东南沿海低层房屋抗风研究
|
摘要
我国东南沿海地区经常遭受热带气旋的影响,每次台风过后,都造成大量的房屋损坏甚至倒塌。因此深入研究低层房屋的风荷载特性,并提出有效的抗风措施,具有十分重要的现实意义。
本文根据国内外近年来有关低层房屋风荷载的研究资料以及大量的灾后调查和试验资料,对影响低层房屋抗风性能的主要因素进行较全面的归纳和分析,揭示了低层房屋表面的风压特征随房屋几何尺寸、屋面坡度、屋面形式、屋檐构造、女儿墙等因素的变化特点,分析了低层房屋的台风侵袭特征和破坏机理。在上述分析的基础上,提出了低层房屋抗强风设计的指导性意见。同时根据东南沿海地区低层房屋现状,研究探讨既有建筑结构的鉴定和加固措施。最后结合温州地区低层房屋的典型实例,研究了既有砌体结构的加固和改造措施。
The coastal area in southeast China frequently suffers the tropical cyclone. Many buildings are damaged or broken down by typhoon. Therefore it is of great significance to investigate the wind-load distribution characteristics of such buildings and accordingly find out the corresponding wind-resistant ways.
Based on the data of researches of the wind loads on low-rise buildings recent years and that of investigations and tests, many factors that affect the wind-resistance capability of low-rise buildings have been fully analyzed. It revealed properly the principle of the variations of the wind-load distribution characteristics, with the building geometry, roof type and slope, eave configuration, parapet and dominant opening of wall etc. This paper discusses the affected characteristics of the wind load for the low-rise buildings, and analyzes the destroyed-mechanism. On the basis of the investigations, the design method and structure measurement against typhoon for the low-rise buildings have been proposed.
The masonry structure is widely used in southeast China. This paper discusses the checking and reinforcement methods for the existing masonry structures. Finally, with the topical example of low-rise buildings in Wenzhou area, this paper discusses the reinforcement methods for these structures.
本文根据国内外近年来有关低层房屋风荷载的研究资料以及大量的灾后调查和试验资料,对影响低层房屋抗风性能的主要因素进行较全面的归纳和分析,揭示了低层房屋表面的风压特征随房屋几何尺寸、屋面坡度、屋面形式、屋檐构造、女儿墙等因素的变化特点,分析了低层房屋的台风侵袭特征和破坏机理。在上述分析的基础上,提出了低层房屋抗强风设计的指导性意见。同时根据东南沿海地区低层房屋现状,研究探讨既有建筑结构的鉴定和加固措施。最后结合温州地区低层房屋的典型实例,研究了既有砌体结构的加固和改造措施。
The coastal area in southeast China frequently suffers the tropical cyclone. Many buildings are damaged or broken down by typhoon. Therefore it is of great significance to investigate the wind-load distribution characteristics of such buildings and accordingly find out the corresponding wind-resistant ways.
Based on the data of researches of the wind loads on low-rise buildings recent years and that of investigations and tests, many factors that affect the wind-resistance capability of low-rise buildings have been fully analyzed. It revealed properly the principle of the variations of the wind-load distribution characteristics, with the building geometry, roof type and slope, eave configuration, parapet and dominant opening of wall etc. This paper discusses the affected characteristics of the wind load for the low-rise buildings, and analyzes the destroyed-mechanism. On the basis of the investigations, the design method and structure measurement against typhoon for the low-rise buildings have been proposed.
The masonry structure is widely used in southeast China. This paper discusses the checking and reinforcement methods for the existing masonry structures. Finally, with the topical example of low-rise buildings in Wenzhou area, this paper discusses the reinforcement methods for these structures.
引文
[1]Anthes.R.A..Tropical Cyclones and their Evolution,Structures and Effects.Amer.Met.Soc.,1982
[2]孙炳楠、傅国宏.94年17号台风对温州民房破坏的调查.第七届结构风效应学术会议论文,重庆,1995:19-23
[3]中华人民共和国标准GB50352-2005.民用建筑设计通则.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[4]Simiu,E.Logarithmic profiles and design wind speeds,J Eng.Mech.,ASCE,99(EM5),1973:1073-1083
[5]Harris,R.I..Measurements of wind structure at heights up to 598 ft above ground level,Proc.of the Symp.on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures,Loughborough Univ.of Technology,Leicestershire,U.K.1968
[6]Owen,P.R..Buildings in the wind.J.Royal Meteorol.Soc.,1994:97:396-413
[7]Batts,M.E.Russell L.R.and Simiu E..Hurricane wind speeds in the United States.J Struct.Div.,ASCE,100(ST10),1980,2001-2015
[8]Xu Y.L.and Zhan S.Field measurements of Di Wang Tower during Typhoon York.J.Wired Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,2001,89:73-93
[9]Yasushi Uematsu,Nicholas IsyUmor.Wind Pressures acting on low-rise buildings.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.1999,82:1-25
[10]Levitan,M.L.,Mehta,K.C.,Vann,W.R and Holmes J.D..Field measurements of pressure on the Texas Tech Building.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1991,38:227-234
[11]T Stathopulos.Wind Pressure Functions for Flat Roofs.J.Eng.Mech.Div.,ASCE,1981,107:889-905
[12]J.D.Ginger,C.W.Letchford.Pressure foctors for edge regions on low rise buildings.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.1995,54/55:337-344
[13]A.Kareem and.RC.Lu.Pressure fluctuations on flat roofs with Parapets.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1992,41-44:1775-1786
[14]A.Baskaran and T.Stathopoulos.Roof comers wind loads and parapet configurations.J.Wind.Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.1998,29:79-88.
[15]魏庆鼎.透风性女儿墙对尖屋顶风荷载的影响.气动实验与测量控制,1992,(3)
[16]J.C.K.Cheung,W.H.Melbourne.Wind loading on a porous roof.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1988,29:19-28.
[17]Surry D..Pressure measurements on the Texas Tech Building:Wind tunnel measurements and comparisons with full scale.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1991,38:235-247
[18]Tieleman,H.W..Model/full scale comparison of pressures on the roof of the TTU experimental building.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1996,65:133-142
[19]Yasusbi Uematsu,Nicholas Isyumor.Wind pressures acting on low-rise buildings.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.1999,82:1-25
[20]J.Shanmugasundaram,S.Arunachalam,S.Gomathinayagam,N.Lakshmanan,P.Harikrishna.Cyclone damage to buildings and structures-a case study.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,2000,84:369-380
[21]Ginger,J.D.,Reardon,G.F.and Whitbread,B.J..Wind load effects and equivalent pressures on a low-rise roofs.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,2000,22:638-646
[22]Shuzo Murakain and A.Moehida.3-D Numerical Simulation of Airflow Around a Cubic Model By Means of the k-ε Model.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1988,31:283-303
[23]A.Baskaran and T.Stathopoulos.Computational evaluation of wind effects on buildings.Building and Enviroment,1989,Vol.24,No.4:325-333
[24]K.Haggkvist,et al.Numerieal Simmulations of Pressure Fields Around Buildings.Building and Evironment,1989,Vol.24,No.1:65-72
[25]陈水福,孙炳楠,唐锦春.高层建筑风工程的计算机模拟.第七届全国建筑工程计算机应用学术会议论文集,1994
[26]王之宏.风荷载的模拟研究.建筑结构学报,1994,Vol.15(1):44-52
[27]陈水福,孙炳楠,唐锦春.建筑风载的数值模拟及其在微机上的实现.计算力学学报,1997,Vol.14(3):336-341
[28]庞加斌.沿海和山区强风特性的观测分析与风洞模拟研究:[博士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2006
[29]焦燏烽.低层四坡屋面房屋风特性及相互干扰的数值模拟:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2005
[30]彪仿俊.建筑物表面风荷载的数值模拟研究:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2005
[31]王辉,陈水福,唐锦春.低层双坡屋面房屋表面风压的数值模拟.浙江大学学报(工学版),2003,Vol.37(6):634-638
[32]王辉,陈水福,唐锦春.低层坡屋面群体建筑表面风压的数值模拟.工程力学,2003,Vol.20(6):135-140
[33]王辉,陈水福,唐锦春.低层房屋风压分布特性的模拟和分析.计算力学学报,2004,Vol.21(3):272-276
[34]陈水福,吕少琳.低层双坡房屋屋面风荷载的数值研究-坡角和高宽比影响的分析.浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,Vol.40(10):1739-1742
[35]侯爱波,葛楠,周锡元.建筑风载数值模拟的影响因素.自然灾害学报,2005,Vol.14(5):84-89
[36]张岩,王万德.建筑结构风荷载的三维数值模拟.辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报,2006,Vol.8(1):16-17
[37]陈彬.现代结构风致响应分析和可靠度分析中的若干问题研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2006
[38]程志军,楼文娟,孙炳楠,唐锦春.屋面风荷载及风致破坏机理.建筑结构学报,2000, Vol.21(4):39-47
[39]R.N.Sharma and P.J.Richards.The Effect of Flexibility on Internal Pressure Fluctuations.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1997,72:175-186.
[40]葛学礼、朱立新等.浙江苍南县“桑美”台风建筑灾害与抗风技术措施.工程质量,2006,(10):18-22
[41]Australia Standard:Minimum Design Loads on Structures,Part 2,Wind Loads.Standard Association of Australia,Fifth ed.1989
[42]中华人民共和国标准GB50009-2001.建筑结构荷载规范.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[43]中华人民共和国标准GB50068-2001.建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[44]董安正,赵国藩.建筑结构设计中实际风压的模糊确定.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003,Vol.(4):394-397
[45]Krishna,P..Wind loads on low rise building-A review.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1995,54/55:383-396
[46]H.J.Gerhardt and C.Kramer.Effect of building geometry on roof wind loading.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.1992,41-44:1765-1773
[47]金新阳.风荷载规范应用中的若干问题及设计建议.建筑结构,2006,Vol.36增刊:2-119-123
[48]Y Uematsu,M Yamada and A Sasaki.Wind-induced Dynamic Response and Resultant Load Estimation for a Flat Long-span Roof.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1996,65:155-166
[49]T.Stathopoulos,H.Luchian.Wind-induced forces on eaves of low buildings.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.1994,52:249-261
[50]J D Holmes.Wind Loads on Low Rise Buildings-A Review.CRISO,Division of Building Research,Hightt,Victorica,Australia,1993
[51]Y L Xu and G F Reardon.Variation of Wind Pressure on Hip Roofs with Roof Pitch.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1998,73:267-284
[52]D Meecham,D Surry and A G Davenport.The Magnitude and Distribution of Wind-induced Pressure on Hip and Gable Roofs.J.W.Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1991,38:257-272
[53]付国宏,孙炳楠,楼文娟,唐锦春.低层房屋屋面风压分布的风洞试验研究.第十届全国结构风工程学术会议论文集,桂林,2001
[54]付国宏.低层房屋风荷载特性及抗台风设计研究:[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2002
[55]吕少琳.低层双坡屋面房屋屋面风荷载影响因素的数值研究:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2006
[56]Gregory A.Kopp,David Surry and Christian Mans.Wind effects of low buildings:Part 1.Basic aerodynamics and local loads.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.2005,93:817-841
[57].A Kareem and T Kijewski.7th US National Conference on Wind Engineering:A Summary of Papers.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1996,62:81-129
[58]张松,彭兴黔,贾勇.儿种实体女儿墙对低矮房屋平屋顶风荷载的影响.福州大学学报(自然科学版),2006,Vol.:405-409
[59]王东耀.低层房屋风荷载及抗风措施研:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2007
[60]卢旦.风致内压特性及其对建筑物作用的研究:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2006
[61]杨仕超.建筑围护结构设计风荷载取值.第六届全国风工程及工业空气动力学学术会议论文集,北京,2002:125-131
[62]陈钦豪,吴太成.建筑群中建筑物间的相互气动干扰.第五届全国风工程及工业空气动力学学术会议论文集,张家界,1998
[63]卢博坚,郑启明,吴坤徽.相邻建筑物之间距对周围环境风场的影响.第五届全国风工程风工程及工业空气动力学学术会议论文集,张家界,1998
[64]张相庭.结构风工程--理论·规范·实践.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[65]张相庭.工程抗风设计计算手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[66]中华人民共和国标准GB50368-2005.住宅建筑规范,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005年
[67]温州市建设局.苍南村镇民房灾后重建技术指导意见.2006
[68]South Florida Building Code,1988edtion,Vol.1,Dade County,Florida.
[69]中华人民共和国标准GB50003-2001.砌体结构设计规范.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[70]中华人民共和国标准GB50292-1999.民用建筑可靠性鉴定标准.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[71]王赫等.建筑工程事故处理手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994
[72]中华人民共和国标准JGJ125-99(2004年版).危险房屋鉴定标准.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[73]中华人民共和国建设部令第129号.建设部关于修改《城市危险房屋管理规定》的决定.2004
[74]潘其源,郑秀娟,戚正廷.房屋修缮技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992
[75]孙瑞虎.房屋建筑修缮工程.北京:中国铁道出版社,1988
[76]吕西林.建筑结构加固设计.北京:科学出版社,2001.119-121
[2]孙炳楠、傅国宏.94年17号台风对温州民房破坏的调查.第七届结构风效应学术会议论文,重庆,1995:19-23
[3]中华人民共和国标准GB50352-2005.民用建筑设计通则.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[4]Simiu,E.Logarithmic profiles and design wind speeds,J Eng.Mech.,ASCE,99(EM5),1973:1073-1083
[5]Harris,R.I..Measurements of wind structure at heights up to 598 ft above ground level,Proc.of the Symp.on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures,Loughborough Univ.of Technology,Leicestershire,U.K.1968
[6]Owen,P.R..Buildings in the wind.J.Royal Meteorol.Soc.,1994:97:396-413
[7]Batts,M.E.Russell L.R.and Simiu E..Hurricane wind speeds in the United States.J Struct.Div.,ASCE,100(ST10),1980,2001-2015
[8]Xu Y.L.and Zhan S.Field measurements of Di Wang Tower during Typhoon York.J.Wired Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,2001,89:73-93
[9]Yasushi Uematsu,Nicholas IsyUmor.Wind Pressures acting on low-rise buildings.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.1999,82:1-25
[10]Levitan,M.L.,Mehta,K.C.,Vann,W.R and Holmes J.D..Field measurements of pressure on the Texas Tech Building.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1991,38:227-234
[11]T Stathopulos.Wind Pressure Functions for Flat Roofs.J.Eng.Mech.Div.,ASCE,1981,107:889-905
[12]J.D.Ginger,C.W.Letchford.Pressure foctors for edge regions on low rise buildings.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.1995,54/55:337-344
[13]A.Kareem and.RC.Lu.Pressure fluctuations on flat roofs with Parapets.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1992,41-44:1775-1786
[14]A.Baskaran and T.Stathopoulos.Roof comers wind loads and parapet configurations.J.Wind.Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.1998,29:79-88.
[15]魏庆鼎.透风性女儿墙对尖屋顶风荷载的影响.气动实验与测量控制,1992,(3)
[16]J.C.K.Cheung,W.H.Melbourne.Wind loading on a porous roof.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1988,29:19-28.
[17]Surry D..Pressure measurements on the Texas Tech Building:Wind tunnel measurements and comparisons with full scale.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1991,38:235-247
[18]Tieleman,H.W..Model/full scale comparison of pressures on the roof of the TTU experimental building.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1996,65:133-142
[19]Yasusbi Uematsu,Nicholas Isyumor.Wind pressures acting on low-rise buildings.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.1999,82:1-25
[20]J.Shanmugasundaram,S.Arunachalam,S.Gomathinayagam,N.Lakshmanan,P.Harikrishna.Cyclone damage to buildings and structures-a case study.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,2000,84:369-380
[21]Ginger,J.D.,Reardon,G.F.and Whitbread,B.J..Wind load effects and equivalent pressures on a low-rise roofs.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,2000,22:638-646
[22]Shuzo Murakain and A.Moehida.3-D Numerical Simulation of Airflow Around a Cubic Model By Means of the k-ε Model.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1988,31:283-303
[23]A.Baskaran and T.Stathopoulos.Computational evaluation of wind effects on buildings.Building and Enviroment,1989,Vol.24,No.4:325-333
[24]K.Haggkvist,et al.Numerieal Simmulations of Pressure Fields Around Buildings.Building and Evironment,1989,Vol.24,No.1:65-72
[25]陈水福,孙炳楠,唐锦春.高层建筑风工程的计算机模拟.第七届全国建筑工程计算机应用学术会议论文集,1994
[26]王之宏.风荷载的模拟研究.建筑结构学报,1994,Vol.15(1):44-52
[27]陈水福,孙炳楠,唐锦春.建筑风载的数值模拟及其在微机上的实现.计算力学学报,1997,Vol.14(3):336-341
[28]庞加斌.沿海和山区强风特性的观测分析与风洞模拟研究:[博士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2006
[29]焦燏烽.低层四坡屋面房屋风特性及相互干扰的数值模拟:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2005
[30]彪仿俊.建筑物表面风荷载的数值模拟研究:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2005
[31]王辉,陈水福,唐锦春.低层双坡屋面房屋表面风压的数值模拟.浙江大学学报(工学版),2003,Vol.37(6):634-638
[32]王辉,陈水福,唐锦春.低层坡屋面群体建筑表面风压的数值模拟.工程力学,2003,Vol.20(6):135-140
[33]王辉,陈水福,唐锦春.低层房屋风压分布特性的模拟和分析.计算力学学报,2004,Vol.21(3):272-276
[34]陈水福,吕少琳.低层双坡房屋屋面风荷载的数值研究-坡角和高宽比影响的分析.浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,Vol.40(10):1739-1742
[35]侯爱波,葛楠,周锡元.建筑风载数值模拟的影响因素.自然灾害学报,2005,Vol.14(5):84-89
[36]张岩,王万德.建筑结构风荷载的三维数值模拟.辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报,2006,Vol.8(1):16-17
[37]陈彬.现代结构风致响应分析和可靠度分析中的若干问题研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2006
[38]程志军,楼文娟,孙炳楠,唐锦春.屋面风荷载及风致破坏机理.建筑结构学报,2000, Vol.21(4):39-47
[39]R.N.Sharma and P.J.Richards.The Effect of Flexibility on Internal Pressure Fluctuations.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1997,72:175-186.
[40]葛学礼、朱立新等.浙江苍南县“桑美”台风建筑灾害与抗风技术措施.工程质量,2006,(10):18-22
[41]Australia Standard:Minimum Design Loads on Structures,Part 2,Wind Loads.Standard Association of Australia,Fifth ed.1989
[42]中华人民共和国标准GB50009-2001.建筑结构荷载规范.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[43]中华人民共和国标准GB50068-2001.建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[44]董安正,赵国藩.建筑结构设计中实际风压的模糊确定.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003,Vol.(4):394-397
[45]Krishna,P..Wind loads on low rise building-A review.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1995,54/55:383-396
[46]H.J.Gerhardt and C.Kramer.Effect of building geometry on roof wind loading.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.1992,41-44:1765-1773
[47]金新阳.风荷载规范应用中的若干问题及设计建议.建筑结构,2006,Vol.36增刊:2-119-123
[48]Y Uematsu,M Yamada and A Sasaki.Wind-induced Dynamic Response and Resultant Load Estimation for a Flat Long-span Roof.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1996,65:155-166
[49]T.Stathopoulos,H.Luchian.Wind-induced forces on eaves of low buildings.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.1994,52:249-261
[50]J D Holmes.Wind Loads on Low Rise Buildings-A Review.CRISO,Division of Building Research,Hightt,Victorica,Australia,1993
[51]Y L Xu and G F Reardon.Variation of Wind Pressure on Hip Roofs with Roof Pitch.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1998,73:267-284
[52]D Meecham,D Surry and A G Davenport.The Magnitude and Distribution of Wind-induced Pressure on Hip and Gable Roofs.J.W.Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1991,38:257-272
[53]付国宏,孙炳楠,楼文娟,唐锦春.低层房屋屋面风压分布的风洞试验研究.第十届全国结构风工程学术会议论文集,桂林,2001
[54]付国宏.低层房屋风荷载特性及抗台风设计研究:[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2002
[55]吕少琳.低层双坡屋面房屋屋面风荷载影响因素的数值研究:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2006
[56]Gregory A.Kopp,David Surry and Christian Mans.Wind effects of low buildings:Part 1.Basic aerodynamics and local loads.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.2005,93:817-841
[57].A Kareem and T Kijewski.7th US National Conference on Wind Engineering:A Summary of Papers.J.Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn.,1996,62:81-129
[58]张松,彭兴黔,贾勇.儿种实体女儿墙对低矮房屋平屋顶风荷载的影响.福州大学学报(自然科学版),2006,Vol.:405-409
[59]王东耀.低层房屋风荷载及抗风措施研:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2007
[60]卢旦.风致内压特性及其对建筑物作用的研究:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2006
[61]杨仕超.建筑围护结构设计风荷载取值.第六届全国风工程及工业空气动力学学术会议论文集,北京,2002:125-131
[62]陈钦豪,吴太成.建筑群中建筑物间的相互气动干扰.第五届全国风工程及工业空气动力学学术会议论文集,张家界,1998
[63]卢博坚,郑启明,吴坤徽.相邻建筑物之间距对周围环境风场的影响.第五届全国风工程风工程及工业空气动力学学术会议论文集,张家界,1998
[64]张相庭.结构风工程--理论·规范·实践.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[65]张相庭.工程抗风设计计算手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[66]中华人民共和国标准GB50368-2005.住宅建筑规范,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005年
[67]温州市建设局.苍南村镇民房灾后重建技术指导意见.2006
[68]South Florida Building Code,1988edtion,Vol.1,Dade County,Florida.
[69]中华人民共和国标准GB50003-2001.砌体结构设计规范.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[70]中华人民共和国标准GB50292-1999.民用建筑可靠性鉴定标准.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[71]王赫等.建筑工程事故处理手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994
[72]中华人民共和国标准JGJ125-99(2004年版).危险房屋鉴定标准.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[73]中华人民共和国建设部令第129号.建设部关于修改《城市危险房屋管理规定》的决定.2004
[74]潘其源,郑秀娟,戚正廷.房屋修缮技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992
[75]孙瑞虎.房屋建筑修缮工程.北京:中国铁道出版社,1988
[76]吕西林.建筑结构加固设计.北京:科学出版社,2001.119-121