污水处理过程的计算机监控研究
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摘要
本文介绍了国内外污水处理及其自动控制系统的发展过程、当今水平和提高自动化程度的若干新技术；研究了污水处理自动控制系统的内在结构、控制规律、主要特点和设计方法；选取污水处理中的典型参数温度、溶解氧、PH值和液位等为控制对象，设计了以个人计算机为上位机、以8098单片机为下位机，并辅之以传感器、变送器及相关接口单元所构成的二级集散控制系统(DCS)；介绍了几个主要程序模块的设计思路、工作过程，这些程序模块是：用高级语言Visual Basic6.0开发的上位机人机交互界面程序、数据处理和图表输出程序，用执行效率高的汇编语言开发的下位机数据采集与系统监控程序、上位机与下位机之间的数据通信程序，汇编语言与VB之间的转接程序，等等。
污水处理集散控制系统的硬件和软件都采用模块化设计，硬件模块便于生产、扩展和维护，软件模块便于修改、扩充或升级。
本项研究的积极意义在于：为污水处理厂自动控制系统的模块化、集成化、智能化设计做出了有益的尝试，为提高我国污水处理自动化程度提供了有参考价值的设计思路。
This paper introduces the development process of wastewater disposal,it's auto control system,the level of nowadays and several new techniques of China and foreign countries. The immanent structure,control rules,main features and design methods of auto control systems in wastewater disposal process are studied in this paper. Aiming at four typical parameters,such as temperature,dissolved oxygen,PH and the planes of water,the Distributed Control System is designed,composed by PC called epigyny computer and SCM 8098 called hypogyny computer,and some sensors,shift deliver utensils and related meet orifices of parameters gathering and figures communication. The idea and work processes of some program modules are also introduced here. The programs in epigyny computer include the program of mutual interface between operator and computer,figure disposal program and chart output program,which are exploited with Visual Basic 6.0. And the programs in hypogyny computer are composed by figure gathering program,the progr
am of supervision and control of system,communication program and meet orifice program between assemble language and VB,which are designed with assemble language.
This system is designed by the way of modularization. The hardware modules are easy to produce,extend and keep,and the software modules are easy to modify,expand and upgrade.
The fruitful meaning of the thesis is that some valuable attempt for modularization,integration and intelligentize of auto control in wastewater disposal has been done,and it provides a valuable reference idea for advancing the level of auto control system in wastewater disposal plant in our country.
污水处理集散控制系统的硬件和软件都采用模块化设计，硬件模块便于生产、扩展和维护，软件模块便于修改、扩充或升级。
本项研究的积极意义在于：为污水处理厂自动控制系统的模块化、集成化、智能化设计做出了有益的尝试，为提高我国污水处理自动化程度提供了有参考价值的设计思路。
This paper introduces the development process of wastewater disposal,it's auto control system,the level of nowadays and several new techniques of China and foreign countries. The immanent structure,control rules,main features and design methods of auto control systems in wastewater disposal process are studied in this paper. Aiming at four typical parameters,such as temperature,dissolved oxygen,PH and the planes of water,the Distributed Control System is designed,composed by PC called epigyny computer and SCM 8098 called hypogyny computer,and some sensors,shift deliver utensils and related meet orifices of parameters gathering and figures communication. The idea and work processes of some program modules are also introduced here. The programs in epigyny computer include the program of mutual interface between operator and computer,figure disposal program and chart output program,which are exploited with Visual Basic 6.0. And the programs in hypogyny computer are composed by figure gathering program,the progr
am of supervision and control of system,communication program and meet orifice program between assemble language and VB,which are designed with assemble language.
This system is designed by the way of modularization. The hardware modules are easy to produce,extend and keep,and the software modules are easy to modify,expand and upgrade.
The fruitful meaning of the thesis is that some valuable attempt for modularization,integration and intelligentize of auto control in wastewater disposal has been done,and it provides a valuable reference idea for advancing the level of auto control system in wastewater disposal plant in our country.
引文
[1] 杨立福等．给水排水自动化技术(SCADA)综述，给水排水，VOL.26, NO.3, 2000,P72～78．
[2] 王俊清等．自控技术在污水处理系统中的应用，环境保护科学，VOL.26, NO.97, 2000, P19～20．
[3] 佟玉衡编．实用废水处理技术，化学工业出版社，1998，P257～261
[4] 唐受印等编．废水处理工程，化学工业出版社，1998，P7～12，P189～192
[5] Hillenbrand T. Boehm E.Massnahmen zur Verbesserung der Denitifikation, 1997,P514～529.
[6] Peng Yongzhen, Huang Juchang,Masao Kuroda, Zhou Li. Use of ORP for Controlling SBR Aeration Cycle. WEFTEC Asia Singapore'98, 1998, P379～386.
[7] 王淑莹等．SBR法计算机自动控制系统的研究，给水排水，VOL.26, NO.3, 2000, P76～78．
[8] 单根立等．计算机集散控制系统中的故障的显示与报警，机电工程，VOL.17, NO.5,2000, P31～32．
[9] 陈立定，具有预测功能的PH值控制系统，自动化仪表，VOL.22, NO.1, 2001, P36～37．
[10] 田家辉．唐家水厂自控系统的设计特点，中国给水排水，VOL. 17, NO.2, 2001, P40～42．
[11] 朱振华．TCS在污水处理控制系统中的应用，工业控制计算机，VOL. 13, NO.4, 2000,P61～63．
[12] 牛学义．济宁污水处理厂控制系统的特点，给水排水，VOL. 26, NO.6, 2000, P75～78．
[13] 孙廷才，王杰，孙中健．工业控制计算机组成原理，清华大学出版社．2001，P101～124．
[14] 蔡德聪等．工业控制计算机实时操作系统，清华大学出版社．1996，P101～124．
[15] 肖建．现代控制系统综合与设计，中国铁道出版社．2000，P129～151．
[16] Tsai Y P et al. Effluent Suspended Solid Control of Activated Sludge Process by Fuzzy Control Approach, Wat Environ Res,VOL.68, NO.6, 1996, P1045～1053.
[17] Jan Axelson, Serial Port Complete, 1998, P45～P51.
[18] Austrom, Directions in Intelligent Control, IFAC International Symposium, ITAC91.
[19] Eric Brierley, Anthony Prince,David Rinaldi. The Waite Group's Vosra Basic 6 How-To, 1999, P445～P515.
[20] Ferrer J. Energy Saving in The Aeration Process by Fuzzy Logic Control, Wat Sci Tech, VOL. 38, NO.3, 1998,P209～217.
[21] 刘复华．8098单片机及其应用系统设计，清华大学出版社．1992，P41～55．
[22] 陆畹青．8098单片机原理与应用，同济大学出版社．1998，P21～24．
[23] 张毅刚，乔景渌．8098单片机应用设计，电子工业出版社．1993，P121～142．
[24] 李新民 李勋等．8098单片微型计算机应用技术，北京航空航天大学出版社．1994，P183～P205．
[25] 张亚刚等．利用VB实现上位机对变频器的远程监控，工业控制计算机，VOL.14, NO.12, 2001, P14～17．
[26] 刘定晟等．用Visual Basic实现测控软件中的实时曲线和历史曲线，工业控制计算机，VOL.14, NO.4, 2001, P32～34.
[27] 钟一文．VB中结合Excel进行报表制作及报表的Internet传送，计算机应用研究，VOL.17, NO.8, 2001, P142～150．
[28] 刘建武．利用VB开发无线通讯程序，工业控制计算机，VOL.14, NO.5, 2001, P7～10．
[29] 黄飞等．API函数和MSComm32控件在串行通讯中的应用比较，工业控制计算机，VOL.14, NO. 4, 2001, P24～26．
[30] Mark T Yin. Fuzzy Logic Process Control of HPO-AS, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1996.
[31] 苏学花等．基于RS-485的分布式监控系统的设计，计算机应用，VOL.21, NO.8, 2001,P70～73．
[32] Guohua Chen, Xueming Chen, and Po Lock Yue. Electrocoagulation And Electroflotation Of Restaurant Wastewater, Journal Of Environmental Engineering, September,2000,P858～863.
[33] 彭永臻 黑田正和等．SBR反应时间制御DO利用研究，第31回，日本水环境学会年会讲演集，1997，P253
[34] Timothy M. LaPara, Allan Konopka, Cindy H. Nakatsu, and James E. Alleman. Thermophilic Aerobic Wastewater Treatment In Continuous-Flow Bioreactors, Journal Of Environmental Engineering, August, 2000, P739～744.
[35] 张树兵等．Visual Basic 6.0中文版从入门到提高，清华大学出版社．1996，P297～313．
[36] 陈炜凡等．深圳市观澜河污水处理工程自控系统设计，给水排水，VOL. 27, NO. 12, 2001, P86～89．
[37] 施汉昌等．污水处理厂故障诊断专家系统，给水排水，VOL. 27, NO. 8, 2001, P88～89．
[38] 姚加飞等．活性污泥系统中曝气机的速度控制，中国给水排水，VOL. 16, NO.2, 2000, P53～54．
[39] 扬建辉．桂林市第四污水净化厂自控系统的分析及体会，给水排水，VOL.26, NO.8, 2000, P73～76．
[40] 马卫卫 王社平．西安市邓家村污水处理厂自动控制系统设计，给水排水，VOL.26, NO.10,2000, P76～78．
[41] 宋延民等．污水处理系统的电气控制，电气传动，NO.3, 1997, P45～47．
[42] 肖隽等．具有多种通信协议接口的通用数据采集装置，东南大学学报(自然科学版)，VOL.30, NO.2, 2000, P121～125．
[43] 梁建青等．库鄯线主机系统与电气系统通信接口的实施，管道技术与设备，NO. 5, 2000, P35～37．
[44] 陈健等．8098单片机与386微机的串行通信，电子科技，NO.3, 1996, P18～20．
[45] 包明等．微机与多台Intel 8098单片机实现上下位机串行通讯设计，渝洲大学学报，VOL. 15, NO.3, 1998, P57～60．
[46] 程磊等．CASS法污水处理计算机控制系统设计，工业控制计算机，VOL. 14, NO.5, 2001, P38～40．
[47] 曾薇等．以溶解氧浓度作为SBR法模糊控制参数，中国给水排水，VOL. 16, NO. 4, 2000, P5～P10．
[48] Ruey-Fang Yu, Shu-Liang liaw, Wan-Uuan Cheng, and Cheng-Nan Chang. Performance Enhancement Of SBR Applying Real-Time Control, Journal Of Environmental Engineering, October, 2000, P943～948.
[49] 冯正鸣等．采用RS-485串行接口测试系统的距离通讯，计量技术，NO.9, 1997, P23～25．
[50] 陈伟光等．基于VB环境的工业过程控制中的上位机与下位机的联网通信，计算机工程，VOL.26, NO.7, 2000, P167～169．
[51] M.Tarshishi, R. Arviv, and A. Aharoni. Mechanical Aerators' Power And Aeration Control In Bioreactors, Journal Of Environmental Engineering, April, 2000, P382～385.
[52] 李文举，8098单片机远程数据通信的实现方法，电脑学习．NO.4, 1997, P27～28．
[53] 孙剑湘．测控系统中串行接口与通信协议，长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版)，VOL.13, NO. 2, 1998, P201～204．
[54] 潘承武．用8098单片机实现高分辨率A/D转换，电测与仪表，NO.11, 1996, P17～19．
[55] 辛伊波．MCS-8098单片机软件抗干扰设计，电测与仪表，NO. 8，1995，P24～25．
[56] 邓文浪．在VB环境下分布式测控系统多机通信的实现，工业控制计算机，VOL.13, NO. 2, 2000, P28～29．
[57] 肖本贤．用VB实现PC与多个MCS-51单片机主从式通讯的实例，制造业自动化，VOL.23, NO.2, 2001, P54～56．
[58] Christopher J.Bockmann, Lars Klander and Lingyan Tang. VISUAL BASIC Programmer's Library, PUBLISHING HOUSE OF ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY, 1999, P21～88, P347～377.
[59] Eric Brierley, Anthony Prince and David Rinaldi. The Waite Group's Visual Basic 6 How-To, PUBLISHING HOUSE OF MECHANISM INDUSTRY, 1999, P72～109, P445～515.
[2] 王俊清等．自控技术在污水处理系统中的应用，环境保护科学，VOL.26, NO.97, 2000, P19～20．
[3] 佟玉衡编．实用废水处理技术，化学工业出版社，1998，P257～261
[4] 唐受印等编．废水处理工程，化学工业出版社，1998，P7～12，P189～192
[5] Hillenbrand T. Boehm E.Massnahmen zur Verbesserung der Denitifikation, 1997,P514～529.
[6] Peng Yongzhen, Huang Juchang,Masao Kuroda, Zhou Li. Use of ORP for Controlling SBR Aeration Cycle. WEFTEC Asia Singapore'98, 1998, P379～386.
[7] 王淑莹等．SBR法计算机自动控制系统的研究，给水排水，VOL.26, NO.3, 2000, P76～78．
[8] 单根立等．计算机集散控制系统中的故障的显示与报警，机电工程，VOL.17, NO.5,2000, P31～32．
[9] 陈立定，具有预测功能的PH值控制系统，自动化仪表，VOL.22, NO.1, 2001, P36～37．
[10] 田家辉．唐家水厂自控系统的设计特点，中国给水排水，VOL. 17, NO.2, 2001, P40～42．
[11] 朱振华．TCS在污水处理控制系统中的应用，工业控制计算机，VOL. 13, NO.4, 2000,P61～63．
[12] 牛学义．济宁污水处理厂控制系统的特点，给水排水，VOL. 26, NO.6, 2000, P75～78．
[13] 孙廷才，王杰，孙中健．工业控制计算机组成原理，清华大学出版社．2001，P101～124．
[14] 蔡德聪等．工业控制计算机实时操作系统，清华大学出版社．1996，P101～124．
[15] 肖建．现代控制系统综合与设计，中国铁道出版社．2000，P129～151．
[16] Tsai Y P et al. Effluent Suspended Solid Control of Activated Sludge Process by Fuzzy Control Approach, Wat Environ Res,VOL.68, NO.6, 1996, P1045～1053.
[17] Jan Axelson, Serial Port Complete, 1998, P45～P51.
[18] Austrom, Directions in Intelligent Control, IFAC International Symposium, ITAC91.
[19] Eric Brierley, Anthony Prince,David Rinaldi. The Waite Group's Vosra Basic 6 How-To, 1999, P445～P515.
[20] Ferrer J. Energy Saving in The Aeration Process by Fuzzy Logic Control, Wat Sci Tech, VOL. 38, NO.3, 1998,P209～217.
[21] 刘复华．8098单片机及其应用系统设计，清华大学出版社．1992，P41～55．
[22] 陆畹青．8098单片机原理与应用，同济大学出版社．1998，P21～24．
[23] 张毅刚，乔景渌．8098单片机应用设计，电子工业出版社．1993，P121～142．
[24] 李新民 李勋等．8098单片微型计算机应用技术，北京航空航天大学出版社．1994，P183～P205．
[25] 张亚刚等．利用VB实现上位机对变频器的远程监控，工业控制计算机，VOL.14, NO.12, 2001, P14～17．
[26] 刘定晟等．用Visual Basic实现测控软件中的实时曲线和历史曲线，工业控制计算机，VOL.14, NO.4, 2001, P32～34.
[27] 钟一文．VB中结合Excel进行报表制作及报表的Internet传送，计算机应用研究，VOL.17, NO.8, 2001, P142～150．
[28] 刘建武．利用VB开发无线通讯程序，工业控制计算机，VOL.14, NO.5, 2001, P7～10．
[29] 黄飞等．API函数和MSComm32控件在串行通讯中的应用比较，工业控制计算机，VOL.14, NO. 4, 2001, P24～26．
[30] Mark T Yin. Fuzzy Logic Process Control of HPO-AS, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1996.
[31] 苏学花等．基于RS-485的分布式监控系统的设计，计算机应用，VOL.21, NO.8, 2001,P70～73．
[32] Guohua Chen, Xueming Chen, and Po Lock Yue. Electrocoagulation And Electroflotation Of Restaurant Wastewater, Journal Of Environmental Engineering, September,2000,P858～863.
[33] 彭永臻 黑田正和等．SBR反应时间制御DO利用研究，第31回，日本水环境学会年会讲演集，1997，P253
[34] Timothy M. LaPara, Allan Konopka, Cindy H. Nakatsu, and James E. Alleman. Thermophilic Aerobic Wastewater Treatment In Continuous-Flow Bioreactors, Journal Of Environmental Engineering, August, 2000, P739～744.
[35] 张树兵等．Visual Basic 6.0中文版从入门到提高，清华大学出版社．1996，P297～313．
[36] 陈炜凡等．深圳市观澜河污水处理工程自控系统设计，给水排水，VOL. 27, NO. 12, 2001, P86～89．
[37] 施汉昌等．污水处理厂故障诊断专家系统，给水排水，VOL. 27, NO. 8, 2001, P88～89．
[38] 姚加飞等．活性污泥系统中曝气机的速度控制，中国给水排水，VOL. 16, NO.2, 2000, P53～54．
[39] 扬建辉．桂林市第四污水净化厂自控系统的分析及体会，给水排水，VOL.26, NO.8, 2000, P73～76．
[40] 马卫卫 王社平．西安市邓家村污水处理厂自动控制系统设计，给水排水，VOL.26, NO.10,2000, P76～78．
[41] 宋延民等．污水处理系统的电气控制，电气传动，NO.3, 1997, P45～47．
[42] 肖隽等．具有多种通信协议接口的通用数据采集装置，东南大学学报(自然科学版)，VOL.30, NO.2, 2000, P121～125．
[43] 梁建青等．库鄯线主机系统与电气系统通信接口的实施，管道技术与设备，NO. 5, 2000, P35～37．
[44] 陈健等．8098单片机与386微机的串行通信，电子科技，NO.3, 1996, P18～20．
[45] 包明等．微机与多台Intel 8098单片机实现上下位机串行通讯设计，渝洲大学学报，VOL. 15, NO.3, 1998, P57～60．
[46] 程磊等．CASS法污水处理计算机控制系统设计，工业控制计算机，VOL. 14, NO.5, 2001, P38～40．
[47] 曾薇等．以溶解氧浓度作为SBR法模糊控制参数，中国给水排水，VOL. 16, NO. 4, 2000, P5～P10．
[48] Ruey-Fang Yu, Shu-Liang liaw, Wan-Uuan Cheng, and Cheng-Nan Chang. Performance Enhancement Of SBR Applying Real-Time Control, Journal Of Environmental Engineering, October, 2000, P943～948.
[49] 冯正鸣等．采用RS-485串行接口测试系统的距离通讯，计量技术，NO.9, 1997, P23～25．
[50] 陈伟光等．基于VB环境的工业过程控制中的上位机与下位机的联网通信，计算机工程，VOL.26, NO.7, 2000, P167～169．
[51] M.Tarshishi, R. Arviv, and A. Aharoni. Mechanical Aerators' Power And Aeration Control In Bioreactors, Journal Of Environmental Engineering, April, 2000, P382～385.
[52] 李文举，8098单片机远程数据通信的实现方法，电脑学习．NO.4, 1997, P27～28．
[53] 孙剑湘．测控系统中串行接口与通信协议，长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版)，VOL.13, NO. 2, 1998, P201～204．
[54] 潘承武．用8098单片机实现高分辨率A/D转换，电测与仪表，NO.11, 1996, P17～19．
[55] 辛伊波．MCS-8098单片机软件抗干扰设计，电测与仪表，NO. 8，1995，P24～25．
[56] 邓文浪．在VB环境下分布式测控系统多机通信的实现，工业控制计算机，VOL.13, NO. 2, 2000, P28～29．
[57] 肖本贤．用VB实现PC与多个MCS-51单片机主从式通讯的实例，制造业自动化，VOL.23, NO.2, 2001, P54～56．
[58] Christopher J.Bockmann, Lars Klander and Lingyan Tang. VISUAL BASIC Programmer's Library, PUBLISHING HOUSE OF ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY, 1999, P21～88, P347～377.
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