蒸汽驱重油开发技术在大庆油田应用研究
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摘要
自20世纪50年代用蒸汽刺激高粘油生产以来,注蒸汽在石油工业界已得到广泛的应用。注蒸汽开发主要包括蒸汽吞吐和蒸汽驱两种方式。蒸汽吞吐的开采机理和工艺技术比较简单,适用范围广,但加热范围有限,采收率一般较低。因此,对采用注蒸汽开发的稠油油藏,在蒸汽吞吐之后一般都应进行蒸汽驱开发,以进一步提高采收率。
本次研究针对一个经过多年的注水开发,含水已进入中高含水期,油藏又存在边水和可动地层水的油藏,蒸汽驱是否可行尚难判定。为了减少风险,稳妥的做法是,先开展蒸汽吞吐试验,根据试验结果和认识,再确定下一步的开发方式,为全油藏开发调整积累经验、创造条件。
根据相关专家的选定,试验区位于2707井—2548井—374井—469井的连线范围内(面积0.985km2),试验区情况与全区情况基本接近。首先对该实验区进行油藏蒸汽驱开采物理模拟研究。模拟研究说明:蒸汽驱或热水驱的驱油效率与水驱程度关系不大,驱油效率主要取决于驱替介质的温度、性质(蒸汽或热水)等因素。并且对于一个具体油藏,其岩心的高温相对渗透率特点与其水驱程度如何关系不大。同时,饱和条件下提高蒸汽温度,原油的蒸馏率增加的有限。最后,进行油藏蒸汽驱开采数值模拟研究和效果评价。
试验结果表明:
1.对于埋藏较浅、地层压力较低、物性较好、一次采出程度较低的稠油油藏,注蒸汽热采可以获得较好的开发效果,大幅度提高稠油油藏的采油速度;
2.采用注蒸汽开发方式,不仅提高了油层温度及油层的动用程度,而且改善油层渗流特征,使油相对渗透率增加,水相对渗透率减小,起到降水增油的效果;
3.已水淹油层的射孔井段优选尤为重要,射孔时必须避射水淹层,以提高单井的产油量,可有效地抑制边水的推进速度;
4.合理的注采参数,是确保注汽质量是获得良好的开发效果关键性因素。
From 1950 the injecting-steam is popular in petroleum field,including steam in-out and steam driving. The steam in-out is an easy way but poor efficiency; therefore the steam driving will be the next step to achieve the great efficiency.
The object of this study is the oil reservoir which is with years of developing by water drive,now during its period of medium or high water content,has edge water and movable formation water. It is hard to decide whether steam drive is practical or not. In order to decrease the risk,the reliable technique is to conduct experiments of steam in-out at first, after analyzing of the experiments,and then decide next developing technique,so as to accumulate experiences for correction of oil reservoir developing.
According to the exporters’decision that the block is in the lines of well 2707—well 2548—well 374—well 469.The block is familiar to the all zone. The result of physical simulation experiment tell us the oil displacement efficiency is noting with the water drive index. Therefore it is related to the temperature and property of the drive medium. As well as the enhancement of gas temperature in saturate condition can not enhance the distillation yield of oil.
The result:
1) The injecting-steam is a great way to enhance the recovery rate for the reservoir with low buried,low pressure and good physical character.
2) It’s not only increasing the temperature and the producing reserves rate of the pay zone but also adding the oil production.
3) It’s important to keep away from the water flooded reservoir as perforating to enhancing the production.
4) The producer-injector parameters and the gas quality are the crucial factor for development effect.
本次研究针对一个经过多年的注水开发,含水已进入中高含水期,油藏又存在边水和可动地层水的油藏,蒸汽驱是否可行尚难判定。为了减少风险,稳妥的做法是,先开展蒸汽吞吐试验,根据试验结果和认识,再确定下一步的开发方式,为全油藏开发调整积累经验、创造条件。
根据相关专家的选定,试验区位于2707井—2548井—374井—469井的连线范围内(面积0.985km2),试验区情况与全区情况基本接近。首先对该实验区进行油藏蒸汽驱开采物理模拟研究。模拟研究说明:蒸汽驱或热水驱的驱油效率与水驱程度关系不大,驱油效率主要取决于驱替介质的温度、性质(蒸汽或热水)等因素。并且对于一个具体油藏,其岩心的高温相对渗透率特点与其水驱程度如何关系不大。同时,饱和条件下提高蒸汽温度,原油的蒸馏率增加的有限。最后,进行油藏蒸汽驱开采数值模拟研究和效果评价。
试验结果表明:
1.对于埋藏较浅、地层压力较低、物性较好、一次采出程度较低的稠油油藏,注蒸汽热采可以获得较好的开发效果,大幅度提高稠油油藏的采油速度;
2.采用注蒸汽开发方式,不仅提高了油层温度及油层的动用程度,而且改善油层渗流特征,使油相对渗透率增加,水相对渗透率减小,起到降水增油的效果;
3.已水淹油层的射孔井段优选尤为重要,射孔时必须避射水淹层,以提高单井的产油量,可有效地抑制边水的推进速度;
4.合理的注采参数,是确保注汽质量是获得良好的开发效果关键性因素。
From 1950 the injecting-steam is popular in petroleum field,including steam in-out and steam driving. The steam in-out is an easy way but poor efficiency; therefore the steam driving will be the next step to achieve the great efficiency.
The object of this study is the oil reservoir which is with years of developing by water drive,now during its period of medium or high water content,has edge water and movable formation water. It is hard to decide whether steam drive is practical or not. In order to decrease the risk,the reliable technique is to conduct experiments of steam in-out at first, after analyzing of the experiments,and then decide next developing technique,so as to accumulate experiences for correction of oil reservoir developing.
According to the exporters’decision that the block is in the lines of well 2707—well 2548—well 374—well 469.The block is familiar to the all zone. The result of physical simulation experiment tell us the oil displacement efficiency is noting with the water drive index. Therefore it is related to the temperature and property of the drive medium. As well as the enhancement of gas temperature in saturate condition can not enhance the distillation yield of oil.
The result:
1) The injecting-steam is a great way to enhance the recovery rate for the reservoir with low buried,low pressure and good physical character.
2) It’s not only increasing the temperature and the producing reserves rate of the pay zone but also adding the oil production.
3) It’s important to keep away from the water flooded reservoir as perforating to enhancing the production.
4) The producer-injector parameters and the gas quality are the crucial factor for development effect.
引文
[1]顿铁军.中国石油勘探发展趋向及展望-兼论稠油油藏.西安工程学院学报,1998.9
[2] Donald G. Nelson. Reserves Are Added By Re-Thinking a 1983 Steamflood Pilot. IPTC-11894-MS
[3] P.Egermann. SAGD Performance Optimization Through Numerical Simulations.JPT Jun,2001
[4] Shin H.. Optimizing the SAGD process in three major Canadian oil-sands areas. SPE 95754
[5] Bowman, C.H. A Successful Cyclic Steam Injection Project in the Santa Barbara Field, Eastern Venezuela.SPE.2290-PA
[6]KCHong.蒸汽驱的工程技术新进展.国外石油工程,2000.1
[7]常琉文.稠油热采技术新进展.石油工业出版社,1997.7
[8]刘文章著.稠油注蒸汽热采工程.石油工业出版社,1997
[9]I.Palaz、汪中浩译.蒸汽法提高原油采收率的模拟系统
[10]B.T.Willman et al.Laboratory Studies of Oil Recovery by Steam Injection.JPT.July 1961.
[11]程炎等.原油粘度对注蒸汽开采效果的影响.中国-加拿大国际稠油技术讨论会论文集,1987.10
[12]周光辉、王建设.温度影响油水相对渗透率的机理.中国石油学报,第13卷,1992.7
[13]黄炳光、刘蜀知著.实用油减工程与动态分析方法.石油工业出版社,1998.1
[14]刘斌.稠油蒸汽吞吐阶段采收率计算公式研究.河南石油,1996.1
[15]刘文章.关于我国稠油分类、热采筛选标准及储量分等问题的研究.石油工业标准化季刊,1985年第2期
[16]廖广志,罗梅鲜,刘颖等.浅层稠油油藏热采合理井网密度及加密可行性研究.石油勘探与开发,1995.6
[17]罗治形、古丽扎尔.准噶尔盆地西北缘开发多层系浅层稠油藏的认识.新疆石油学院学报,1999.2
[18]蒲海洋,杨双虎,张红梅.蒸汽吞吐效果预测及注汽参数优化方法研究.石油勘探与开发,1998.6
[19]黄善波、王弥康.专家系统在蒸汽吞吐中的应用.油气采收率技术,1997
[2] Donald G. Nelson. Reserves Are Added By Re-Thinking a 1983 Steamflood Pilot. IPTC-11894-MS
[3] P.Egermann. SAGD Performance Optimization Through Numerical Simulations.JPT Jun,2001
[4] Shin H.. Optimizing the SAGD process in three major Canadian oil-sands areas. SPE 95754
[5] Bowman, C.H. A Successful Cyclic Steam Injection Project in the Santa Barbara Field, Eastern Venezuela.SPE.2290-PA
[6]KCHong.蒸汽驱的工程技术新进展.国外石油工程,2000.1
[7]常琉文.稠油热采技术新进展.石油工业出版社,1997.7
[8]刘文章著.稠油注蒸汽热采工程.石油工业出版社,1997
[9]I.Palaz、汪中浩译.蒸汽法提高原油采收率的模拟系统
[10]B.T.Willman et al.Laboratory Studies of Oil Recovery by Steam Injection.JPT.July 1961.
[11]程炎等.原油粘度对注蒸汽开采效果的影响.中国-加拿大国际稠油技术讨论会论文集,1987.10
[12]周光辉、王建设.温度影响油水相对渗透率的机理.中国石油学报,第13卷,1992.7
[13]黄炳光、刘蜀知著.实用油减工程与动态分析方法.石油工业出版社,1998.1
[14]刘斌.稠油蒸汽吞吐阶段采收率计算公式研究.河南石油,1996.1
[15]刘文章.关于我国稠油分类、热采筛选标准及储量分等问题的研究.石油工业标准化季刊,1985年第2期
[16]廖广志,罗梅鲜,刘颖等.浅层稠油油藏热采合理井网密度及加密可行性研究.石油勘探与开发,1995.6
[17]罗治形、古丽扎尔.准噶尔盆地西北缘开发多层系浅层稠油藏的认识.新疆石油学院学报,1999.2
[18]蒲海洋,杨双虎,张红梅.蒸汽吞吐效果预测及注汽参数优化方法研究.石油勘探与开发,1998.6
[19]黄善波、王弥康.专家系统在蒸汽吞吐中的应用.油气采收率技术,1997
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