo, et al. Improved performance of PSO with self-adaptive parameters for computing the optimal design of Water Supply Systems[J].Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2010,23(5):727-735
[55]雒文生,宋星原.水环境分析及预测[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2004
[56]樊敏,顾兆林.水质模型研究进展及发展趋势[J].上海环境科学,2010,(06)：226-274
[57]万金保,李媛媛.湖泊水质模型研究进展[J].长江流域资源与环境,2007,16(6)：827-831
[58]叶常明.水环境数学模型的研究进展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,1993,(01)：74-81
[59]徐小明.大型河网水力水质数值模拟方法[D].河海大学,2001.
[60]崔建国,王俊岭.城市供水系统的优化调度模型研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2002,(03)：285-289
[61]谷照升,杨天行,彭泽洲.密云水库三维水质模拟技术[J].吉林大学学报(地 球科学版),2004,(01)：93-96
[62]Tecle. A., Fogel. M., Duckstein L.Multi-criterion selection of wastewater management alternatives[J].Water Resources Planning And Management,1988, 114(4):383-398
[63]Brendecke, C. M., DeOreo, et al. Network models of water rights and system operations[J].Water Resources Planning And Management,2008,115(5):684-696
[64]Neelakantan, T.R., N. V. Pundarikanthan.Neural network-based simulation-optimization model for reservoir operation[J]. Water Resources Planning And Management,2000,126(2):57-64
[65]Wardlaw R., M. Sharif. Evaluation of genetic algorithms for optimal reservoir system operation[J]. Water Resources Planning And Management.1999,125(1):25-33
[66]Loftis B, Labadie J W, Fontane D G.Optimal operation of a system of lakes for quality and quantity [C].Computer Applications in Water Resources, 1989:693-702
[67]Pingry D E, Shafteltl, Boleske.Role for decision-support systems in water-delivery design[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 1990,116(6):629-644
[68]Willeyrg, Smithd J, Duke JH. Modeling water-resource systems for water-quality management J] Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,1996,122(3):171-179
[69]Hayes D F, Labadie J W, Sanders TG. Enhancing water quality in hydropower system operations[J].Water Resources Research,1998,34(3):471-483
[70]王船海,李光炽.实用河网水流计算[M].南京：河海大学出版社,2000
[71]熊万永.福州内河引水冲污工程的实践与认识[J].中国给水排水,2000(7)：26-28
[72]李光烷,王船海.大型河网水流模拟的矩阵标识法[J].河海大学学报,1995(1)：36-43
[73]陈阳宇.大型潮汐河网水质模型的求解方法及其应用[J].人民珠江,1995(2)：44-48
[74]吴作平,杨国录,甘明辉.河网水流数值模拟方法研究[J].水科学进展,2003(3)：350-353
[75]程开宇.河网水流模拟计算数学模型探讨[J].东北水利水电,2005(3)：3-5
[76]徐贵泉,宋德蕃,黄士力,等.感潮河网水量水质模型及其数值模拟[J].应 用基础与工程科学学报,1996(1)：94-105
[77]徐贵泉,褚君达,吴祖扬,等.感潮河网水环境容量影响因素研究[J].水科学进展,2000(4)：375-380
[78]徐贵泉,褚君达,吴祖扬,等.感潮河网水环境容量数值计算[J].环境科学学报,2000(3)：263-268
[79]罗错,逢勇,罗清吉,等.太湖流域平原河网区往复流河道水环境容量计算[J].河海大学学报,2004(2)：144-146
[80]丁训静,姚琪,毛永根.太湖流域水质模拟[J].水资源保护,1998(4)：10-14
[81]孙忠风,薛联青.连云港市区水环境调度模型研究[J].水利水电技术,2003(5)：29-32
[82]曾凡棠,黄水祥.珠江三角洲潮汐河网水环境数学模型评述[J].海洋环境科学,2000(04)：46-50
[83]韩龙喜,陆冬.平原河网水流水质数值模拟研究展望[J].河海大学学报,2004(2)：127-130
[84]王好芳,董增川.基于量与质的多目标水资源配置模型[J].人民黄河,2004,26(6)：14-15
[85]吴泽宁,索丽生,曹茜.基于生态经济学的区域水质水量统一优化配置模型[J].灌溉排水学报,2007,26(2)：1-6
[86]董增川,卞戈亚,等.基于数值模拟的区域水量水质联合调度研究[J].水科学进展,2009,20(2)：184-189
[87]付意成,魏传江,王瑞年,等.水量水质联合调控模型及其应用[J].水电能源科学,2009,27(2)：31-35
[88]白玉川,万艳春,黄本胜,等.对河网非恒定流数值模拟的研究进展[J].水利学报,2000(12)：43-46
[89]徐国宾,王健,马超.耦合水质目标的三峡水库非汛期多目标优化调度模型[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(3)：78-84
[90]冯尚友.水资源系统工程[M].武汉：湖北科学技术出版社,1991
[91]钱学森,宋健.工程控制论[M].北京：科学出版社,1983
[92]孔金生,郑崇勋,刘林运,等.基于定量模型的MIMO (?)非线性系统定性控制[J].电机与控制学报,2002(1)：143-145
[93]Clocksin W.F., Morgan A.J.. Qualitative control[C].Proc.7th European Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Brighton,1986:350-356
[94]刘林运,万百五.定性控制综述[J].信息与控制,1998(1)：46-52
[95]傅国伟.河流水质数学模型模拟计算[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,1987
[96]徐祖信,廖振良.水质数学模型研究的发展阶段与空间层次[J].上海环境科学,2003,22(2)：79-85
[97]宋东辉,徐晶.综合水质模型河流微分方程组的平衡解[J].水电能源科学,2008,26(6)：51-53
[98]邵东国,郭宗楼.综合利用水库水量水质统一调度模型[J].水利学报,2000(8)：10-15
[99]王祥三,陈小江.三峡库湾二维随机水质预测模型的研究[J].水电能源科学,2001,19(3)：55-58
[100]杜军凯,李晓星,黄晓荣,等.基于GIS的克里金法对二维水质模型的改进[J].水电能源科学,2011,29(6)：36-40
[101]陈俊合,陈小红.水库三维Fe、Mn迁移模型——阿哈水库实例研究[J].水科学进展,1999,10(1)：14-19
[102]徐强,陈求稳,李伟峰,等.管网水力与水质模型在多水厂供水管理中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(13)：38-41
[103]汪定伟,王俊伟,王洪峰,等.智能优化算法[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2008
[104]钟平安,王会容,刘静楠,等.深圳市水资源系统优化调度模型研究[J]河海大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(6)：616-620
[105]刘烨,季石磊.C#编程及应用程序开发教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007
[106]常晓航.面向对象的导弹模型仿真软件系统架构研究[J].战术导弹技术,2009,(3)：71-75
[107]唐亮,于天彪,丁军妹,等.基于面向对象Petri网的供应链运作建模[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(7)：37-40
[108]梁思振,张昌兵,葛静.电站引水系统面向对象的非恒定流建模与应用研究[J].水力发电学报,2010,29(1)：147-151
[109]游进军,甘泓,王浩,等.基于规则的水资源系统模拟[J].水利学报,2005,36(9)：1043-1049
[110]游进军,王忠静,甘泓.概念化水资源系统及其面向对象架构设计[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,47(9)：1457-1461
[111]徐祖信.我国河流综合水质标识指数评价方法研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(4)：482-488
[112]陆卫军,张涛.几种河流水质评价方法的比较分析[J].环境科学与管理,2009,34(6)：174-176
[113]邓峰.水质评价的一种新方法——模糊综合指数法[J].中国环境科学,1991,11(1)：63-66
[114]黄胜伟,董曼玲.自适应变步长BP神经网络在水质评价中的应用[J].水利学报,2002,(10)：119-123
[115]中华人民共和国环境保护部.地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838—2002)[S].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2002
[116]夏青,陈艳卿,刘宪兵.水质基准与水质标准[M].北京：中国标准出版社,2004
[117]徐祖信.我国河流单因子水质标识指数评价方法研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(3)：321-325
[118]彭文启,张祥伟.现代水环境质量评价理论和方法[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005
[119]Liping Wang, Bikui Zhao, Jinyan Zhan, et al. A Study on Water Quality Model of Raw Water Distribution System[C].2011 International Conference on Opto-Electronics Engineering and Information Science (ICOEIS 2011), Xi'an,2011,11(12):726-731
[120]周鹏程,王丽萍,赵璧奎,等.多水库水质模拟模型参数优化研究[J].水电能源科学,2012,(30)3：48-50
[121]刘方,纪昌明,赵璧奎,等.城市原水调配系统优化模型研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(3)：78-82
[122]赵璧奎,王丽萍,张验科,等.城市原水系统水质水量控制耦合模型研究[J].水利学报.2012(43)11：1373-1380
[123]Vanrolleghem P A, Benedetti L, Meirlaen J. Modelling and real-time control of the integrated urban wastewater system[J]. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2005,20(4):427-442
[124]游进军,薛小妮,牛存稳.水量水质联合调控思路与研究进展[J].水利水电技术,2010,(41)11：7-10
[125]董增川,卞戈亚,王船海,等.基于数值模拟的区域水量水质联合调度研究[J].水科学进展,2009,20(2)：184-189
[126]江涛,朱淑兰,张强,等.潮汐河网闸泵联合调度的水环境效应数值模拟[J].水利学报,2011,42(4)：388-395
[127]邵东国,郭宗楼.综合利用水库水量水质统一调度模型[J].水利学报,2000(8)：10-15
[128]左其亭,夏军.陆面水量-水质-生态耦合系统模型研究[J].水利学报,2002(2)：61-65
[129]陶月赞,蒋玲.地下水补给对河流污染物浓度衰减过程的影响[J].水利学报,2008,39(2)：245-249
[130]赵棣华,李来,陆家驹.长江江苏段二维水流-水质模拟[J].水利学报,2003(6)：72-77
[131]http://baike.baidu.com/view/1731634.htm[EB/OL].百度百科“耦合性”
[132]师黎,孙金生.反馈控制系统导论[M].北京：科学出版社,2005
[133]赵璧奎,王丽萍,张验科,等.大型城市原水系统水库水质模型研究[J].水电能源科学,2013,(31)2：43-46.
[2]中华人民共和国水利部公报[EB/OL].2012,4 http://www.mwr.gov.cn/zwzc/hygb/slbgb/201302/P020130218321043326828.pdf
[3]新华社一周看天下[EB/OL].http://news.qq.com/a/20130325/000346.htm#p=4
[4]国家发展改革委、水利部、住房城乡建设部.水利发展规划(2011—2015年)[N].中国水利报.2012-06-29
[5]许新宜.水资源可持续管理问题研究与实践[M].武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1998：126-129
[6]华士乾.水资源系统分析指南[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1988
[7]Maass A., Hufschmidt M. M., Dorfman R, et al. Design of water resource management[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1962
[8]Haimesyy, AlleeDJ. Multi-objective analysis in water resources[C].Newyork: Ameriean Soeiety of Civil Engineers,1982
[9]Labadie J.W, BodeD, PinedaA. Network model for decision-support simulate Palraw water supply[J].Water Resources Bulletin,1986,22(6).927-940
[10]Willis.R, William W-GYeh. Ground water system planning and management[M].New-Jersey:Prentice-Hall,1987
[11]Afzal Javaid, Noble David H. Optimization model for alternative use of different quality irrigation waters [J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1992,118(2):218-22
[12]Watkins David W, Jr Mckinney, Daene C Robust. Optimization for incorporating risk and uncertainty in sustainable water resources planning[J].International Association of Hydrological Sciences,1995,231(13): 225-232
[13]Wang M, Zhang C. Ground water management optimization using genetic algorithms and simulated annealing:Formulation and comparison[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,1998,34(3):519-530
[14]Minsker, Bs:Padera, B;Smalley, Jb. Efficient Methods for including Uncertainty and Multiple Objectives in Water Resources Management Models Using Genetic Algorithms[C].International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources, Calgary, Alberta (Canada).Canada,2000
[15]Rosegrant, M. W., Ringlet C., Mckinny, D. C., et al. Integrated Economic-hydrologic Water Modeling at the Basin Scale:the Maipo River Basin[J].Agricultural Economics,2000,24(l):33-46
[16]Teegavarapu R.S.V,Simonovic S.P. Optimal operation of reservoir simulated annealing[J].Water Resources Management,2002,16(5),401-428
[17]McKinney D C.Cai X.M.. Linking GIS and water Resource Management models:an method [J].Environmental Modeling & Software,2002,17(5):413-425
[18]Robert C. Mahan, Theodore M. Horbulyk, John G. Rowse. Market mechanisms and the efficient allocation of surface water resources in southern Alberta[J].Socio-Economic Planning Sciences,2002,36(1):25-49
[19]Ahmd JA, Sarm AG. Genetic algorithm for optimal operating policy of a multipurpose reservoir[J].Water Resources Management,2005,19(2):145-146
[20]Y.P. Li, G.H. Huang, Y.F. Huang, et al. A multistage fuzzy-stochastic programming model for supporting sustainable water-resources allocation and management[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2009,24(7):786-797
[21]Kucukmehmetoglu Mehmet, Guldmann Jean-Michel.Multiobjective Allocation of Transboundary Water Resources:Case of the Euphrates and Tigris [J].Water Resources Planning And Management,2010,136(1):95-105
[22]李雪萍.国内外水资源配置研究概述[J].海河水利,2002(5)：13-15
[23]甘泓,尹明万.河北省邯郸市水资源规划管理决策支持系统应用研究[J].中国水利水电科学研究院,1998
[24]尹明万,李令跃.大连市大沙河流域规划[M].中国水利水电科学研究院,1999
[25]贺北方,周丽.基于遗传算法的区域水资源优化配置模型[J].水电能源科学,2002,20(3)：10-13
[26]赵建世,王忠静,翁文斌.水资源复杂适应配置系统的理论与模型[J].地理学报,2002(6)：32-36
[27]卢华友,郭元裕.义乌市水资源系统分解协调决策模型研究[J].水利学报,1997,(6)：40-47
[28]黄牧涛,王乘,张勇传.灌区库群系统水资源优化配置模型研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(1)：93-95
[29]徐建新,商崇菊,高峰.基于可持续发展的水资源优化配置模型研究与应用[J].海河水利,2006(1)：40-43
[30]冯文琦,纪昌明.水资源优化配置中的市场交易博弈模型[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(11)：83-85
[31]王丽萍,王蕊,姜生斌.水资源系统多目标优化配置模型的研究及应用[J].华北电力大学学报,2007,34(4)：32-37
[32]黄少华,陈晓玲,王汉东.GIS环境下的流域水资源优化配置模型[J].人民长江,2009,40(04)：65-67
[33]朱勇华,张洪刚,范可旭.省际边界河流水资源优化配置模型及其文化算法研究[J].水电能科学,2010,28(11)：25-28
[34]刘遂庆.多水源供水系统泵站供水量优化分配[J].中国给水排水,1988,(05)：4-8
[35]刘敏南.供水管网水力计算与优化调度[J].水利学报,1995,(09)：32-39.
[36]张凤娥,殷志宁,李宏.EPANET水力模型在供水管网优化中的应用[J].给水排水,2007,(11)：200-202
[37]韩德宏,孙文深.深圳特区原水系统调度模型的建立[J].中国水利,2000(10)：43
[38]谢新民,岳春芳,阮本清,等.基于原水-净化水耦合配置的多目标递解控制模型[J].水利水电科技进展,2003,25(3)：11-14
[39]苏学敏.东江原水调水过程的自动化监控[J].广东水利水电,2004,5,(10)：79-80
[40]郭思元.城市供水原水系统优化调度理论及应用研究[J].同济大学,2005
[41]郑飞飞,刘遂庆,陶涛.多水源原水系统丰水期优化调度模型研究[J].河南科学,2008,(10)：1246-1249
[42]刘芬.根据原水供应成本差异优化原水调度[J].供水技术,2009,3,(2)：59-61
[43]朱雪明,黄澄,徐振强.青草沙水源地原水工程调度系统总体设计综述[J].给水排水,2009,11(35)：56-62
[44]夏禹,陶涛,方晔.珠海市原水系统应急调度研究[J].河南科学,2010,28(10)：1295-1299
[45]陶涛,夏禹,信昆仑.分散复杂多水源原水系统一级优化调度[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38,(12)：1772-1776
[46]张利娟,俞亭超.遗传算法在供水系统原水优化调度中应用[J].低温建筑技术,2011(06)：128-130
[47]Cech, Irina, Montera, Jeff. Spatial variations in total aluminum concentrations in drinking water supplies studied by geographic information system (GIS) methods [J].Water Research,2000,34(10):2703-2712
[48]Foster, J.A, McDonald, et al. Assessing pollution risks to water supply intakes using geographical information systems (GIS)[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2000,15(3):225-234
[49]Eker, Ilyas Kara, Tolgay. Operation and control of a water supply system[J].ISA Transactions,2003,42(3):461-473
[50]Eker, I. Grimble, M.J. Kara. Operation and simulation of city of Gaziantep water supply system in Turkey[J].Renewable Energy,2003,28(6):901-916
[51]Vieira, F. Ramos, H.M. Hybrid solution and pump-storage optimization in water supply system efficiency:A case study[J].Energy Policy,2008,36(11): 4142-4148
[52]Vieira, Filipe,Ramos, Helena M. Optimization of operational planning for wind/hydro hybrid water supply systems[J].Renewable Energy,2009,37(3):928-936
[53]Chung G, Lansey K, Bayraksan G. Reliable water supply system design under uncertainty[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2009,24(4):449-462
[54]Montalvo, Idel, Izquierdo, et al. Improved performance of PSO with self-adaptive parameters for computing the optimal design of Water Supply Systems[J].Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2010,23(5):727-735
[55]雒文生,宋星原.水环境分析及预测[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2004
[56]樊敏,顾兆林.水质模型研究进展及发展趋势[J].上海环境科学,2010,(06)：226-274
[57]万金保,李媛媛.湖泊水质模型研究进展[J].长江流域资源与环境,2007,16(6)：827-831
[58]叶常明.水环境数学模型的研究进展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,1993,(01)：74-81
[59]徐小明.大型河网水力水质数值模拟方法[D].河海大学,2001.
[60]崔建国,王俊岭.城市供水系统的优化调度模型研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2002,(03)：285-289
[61]谷照升,杨天行,彭泽洲.密云水库三维水质模拟技术[J].吉林大学学报(地 球科学版),2004,(01)：93-96
[62]Tecle. A., Fogel. M., Duckstein L.Multi-criterion selection of wastewater management alternatives[J].Water Resources Planning And Management,1988, 114(4):383-398
[63]Brendecke, C. M., DeOreo, et al. Network models of water rights and system operations[J].Water Resources Planning And Management,2008,115(5):684-696
[64]Neelakantan, T.R., N. V. Pundarikanthan.Neural network-based simulation-optimization model for reservoir operation[J]. Water Resources Planning And Management,2000,126(2):57-64
[65]Wardlaw R., M. Sharif. Evaluation of genetic algorithms for optimal reservoir system operation[J]. Water Resources Planning And Management.1999,125(1):25-33
[66]Loftis B, Labadie J W, Fontane D G.Optimal operation of a system of lakes for quality and quantity [C].Computer Applications in Water Resources, 1989:693-702
[67]Pingry D E, Shafteltl, Boleske.Role for decision-support systems in water-delivery design[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 1990,116(6):629-644
[68]Willeyrg, Smithd J, Duke JH. Modeling water-resource systems for water-quality management J] Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,1996,122(3):171-179
[69]Hayes D F, Labadie J W, Sanders TG. Enhancing water quality in hydropower system operations[J].Water Resources Research,1998,34(3):471-483
[70]王船海,李光炽.实用河网水流计算[M].南京：河海大学出版社,2000
[71]熊万永.福州内河引水冲污工程的实践与认识[J].中国给水排水,2000(7)：26-28
[72]李光烷,王船海.大型河网水流模拟的矩阵标识法[J].河海大学学报,1995(1)：36-43
[73]陈阳宇.大型潮汐河网水质模型的求解方法及其应用[J].人民珠江,1995(2)：44-48
[74]吴作平,杨国录,甘明辉.河网水流数值模拟方法研究[J].水科学进展,2003(3)：350-353
[75]程开宇.河网水流模拟计算数学模型探讨[J].东北水利水电,2005(3)：3-5
[76]徐贵泉,宋德蕃,黄士力,等.感潮河网水量水质模型及其数值模拟[J].应 用基础与工程科学学报,1996(1)：94-105
[77]徐贵泉,褚君达,吴祖扬,等.感潮河网水环境容量影响因素研究[J].水科学进展,2000(4)：375-380
[78]徐贵泉,褚君达,吴祖扬,等.感潮河网水环境容量数值计算[J].环境科学学报,2000(3)：263-268
[79]罗错,逢勇,罗清吉,等.太湖流域平原河网区往复流河道水环境容量计算[J].河海大学学报,2004(2)：144-146
[80]丁训静,姚琪,毛永根.太湖流域水质模拟[J].水资源保护,1998(4)：10-14
[81]孙忠风,薛联青.连云港市区水环境调度模型研究[J].水利水电技术,2003(5)：29-32
[82]曾凡棠,黄水祥.珠江三角洲潮汐河网水环境数学模型评述[J].海洋环境科学,2000(04)：46-50
[83]韩龙喜,陆冬.平原河网水流水质数值模拟研究展望[J].河海大学学报,2004(2)：127-130
[84]王好芳,董增川.基于量与质的多目标水资源配置模型[J].人民黄河,2004,26(6)：14-15
[85]吴泽宁,索丽生,曹茜.基于生态经济学的区域水质水量统一优化配置模型[J].灌溉排水学报,2007,26(2)：1-6
[86]董增川,卞戈亚,等.基于数值模拟的区域水量水质联合调度研究[J].水科学进展,2009,20(2)：184-189
[87]付意成,魏传江,王瑞年,等.水量水质联合调控模型及其应用[J].水电能源科学,2009,27(2)：31-35
[88]白玉川,万艳春,黄本胜,等.对河网非恒定流数值模拟的研究进展[J].水利学报,2000(12)：43-46
[89]徐国宾,王健,马超.耦合水质目标的三峡水库非汛期多目标优化调度模型[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(3)：78-84
[90]冯尚友.水资源系统工程[M].武汉：湖北科学技术出版社,1991
[91]钱学森,宋健.工程控制论[M].北京：科学出版社,1983
[92]孔金生,郑崇勋,刘林运,等.基于定量模型的MIMO (?)非线性系统定性控制[J].电机与控制学报,2002(1)：143-145
[93]Clocksin W.F., Morgan A.J.. Qualitative control[C].Proc.7th European Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Brighton,1986:350-356
[94]刘林运,万百五.定性控制综述[J].信息与控制,1998(1)：46-52
[95]傅国伟.河流水质数学模型模拟计算[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,1987
[96]徐祖信,廖振良.水质数学模型研究的发展阶段与空间层次[J].上海环境科学,2003,22(2)：79-85
[97]宋东辉,徐晶.综合水质模型河流微分方程组的平衡解[J].水电能源科学,2008,26(6)：51-53
[98]邵东国,郭宗楼.综合利用水库水量水质统一调度模型[J].水利学报,2000(8)：10-15
[99]王祥三,陈小江.三峡库湾二维随机水质预测模型的研究[J].水电能源科学,2001,19(3)：55-58
[100]杜军凯,李晓星,黄晓荣,等.基于GIS的克里金法对二维水质模型的改进[J].水电能源科学,2011,29(6)：36-40
[101]陈俊合,陈小红.水库三维Fe、Mn迁移模型——阿哈水库实例研究[J].水科学进展,1999,10(1)：14-19
[102]徐强,陈求稳,李伟峰,等.管网水力与水质模型在多水厂供水管理中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(13)：38-41
[103]汪定伟,王俊伟,王洪峰,等.智能优化算法[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2008
[104]钟平安,王会容,刘静楠,等.深圳市水资源系统优化调度模型研究[J]河海大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(6)：616-620
[105]刘烨,季石磊.C#编程及应用程序开发教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007
[106]常晓航.面向对象的导弹模型仿真软件系统架构研究[J].战术导弹技术,2009,(3)：71-75
[107]唐亮,于天彪,丁军妹,等.基于面向对象Petri网的供应链运作建模[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(7)：37-40
[108]梁思振,张昌兵,葛静.电站引水系统面向对象的非恒定流建模与应用研究[J].水力发电学报,2010,29(1)：147-151
[109]游进军,甘泓,王浩,等.基于规则的水资源系统模拟[J].水利学报,2005,36(9)：1043-1049
[110]游进军,王忠静,甘泓.概念化水资源系统及其面向对象架构设计[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,47(9)：1457-1461
[111]徐祖信.我国河流综合水质标识指数评价方法研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(4)：482-488
[112]陆卫军,张涛.几种河流水质评价方法的比较分析[J].环境科学与管理,2009,34(6)：174-176
[113]邓峰.水质评价的一种新方法——模糊综合指数法[J].中国环境科学,1991,11(1)：63-66
[114]黄胜伟,董曼玲.自适应变步长BP神经网络在水质评价中的应用[J].水利学报,2002,(10)：119-123
[115]中华人民共和国环境保护部.地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838—2002)[S].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2002
[116]夏青,陈艳卿,刘宪兵.水质基准与水质标准[M].北京：中国标准出版社,2004
[117]徐祖信.我国河流单因子水质标识指数评价方法研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(3)：321-325
[118]彭文启,张祥伟.现代水环境质量评价理论和方法[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005
[119]Liping Wang, Bikui Zhao, Jinyan Zhan, et al. A Study on Water Quality Model of Raw Water Distribution System[C].2011 International Conference on Opto-Electronics Engineering and Information Science (ICOEIS 2011), Xi'an,2011,11(12):726-731
[120]周鹏程,王丽萍,赵璧奎,等.多水库水质模拟模型参数优化研究[J].水电能源科学,2012,(30)3：48-50
[121]刘方,纪昌明,赵璧奎,等.城市原水调配系统优化模型研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(3)：78-82
[122]赵璧奎,王丽萍,张验科,等.城市原水系统水质水量控制耦合模型研究[J].水利学报.2012(43)11：1373-1380
[123]Vanrolleghem P A, Benedetti L, Meirlaen J. Modelling and real-time control of the integrated urban wastewater system[J]. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2005,20(4):427-442
[124]游进军,薛小妮,牛存稳.水量水质联合调控思路与研究进展[J].水利水电技术,2010,(41)11：7-10
[125]董增川,卞戈亚,王船海,等.基于数值模拟的区域水量水质联合调度研究[J].水科学进展,2009,20(2)：184-189
[126]江涛,朱淑兰,张强,等.潮汐河网闸泵联合调度的水环境效应数值模拟[J].水利学报,2011,42(4)：388-395
[127]邵东国,郭宗楼.综合利用水库水量水质统一调度模型[J].水利学报,2000(8)：10-15
[128]左其亭,夏军.陆面水量-水质-生态耦合系统模型研究[J].水利学报,2002(2)：61-65
[129]陶月赞,蒋玲.地下水补给对河流污染物浓度衰减过程的影响[J].水利学报,2008,39(2)：245-249
[130]赵棣华,李来,陆家驹.长江江苏段二维水流-水质模拟[J].水利学报,2003(6)：72-77
[131]http://baike.baidu.com/view/1731634.htm[EB/OL].百度百科“耦合性”
[132]师黎,孙金生.反馈控制系统导论[M].北京：科学出版社,2005
[133]赵璧奎,王丽萍,张验科,等.大型城市原水系统水库水质模型研究[J].水电能源科学,2013,(31)2：43-46.