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转桨机组河床迳流式电站全枢纽过渡过程研究
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摘要
随着水电事业的发展,水电站系统变得越来越复杂。本文以黄河沙坡头水利枢纽电站系统为工程背景,对转桨机组河床迳流式电站全枢纽系统进行了过渡过程的数值模拟研究。
    针对转桨机组河床迳流式电站的枢纽系统,建立了全枢纽过渡过程的计算模型,并且编制了相应的计算程序,进行了计及河床涌浪的全枢纽系统的过渡过程仿真计算,该程序能对同一枢纽中含有不同型号机组的电站同时进行过渡过程计算。
    计算结果表明,对此类枢纽系统进行过渡过程仿真计算时,不能简化为管道加机组的简单系统进行仿真计算,而必须进行计及涌浪的全枢纽过渡过程仿真计算,才能从仿真结果中反应实际存在的涌浪对周围建筑物、行船以及枢纽系统的过渡过程的影响。
    为了能够得到比较准确的水轮机特性,对转桨机组的水轮机特性描述进行了初步的研究,并把修正水轮机特性的方法应用到了仿真计算中。
    本文对转桨机组在过渡过程中的桨叶划水产生水推力的数学模型进行了改进,在原来使用无边界螺旋桨进行等效的基础上,使用了导管螺旋桨对转桨机组中的桨叶划水进行等效,并且比较详细的分析了影响转桨机组轴向水推力的各个因素,以及给出了动态计算轴向水推力的公式,通过计算表明,使用改进后的动态水推力计算模型得到的结果能较好的反应实测的动态轴向水推力。
    本文应用上述方法编制了过渡过程仿真程序,并对黄河沙坡头水利枢纽系统各种常见工况进行了全枢纽系统的过渡过程计算,得到了满意的计算结果,并且得到工程设计单位的肯定。
By the development of hydraulic power project, the system of hydraulic power station is more and more complex. The all hinge of riverbed power station of the Kaplan turbine's transient is studied in this paper whose background is the Water Hinge of Power Station in Sha Potou on the Yellow River.
    Building up the math-model of transient for the all hinge of riverbed power station with the Kaplan turbine, building a simulation software for this kind of system and calculate the transient which take into account the effect of the ground swell on the riverbed. This program also can calculate the different kind of the Kaplan turbine.
    The result shows that the simply math-model which is pipe add turbine for this kind of system is unsuitable. The only way is that when calculating the transient of the all hinge of this system, the effect of the ground swell must be taken into account, the result shows that the ground swell will be effect the buildings around the river, the ship which run on the river and the transient of this hinge system.
    For getting the runner characteristics more correctly, researching the representation of runner characteristics of the Kaplan turbine in this paper, and using this method of modifying runner characteristics to calculate the transient of hydraulic power station.
    Improving the calculating model of the axial thrust in the Kaplan turbine's transient. Base on the theory of screw propeller without any boundary, using the theory of screw propeller with pipe, and the formula to calculate the dynamic axial thrust during transient is developed. And the factors that influence the thrust are discussed and chosen in this paper. The calculated results are closed with that obtained by experiment.
    Transient simulation programs have been developed based on the models above, and were put into practice of the transient simulations of the Water
    
    Hinge of Power Station in Sha Potou on the Yellow River. Satisfying computation results which were gotten from the transient simulations validated the rationality of the design of the projects and were confirmed by the designer and builder.
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