陕北矿区环境安全评价体系的构建及应用
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摘要
近年来,我国高速发展的社会经济对于能源的需求与日俱增。而煤炭作为我国主要的能源来源,煤炭开发的高速扩张和大规模开采就成为一种必然。但煤资源大规模高速开发和与之相对应的环境支撑滞后的矛盾逐级凸显,并随着煤资源开发步伐的进一步加深而使得当地区域生存环境进一步的恶化,已开始威胁到矿区居民、职工的健康和人身安全。尤其是国家能源重地陕北矿区的低环境承载力所遇到的矿区社会经济与环境与人的严重失衡而产生了矿区环境“安全”层次的重大危机。本文结合陕北矿区水资源缺乏、水土流失、荒漠化严重以及矿区近年煤开采带来的矿区环境卫生不安全状况为主要问题,依照安全评价原则和环境评价理论,合理构建陕北矿区环境安全评价体系并进行矿区环境状况安全评价。
矿区环境安全评价体系主要研究内容有以下三部分,明确矿区环境安全范畴、合理构建符合当地实际状况的环境安全评价指标体系、选取合理有效的矿区环境安全评价方法进行环境安全评价。合理构建评价指标体系方面主要从近年来陕北矿区在大气、水、地表破坏、固废、作业环境等几方面矿区环境安全要素的分析来对比实际矿区环境安全状况,有重点有代表性的合理选取指标并建立环境安全评价体系。在评价过程中,采用定量指标为主定性指标为辅相结合的综合评价,为了提高指标评定和量化的准确性,主体定量指标的赋值我们结合客观实际,依靠各指标的国家、行业标准以及相关从实践中总结的经验、数据来构建函数合理取值,将其转化为0至1的归一分级量化值。结合AHP算出的指标权重,运用指标加权求和的方式得出最终的陕北矿区环境安全状况评价分值。并结合实例评价结果给出矿区环境安全预防治理措施建议。为政府实施煤矿山生态环境问题防治工程和矿区企业制定相关EHS体系及措施对策提供参考依据。
Recently years, China's rapid development of social economy increasing demand for energy. The coal took our country main energy, the coal mining industry high speed expansion and large-scale mining will become a necessity. But a massive high-speed development and coal resources with the corresponding environmental support lagging behind the contradictions, and with uploaded highlight the pace of coal resources development further deepens the area gives local worsen living environment conditions began to threaten mining area residents, workers' health and safety. Especially the national energy centre of environmental bearing capacity of shaanxi mine social economy and met mining area environment and human imbalance which produced the mining area environment "safe" levels of major crises. This article based on the shortage of water resources, soil erosion, desertification serious and highlights due in mining coal,and mining area environment of bring health security situation as the main problems, according to the safety evaluation principles and environmental evaluation theory, it construct and evaluate the mining area environmental safety evaluation system .
The mining area environmental safety evaluation system research content has the following three parts, clear the mining area environment safety category, construction of compliance with local actual condition environmental safety evaluation index system, selecting reasonable and effective mining area environment safety assessment methods to conduct environmental safety evaluation. We structure the evaluation index system mainly from the North Shanxi mining area in recent years in the atmosphere, water, the surface destruction, solid waste, mining operating environment and other aspects of environmental safety factors to compare the actual mining environment safety situation, there is a reasonable and representative focus Select indicators and environmental safety evaluation system. Meanwhile in evaluation process, we mainly qualitative indexes by using the quantitative indexes, supplemented by the method of combining quantitative qualitative evaluation, in order to improve the accuracy of evaluation and quantization index, quantitative index assignment we combined with the objective reality, based on the indexes countries, industry standards and experts from practice of experience to obtained function value and transformed into 0 to 1 shall be a grading quantitative values. Combined with AHP calculate the index weight, with the index eventually weighted summation of the way shaanxi that mining area environment safety assessment score. And unifies the measure results to give the mining area environmental safety prevention government measure suggestion.For the government implemented the coal mine ecological environment problems control project planning and mining enterprises to formulate their EHS system and measures to provide reference for countermeasures.
矿区环境安全评价体系主要研究内容有以下三部分,明确矿区环境安全范畴、合理构建符合当地实际状况的环境安全评价指标体系、选取合理有效的矿区环境安全评价方法进行环境安全评价。合理构建评价指标体系方面主要从近年来陕北矿区在大气、水、地表破坏、固废、作业环境等几方面矿区环境安全要素的分析来对比实际矿区环境安全状况,有重点有代表性的合理选取指标并建立环境安全评价体系。在评价过程中,采用定量指标为主定性指标为辅相结合的综合评价,为了提高指标评定和量化的准确性,主体定量指标的赋值我们结合客观实际,依靠各指标的国家、行业标准以及相关从实践中总结的经验、数据来构建函数合理取值,将其转化为0至1的归一分级量化值。结合AHP算出的指标权重,运用指标加权求和的方式得出最终的陕北矿区环境安全状况评价分值。并结合实例评价结果给出矿区环境安全预防治理措施建议。为政府实施煤矿山生态环境问题防治工程和矿区企业制定相关EHS体系及措施对策提供参考依据。
Recently years, China's rapid development of social economy increasing demand for energy. The coal took our country main energy, the coal mining industry high speed expansion and large-scale mining will become a necessity. But a massive high-speed development and coal resources with the corresponding environmental support lagging behind the contradictions, and with uploaded highlight the pace of coal resources development further deepens the area gives local worsen living environment conditions began to threaten mining area residents, workers' health and safety. Especially the national energy centre of environmental bearing capacity of shaanxi mine social economy and met mining area environment and human imbalance which produced the mining area environment "safe" levels of major crises. This article based on the shortage of water resources, soil erosion, desertification serious and highlights due in mining coal,and mining area environment of bring health security situation as the main problems, according to the safety evaluation principles and environmental evaluation theory, it construct and evaluate the mining area environmental safety evaluation system .
The mining area environmental safety evaluation system research content has the following three parts, clear the mining area environment safety category, construction of compliance with local actual condition environmental safety evaluation index system, selecting reasonable and effective mining area environment safety assessment methods to conduct environmental safety evaluation. We structure the evaluation index system mainly from the North Shanxi mining area in recent years in the atmosphere, water, the surface destruction, solid waste, mining operating environment and other aspects of environmental safety factors to compare the actual mining environment safety situation, there is a reasonable and representative focus Select indicators and environmental safety evaluation system. Meanwhile in evaluation process, we mainly qualitative indexes by using the quantitative indexes, supplemented by the method of combining quantitative qualitative evaluation, in order to improve the accuracy of evaluation and quantization index, quantitative index assignment we combined with the objective reality, based on the indexes countries, industry standards and experts from practice of experience to obtained function value and transformed into 0 to 1 shall be a grading quantitative values. Combined with AHP calculate the index weight, with the index eventually weighted summation of the way shaanxi that mining area environment safety assessment score. And unifies the measure results to give the mining area environmental safety prevention government measure suggestion.For the government implemented the coal mine ecological environment problems control project planning and mining enterprises to formulate their EHS system and measures to provide reference for countermeasures.
引文
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[10]李白英主编开采损害与环境保护[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2003.9
[11]李茜,毕如田煤矿可持续发展与煤矿开采环境问题[J].生产力研究,2005,(3):161～162
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[20]蔡守秋论环境安全问题[J].安全与环境学报,2001,1(5):28～32
[21]李康西部大开发中的生态安全问题[J].环境科学研究,2001,14,(1):1～3
[22]虞孝感长江流域生态安全问题及建议[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(3):294～298
[23]刘钟龄,朱宗元,郝敦元黑河流域地域系统的下游绿洲带资源—环境安全问题[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(3):286～293
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[25]文军国家环境安全及其对中国的启示[J].社会科学战线,2001,(1):197～203
[26]孔繁德中国古代文明持续发展与生态环境的关系[J].中国环境科学,1996,16(2): 100～105
[27]Thomas Homer - Dixon, Jessica Blitt. Ecoviolence: Links Among Environment, Population, and Security, by Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 1998.
[28]Thomas F. Homer-Dixon,Environment, Scarcity, and Violence, by Princeton University Press, 1999.
[29]Mirian R. Lowi, Brian R. Shaw. Environment and Securiyt: Discourses and Practices, by ST.Martin’s Press, Inc. 2000.
[30]Alan Dupont.The Environment and Security in Pacific Asia, 1998.
[31]Porfiriev Bn. The Environmental Dimension of National-security–a Test of Systems-analysisMethods. Environ manage,1992,16 (6): 735～742 .
[32]Allenby Br. Environmental Security: Concept and Implementation. Int Polit Sci Rev, 2000,21 (1): 5～21.
[33]Gareth Porter. Environmental Security as a National Security Issue, Current history, May 1995, 218～222.
[34]Ken Conca.The Environmental-security Trap, Dissent, summer 1998,40～45.
[35]Mgno Fa. Environmental Security in the South China Sea. Security Dialogue,1997 , 28 (1): 97～112.
[36]张勇,叶文虎国内外环境安全研究进展述评[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2006,16(3) :132～133
[37]林文兴浅谈煤矿建设项目的环境影响评价[Z].能源与环境,2004,(3):48～50
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