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长庆上古气藏高温高压下岩石渗透率实验室研究
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摘要
本文主要采用薄片、岩心等资料,以试验分析为手段,对本区储层岩石的常规渗透率(塞状、全直径岩心)、围压渗透率、地层条件下渗透率进行了测试研究;分析了压力、温度对渗透率产生的影响;全直径全模拟不同生产压差下岩石的渗透率,根据渗透率的变化规律,结合气田开发的相关理论和矿场实际,从保护储层的角度出发提出上古气藏的合理生产压差和单井合理产量;最后综合本区储层的岩石学特征、储层物性、孔隙结构以及实验室动态资料对本区储层进行了综合评价,研究结果表明:
     1)长庆上古气藏属于致密低孔低渗储层;
     2)岩石渗透率随围压的增大而降低,渗透率越低,上覆压力的影响越大;
     3)高温下的渗透率明显低于相同条件下的常温渗透率,温度使渗透率的降低是随着渗透率的降低而表现出增大的趋势;
     4)全模拟不同生产压差下的岩石渗透率远低于高温高压条件下无束缚水时渗透率。
     根据全模拟降压开采过程中不同模拟压差下的渗透率测定结果,结合本区储层情况,从保护储层和渗透率敏感的角度提出以下建议:
     1)对于Ⅰ类储层临界生产压差应小于1MPa,Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类储层可将临界生产压差控制在4MPa范围内,而Ⅳ类储层的临界生产压差选择在11MPa范围内比较合适;
     2)应加强对储层的敏感性研究,特别是钻完井过程中的工艺措施、钻完井液的配方研究,以防止和减轻微粒侵入和水锁伤害
     3)建议在该地区实施大型水力压裂,以建立人工裂缝,这是致密低渗储层开发的有利途径,但仍要注意水锁,使用滤失量少的水基流体,减少侵入深度。
By use of the data of thin section and core, the paper is focus on the use of experimental analyse to study the reservoir's permeability under ambient conditions (plug and whole core samples), confining pressure and formation conditions, and analyzes the influence that pressure and temperature have on permeability. Simulate different producting pressure drop and based on the permeabilities' changing law, linking the theory of gas field development and the field reality, stating from the reservoir protection, the paper gives reasonable producting pressure drop and per-well production. Finally, the paper evaluates comprehensively the reservoir by summing up the petrology features, physical properties, pore structure and performance data. The results indicate that:
    1) The Changqing upper Paleozoic reservoir is tight reservoir with low porosity and low permeability.
    2) Confining pressure increased, rock permeability is lowering. The more low, and the influence is the more greatly.
    3) The permeability with high temperature is obviously lower than that with normal temperature under the same confining pressure condition. The decrease temperature makes is increasing as the permeability lowered.
    4) Permeability by simulating different producting pressure drop is more lower than the one with no irreducible water under high pressure and high temperature.
    According to the results of different simulating pressure drop in the course of simulating production and combining with the reservoir, the paper puts forward some proposals from reservoir protection and permeability sensitivity angle.
    1) The critical producting pressure drop of type I reservoir should be under IMPa. The type II and III reservoir should be controlled within 4MPa, and 11 MPa is suitable to the type IV.
    2) Strengthen the study of reservoir sensitivity, especially the process measure in the course of well drilling and completion, the study of prescription of drilling and completion fluid, to avoid and lighten particle encroaching and water lock effect..
    3) Carry out large hydraulic fracturing to establish created fracture which is the favorable way. Pay attention to the water lock effect and use nonpenetrating-type fluid to decrease the encroaching depth.
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