刘家峡水电厂水轮发电机组增容改造分析研究
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摘要
对老水电机组进行更新改造，投资小，见效快，且结合更新改造可以进行一定的增容，这是已经被人们普遍认同的。刘家峡水电厂在西北电网中主要承担发电、调峰、调频和调压任务，是西北电网的骨干电站，在西北电力系统中处于十分重要的地位。全面提高机组的可靠稳定运行对于电厂安全、高效具有重要意义。
刘家峡水电厂五台机组自1974年全部投产发电，由于受当时技术条件的限制，设备运行二十多年后，可靠性明显降低，水轮机磨损严重，发电机绝缘老化，技术落后，自动化程度低，已迫切需要更新改造，结合改造，利用现代先进技术对机组进行增容，投资省，效益好。
由于水轮机水力性能的研究水平和测试手段不断提高，近年来产生了一大批性能很好的新型转轮，为老水电机组的增容改造提供了技术保证。
本人参加工作时，正值刘家峡水电厂机组改造起始阶段，参与了五台机组增容改造的全过程。本文以水轮发电机组为主要研究对象，对刘家峡电厂的水轮发电机组增容改造工作从可行性分析到具体改造进行详尽的阐述，重点分析机组增容改造的现实意义，旨在为我国老水电企业的机组增容改造提供宝贵的经验。
It is commonly accepted that it takes less investment and gains quick benefit to rehabilitate a old hydraulic generating set and enhance its capacity at the same time. As a backbone of the Northwest Power Network, Liujiaxia Hydropower Plant plays the roles of generate electricity, peak modulation, frequency modulation and voltage modulation. It is quite important to improve the reliability of operation for the safety and the high efficiency in power plant.
Liujiaxia Hydropower Plant has 5 generating sets. All the sets began to generate electricity in 1974. Because of the restriction of technology at that time, these problems come out: clearly degraded reliability, serious abrasion of turbine, aging of generator insulation, outdated technology, low automatization. It' s necessary to rehabilitate. We can enhance the capacity, using advanced modern technology during the rehabilitation. It costs less investment, but we much benefit.
A lot of new runners with high performance are produced in recent years because the study and the test methods of hydraulic performance of turbine are upgrading endlessly, which provides a technical guarantee to the old hydraulic generator sets.
It is the beginning of the rehabilitation in Liujiaxia Hydropower Plant when I started to work, so I participated in the whole rehabilitation. The article expatiates the feasibility and the materiality of the rehabilitation of generator sets in Liujiaxia Hydropower Plant. It mainly analyses the practical significance of the rehabilitation, so as to give old hydropower enterprises some precious experience.
刘家峡水电厂五台机组自1974年全部投产发电，由于受当时技术条件的限制，设备运行二十多年后，可靠性明显降低，水轮机磨损严重，发电机绝缘老化，技术落后，自动化程度低，已迫切需要更新改造，结合改造，利用现代先进技术对机组进行增容，投资省，效益好。
由于水轮机水力性能的研究水平和测试手段不断提高，近年来产生了一大批性能很好的新型转轮，为老水电机组的增容改造提供了技术保证。
本人参加工作时，正值刘家峡水电厂机组改造起始阶段，参与了五台机组增容改造的全过程。本文以水轮发电机组为主要研究对象，对刘家峡电厂的水轮发电机组增容改造工作从可行性分析到具体改造进行详尽的阐述，重点分析机组增容改造的现实意义，旨在为我国老水电企业的机组增容改造提供宝贵的经验。
It is commonly accepted that it takes less investment and gains quick benefit to rehabilitate a old hydraulic generating set and enhance its capacity at the same time. As a backbone of the Northwest Power Network, Liujiaxia Hydropower Plant plays the roles of generate electricity, peak modulation, frequency modulation and voltage modulation. It is quite important to improve the reliability of operation for the safety and the high efficiency in power plant.
Liujiaxia Hydropower Plant has 5 generating sets. All the sets began to generate electricity in 1974. Because of the restriction of technology at that time, these problems come out: clearly degraded reliability, serious abrasion of turbine, aging of generator insulation, outdated technology, low automatization. It' s necessary to rehabilitate. We can enhance the capacity, using advanced modern technology during the rehabilitation. It costs less investment, but we much benefit.
A lot of new runners with high performance are produced in recent years because the study and the test methods of hydraulic performance of turbine are upgrading endlessly, which provides a technical guarantee to the old hydraulic generator sets.
It is the beginning of the rehabilitation in Liujiaxia Hydropower Plant when I started to work, so I participated in the whole rehabilitation. The article expatiates the feasibility and the materiality of the rehabilitation of generator sets in Liujiaxia Hydropower Plant. It mainly analyses the practical significance of the rehabilitation, so as to give old hydropower enterprises some precious experience.
引文
[1] 汪恕诚，水电发展的出路何在，水力发电，1996．9
[2] 哈尔滨大电机研究所，水轮机设计手册，机械工业出版社，1976
[3] 程良俊，机械工业出版社，1984
[4] 季盛林、刘国柱，水轮机，水利电力出版社，1986．11
[5] 端润生，我国水电机组的技术改造，水力发电，1997．12
[6] 哈尔滨电机厂，刘家峡水电站水轮机增容改造可行性分析，1998，12
[7] 高建铭、姚志明，水轮机的水利计算，电力工业出版社，1982
[8] 曹昆、姚志明，水轮机原理及水力设计，清华大学出版社，1991
[9] 水电站机电设计手册编写组，水电站机电设计手册水利机械分册，水利电力出版社，1983
[10] 成都勘测设计院主编，水能设计，电力工业出版社，1980
[11] 沈祖冶、田树棠等，水力机械优化设计和计算机辅助分析，河海大学出版社，1995
[12] 张富钦，水轮机效率换算，东方电机，1991．1
[13] 刘大恺，水轮机，中国水利电力出版社，1997
[14] 张昌期，水轮机原理与数学模型，华中工学院出版社，1988．2
[15] 高建铭，水轮机及叶片泵结构，清华大学出版社，1992，11
[16] 史振声，水轮机，水利电力出版社，1992．6
[17] 常近时，水力机械过渡过程，机械工业出版社，1991
[18] 能源部水电站标准化技术委员会，水轮机模型验收规程：DL446-91，水利电力出版社，1992
[19] 魏先导，水力机组过渡过程计算，水利电力出版社，1991
[20] 哈尔滨大电机研究所，火电机、水轮机标准汇编，中国标准出版社，1997
[21] 全国水轮机标准化委员会，水轮机通流部件技术条件，中国标准出版社，1997
[22] 能源部水电站标准化技术委员会，水轮机基本技术规范：DL445-91，水利电力出版社，1992
[23] 陈新方，水轮机结构分析，水利电力出版社，1994
[24] 刘家峡水电厂，机组增容资料汇编，1994．12
[25] 《中国电力年鉴》编辑委员会，2000中国电力年鉴，中国电力出版社，2000．11
[26] 中国电力发展促进会、北京国联信通经济信息研究所，中国电力改革与发展通鉴，国际商务咨询传播技术股份有限公司，2002．12
[27] 王海等，水轮发电机组动平衡试验的相位校正，水电能源科学，2000．3
[28] 王海等，大型混流式水轮机组运行稳定性试验研究，动力工程，1999．19(增刊)
[29] Hydraulic Turbines.miroslav Nechleba.Artia Prague,1957
[30] V.RVasandani. Theory of Hydraulic Machines.Khanna Publishers,1980
[31] Robert T.Knapp. Cavitation.McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1980
[32] Bureau of Reclamation.Slecting Hydraulic Reaction Turbines,1976
[33] F.de Siervo.F.de Leva.Modern Trends in Selecting and Designing Francis Turbines,Water Power, 1976.8
[34] George EWislicenus.Fluid Mechanics of Turbomachinery.New York, 1965
[35] John K.Vennard.Fluid Mechanics, New York, 1963
[36] Hatch.Michael.Vibration simulation using MATLAB and ANSYS.Boca Raton:Chapman &Hall/C RC,2001
[37] Moaveni.S.Finite element analysis:theory and application with ANSYS.Prentice Hall,1999
[38] Hutarew Georg.Pegelungstechnik:Kurze Einfuhrung am Beispiel der Drehzahlgelung von Wasserturbinen.Berlin :Springer-Verlag, 1955
[39] M.Nechleba. Hydraulic Turbines their design and equipment.Prague Artia, 1957
[40] R.L.Daugherty. Hydraulic Turbines with a chapter on centrifugal pumps, 1951
[41] Preformance characteristics of Hydraulic Turbines and pumps presented the at the Winter Annual Meeting of the ASME.Boston.Mass.Nov. 13-18,1983
[2] 哈尔滨大电机研究所，水轮机设计手册，机械工业出版社，1976
[3] 程良俊，机械工业出版社，1984
[4] 季盛林、刘国柱，水轮机，水利电力出版社，1986．11
[5] 端润生，我国水电机组的技术改造，水力发电，1997．12
[6] 哈尔滨电机厂，刘家峡水电站水轮机增容改造可行性分析，1998，12
[7] 高建铭、姚志明，水轮机的水利计算，电力工业出版社，1982
[8] 曹昆、姚志明，水轮机原理及水力设计，清华大学出版社，1991
[9] 水电站机电设计手册编写组，水电站机电设计手册水利机械分册，水利电力出版社，1983
[10] 成都勘测设计院主编，水能设计，电力工业出版社，1980
[11] 沈祖冶、田树棠等，水力机械优化设计和计算机辅助分析，河海大学出版社，1995
[12] 张富钦，水轮机效率换算，东方电机，1991．1
[13] 刘大恺，水轮机，中国水利电力出版社，1997
[14] 张昌期，水轮机原理与数学模型，华中工学院出版社，1988．2
[15] 高建铭，水轮机及叶片泵结构，清华大学出版社，1992，11
[16] 史振声，水轮机，水利电力出版社，1992．6
[17] 常近时，水力机械过渡过程，机械工业出版社，1991
[18] 能源部水电站标准化技术委员会，水轮机模型验收规程：DL446-91，水利电力出版社，1992
[19] 魏先导，水力机组过渡过程计算，水利电力出版社，1991
[20] 哈尔滨大电机研究所，火电机、水轮机标准汇编，中国标准出版社，1997
[21] 全国水轮机标准化委员会，水轮机通流部件技术条件，中国标准出版社，1997
[22] 能源部水电站标准化技术委员会，水轮机基本技术规范：DL445-91，水利电力出版社，1992
[23] 陈新方，水轮机结构分析，水利电力出版社，1994
[24] 刘家峡水电厂，机组增容资料汇编，1994．12
[25] 《中国电力年鉴》编辑委员会，2000中国电力年鉴，中国电力出版社，2000．11
[26] 中国电力发展促进会、北京国联信通经济信息研究所，中国电力改革与发展通鉴，国际商务咨询传播技术股份有限公司，2002．12
[27] 王海等，水轮发电机组动平衡试验的相位校正，水电能源科学，2000．3
[28] 王海等，大型混流式水轮机组运行稳定性试验研究，动力工程，1999．19(增刊)
[29] Hydraulic Turbines.miroslav Nechleba.Artia Prague,1957
[30] V.RVasandani. Theory of Hydraulic Machines.Khanna Publishers,1980
[31] Robert T.Knapp. Cavitation.McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1980
[32] Bureau of Reclamation.Slecting Hydraulic Reaction Turbines,1976
[33] F.de Siervo.F.de Leva.Modern Trends in Selecting and Designing Francis Turbines,Water Power, 1976.8
[34] George EWislicenus.Fluid Mechanics of Turbomachinery.New York, 1965
[35] John K.Vennard.Fluid Mechanics, New York, 1963
[36] Hatch.Michael.Vibration simulation using MATLAB and ANSYS.Boca Raton:Chapman &Hall/C RC,2001
[37] Moaveni.S.Finite element analysis:theory and application with ANSYS.Prentice Hall,1999
[38] Hutarew Georg.Pegelungstechnik:Kurze Einfuhrung am Beispiel der Drehzahlgelung von Wasserturbinen.Berlin :Springer-Verlag, 1955
[39] M.Nechleba. Hydraulic Turbines their design and equipment.Prague Artia, 1957
[40] R.L.Daugherty. Hydraulic Turbines with a chapter on centrifugal pumps, 1951
[41] Preformance characteristics of Hydraulic Turbines and pumps presented the at the Winter Annual Meeting of the ASME.Boston.Mass.Nov. 13-18,1983
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