不同构造加固措施大仑砖空斗墙的抗震性能试验研究
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摘要
2006年2月9日,浙江省文成县(非抗震设防)和泰顺县(6度设防)发生地震,99383间房屋受损,受灾人口达14万多人,财产损失超过2亿元。调查发现受灾区建筑大部分为大仑砖空斗墙,对其的抗震加固方法需专项研究。温州市建设局联合多方合作,在浙大力学实验室进行片墙试验,本文做的主要工作如下：
研究了空斗砌体的抗压性能和抗剪性能,通过三组不同砂浆强度砌筑的(每组6个)空斗砌体试件的抗压试验,分析了空斗砌体的抗压承载力；通过二组不同压应力作用下空斗砌体的抗剪试验,分析了空斗砌体的抗剪承载力,以及压应力对抗剪承载力的影响。在试验的基础上,建立合适的有限元模型,得出空斗砌体抗压承载力的计算公式以及空斗砌体剪压复合曲线。
重点研究了大仑砖空斗墙墙体的抗震性能,通过13片空斗墙的墙体的水平地周反复荷载试验。本文研究分析了同一砌筑方式的空斗墙墙体在3种构造措施,3种加固方式的影响下,墙体的破坏过程、破坏形态、以及墙体的各项抗震性能指标,包括片墙的水平承载力、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性性能等特性。试验结果表明有构造措施的空斗墙整体钢筋砂浆网加固后可以有效地提高空斗砌体的抗震性能。
目前在我国广大村镇地区(大部分属于基本烈度6度的地震区)仍存在大量空斗墙房屋,即使不在抗震设防区,仍存在一定的安全隐患,本文的研究结果可为空斗墙房屋的抗震加固提供理论依据。
On February 9,2006, a series of perceptible earthquake occurred in Wencheng County (earthquake—unresistance) and Taishun Country (the sixth degree earthquake—resistance protection zone) of Zhejiang Province, which damaged 99383 houses and affected population of more than 140000 people, the property loss more than 200 million yuan. Through the survey, we understood that a lot of buildings on the quake—hit region used the cavity wall as load—bearing structure. The cavity walls were built by special brick named DaLun brick, the DaLun brick is different from the brick of standard, so we should do a special research on how to strengthen the buildings built by DaLun bricks to resist the earthquake. Wenzhou Construction Bureau with some institutions tested 13 walls in the mechanics laboratory of Zhejiang University. In this paper, the major work done as follows:
The essay studies the compressive property and the shearing property of the hollow brick masonry. Based on the experiment of three different groups (six samples in one group) of samples built by mortars of different strength classes, the essay analyses the bearing capacity of compressive. Based on the experiment of two different groups (three samples in one group) of samples under the different compressing stresses, the essay analyses the shear strength and the relationship between the shear stress and the compressive stress. On the basis of experiments, this essay sets up the proper FEA model, derives the calculation method of the compressive strength of the hollow brick masonry.
In this thesis, the experiments are carried out to study on the seismic behavior of 13 specimens of three constructional measures and three strengthening modes under the cyclic loading, including the position of the initial crack, the fracture morphology development law of the crack, the lateral load—bearing capacity of the wall, the hysteretic curve and the skeleton—frame curves of the wall and ductility performance, etc. The results reveal that the seismic performance of the cavity wall with some construction measures reinforced by cement mortar reinforced with steel mesh is obviously improved.
At the villages and small towns (The seismic design intensity of the major area is above 6 degree) in our country, there are lots of buildings carrying the cavity walls as load—bearing structure. Despite some buildings are not located on earthquake—resistant zone, there still have lots of potential safety problems, and these research conclusions provide the basis for earthquake—resistant improvement measure of the cavity brick masonry.
研究了空斗砌体的抗压性能和抗剪性能,通过三组不同砂浆强度砌筑的(每组6个)空斗砌体试件的抗压试验,分析了空斗砌体的抗压承载力；通过二组不同压应力作用下空斗砌体的抗剪试验,分析了空斗砌体的抗剪承载力,以及压应力对抗剪承载力的影响。在试验的基础上,建立合适的有限元模型,得出空斗砌体抗压承载力的计算公式以及空斗砌体剪压复合曲线。
重点研究了大仑砖空斗墙墙体的抗震性能,通过13片空斗墙的墙体的水平地周反复荷载试验。本文研究分析了同一砌筑方式的空斗墙墙体在3种构造措施,3种加固方式的影响下,墙体的破坏过程、破坏形态、以及墙体的各项抗震性能指标,包括片墙的水平承载力、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性性能等特性。试验结果表明有构造措施的空斗墙整体钢筋砂浆网加固后可以有效地提高空斗砌体的抗震性能。
目前在我国广大村镇地区(大部分属于基本烈度6度的地震区)仍存在大量空斗墙房屋,即使不在抗震设防区,仍存在一定的安全隐患,本文的研究结果可为空斗墙房屋的抗震加固提供理论依据。
On February 9,2006, a series of perceptible earthquake occurred in Wencheng County (earthquake—unresistance) and Taishun Country (the sixth degree earthquake—resistance protection zone) of Zhejiang Province, which damaged 99383 houses and affected population of more than 140000 people, the property loss more than 200 million yuan. Through the survey, we understood that a lot of buildings on the quake—hit region used the cavity wall as load—bearing structure. The cavity walls were built by special brick named DaLun brick, the DaLun brick is different from the brick of standard, so we should do a special research on how to strengthen the buildings built by DaLun bricks to resist the earthquake. Wenzhou Construction Bureau with some institutions tested 13 walls in the mechanics laboratory of Zhejiang University. In this paper, the major work done as follows:
The essay studies the compressive property and the shearing property of the hollow brick masonry. Based on the experiment of three different groups (six samples in one group) of samples built by mortars of different strength classes, the essay analyses the bearing capacity of compressive. Based on the experiment of two different groups (three samples in one group) of samples under the different compressing stresses, the essay analyses the shear strength and the relationship between the shear stress and the compressive stress. On the basis of experiments, this essay sets up the proper FEA model, derives the calculation method of the compressive strength of the hollow brick masonry.
In this thesis, the experiments are carried out to study on the seismic behavior of 13 specimens of three constructional measures and three strengthening modes under the cyclic loading, including the position of the initial crack, the fracture morphology development law of the crack, the lateral load—bearing capacity of the wall, the hysteretic curve and the skeleton—frame curves of the wall and ductility performance, etc. The results reveal that the seismic performance of the cavity wall with some construction measures reinforced by cement mortar reinforced with steel mesh is obviously improved.
At the villages and small towns (The seismic design intensity of the major area is above 6 degree) in our country, there are lots of buildings carrying the cavity walls as load—bearing structure. Despite some buildings are not located on earthquake—resistant zone, there still have lots of potential safety problems, and these research conclusions provide the basis for earthquake—resistant improvement measure of the cavity brick masonry.
引文
[1]新华网浙江频道2月11日电(记者沈锡权、汪林义)
[2]葛学礼等,浙江文成地震村镇空斗墙建筑震害分析.工程抗震与加固改造[J].2006,6：P107-109
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[9]陈庆华,钢筋网(正交与斜交)水泥砂浆面层加固KP1砖墙(已裂缝)的抗震性能试验[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.2010.
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[13]Tumialan J.G, Morbin A, Nanni A, and Modena C.Shear strengthing of masonry walls with FRP Composites, Composites 2001 Convention and Trade show. Composites Fabricators Association, Tampa, FL,2001.9:6-15.
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[17]张伟平等.CFRP板加固砌体结构的抗震性能试验研究[J].工程结构鉴定与加固改造.450.
[18]张祥顺,谷倩,彭少民.CFRP对砖墙抗震加固对比试验研究与计算分析[J].世界地震工程,2003,19：77-79.
[19]谷倩等.碳纤维布抗震加固开门窗洞口砌体墙片的试验研究与受剪承载力分析[J].建筑结构学报,2007.28(1).
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[21]谭振军.GFRP网加强砌体复合墙抗震性能试验研究[D].长沙理工大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[22]杭美艳,赵根田,张景普.钢筋网水泥砂浆加固开裂墙体的弯剪性能研究.第五届全国建筑物鉴定与加固改造学讨论会论文.276-279.
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[24]郭冬娟.用钢筋网水泥砂浆面层方法砌体结构墙体进行抗震加固[J].科学之友,2010,12：153.
[25]许清风,江欢成,朱雷.钢筋网水泥砂浆加固旧砖墙的试验研究[J].土木工程学报.2009,42(4)：77-84.
[26]谈永奎.砖墙体加固抗震性能的试验比较.工业建筑,2001,31(7)：66-67.
[27]付洁,王志浩.用PKPM对面层或板墙加固后砌体结构的抗震计算.建筑结构,2007,37：81-83.
[28]万劲松,黄苏宁.水泥砂浆面层及钢筋网水泥砂浆面层对砖墙的加固作用[J].林业科技情报.2002,1：10-11.
[29]尚守平.HPFL加固砖砌体抗压强度试验研究.广西大学学报：自然科学.2010,35(6)：877-881。
[30]刘沩.高性能水泥复合砂浆钢筋网薄层(HPFL)加固农村民居空斗砌体抗震性能试验研 究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[31]刘一斌.高性能复合砂浆钢筋网加固空斗墙结构性能研究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文.2011
[32]吕伟荣,施楚贤.剪压复合作用下普通砖砌体的ANSYS分析.2005年全国砌体结构基本理论与工程应用学术会议论文集[R].P126-129
[33]顾祥林等.CFRP板加固砖墙的抗剪承载力[J].结构工程师.2005,21(6)：64-67.
[34]叶芳菲,顾祥林,张伟平,欧阳煜.碳纤维板加固砖墙抗剪性能的有限元分析[J].结构工程师.2005,21(3)：19-24.
[35]左宏亮,孙赞峰,朱琳琳.粘贴碳纤维布砖砌体墙在低周反复作用下的有限元分析.沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2010,26(2)：276-281.
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[2]葛学礼等,浙江文成地震村镇空斗墙建筑震害分析.工程抗震与加固改造[J].2006,6：P107-109
[3]贺楚儒.江苏省常熟—太仓5.1级地震[J].地震学刊.1990,2.
[4]汪素云,吴戈,时振梁等.《中国近代地震目录(公元1912-1990年,Ms>4.7)》简介[M].中国地震,1998,14(3)：83-87.
[5]季晓磊.20世纪以来中国特大地震[J]中国经济周刊,2008,5(18)：64.
[6]高维明.读《中国近代地震文献编要》(1990—1949)有感[J].中国地震,1997,13(3)：308-310.
[7]姚清林,马宗晋.吸取中国古近代地震赈灾中的经验教训[J].中国减灾,1995,5(2)：39-41.
[8]张烁,邓思华.砌体结构加固的发展及现状概述.第六届全国土木工程研究生学术论坛,清华大学,2008.
[9]陈庆华,钢筋网(正交与斜交)水泥砂浆面层加固KP1砖墙(已裂缝)的抗震性能试验[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[10]Croci G,Ayala D.Analysis on Shear Walls Reinforced with Fibers.IABSE Symposium on Safety and Quality Assurance of CiVil Engineering Structures, Tokyo,1987:50-58.
[11]Sweidan R I.The application of fiber reinforced plastics to the strengthening of masonry structures:[dissertation].master's thesis,unites states:Massachusetts institute of technology.1991:20-26.
[12]Seible F.Repair and seismic retest of a full—scale reinforced masonry building.proceedings of the 6th international conference on structural, rilem,1995:680-687.
[13]Tumialan J.G, Morbin A, Nanni A, and Modena C.Shear strengthing of masonry walls with FRP Composites, Composites 2001 Convention and Trade show. Composites Fabricators Association, Tampa, FL,2001.9:6-15.
[14]Schwegler G. Masonry Construction Strengthened with Fiber Composites in Seismically Endangered Zones, Proceedings of the Tenth European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Rotterdam, and Netherlands.1995:2999-2303
[15]Valluzzi M R, Tinazzi D, Modena C.Shear Behavior of Masonry Panels Strengthened by FRP Laminates. Construction and Building Materials.2002,16(7):409-416.
[16]黄奕辉,王全凤等.AFRP加固标准砖砌体试件双剪试验[J].工业建筑,2004,34：271-274.
[17]张伟平等.CFRP板加固砌体结构的抗震性能试验研究[J].工程结构鉴定与加固改造.450.
[18]张祥顺,谷倩,彭少民.CFRP对砖墙抗震加固对比试验研究与计算分析[J].世界地震工程,2003,19：77-79.
[19]谷倩等.碳纤维布抗震加固开门窗洞口砌体墙片的试验研究与受剪承载力分析[J].建筑结构学报,2007.28(1).
[20]阮积敏.普通玻璃纤维布加固多孔砖砌体的试验研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[21]谭振军.GFRP网加强砌体复合墙抗震性能试验研究[D].长沙理工大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[22]杭美艳,赵根田,张景普.钢筋网水泥砂浆加固开裂墙体的弯剪性能研究.第五届全国建筑物鉴定与加固改造学讨论会论文.276-279.
[23]黄忠邦.水泥砂浆及钢筋网水泥砂浆面层加固砖砌体试验[J].天津大学学报,1994：764-770.
[24]郭冬娟.用钢筋网水泥砂浆面层方法砌体结构墙体进行抗震加固[J].科学之友,2010,12：153.
[25]许清风,江欢成,朱雷.钢筋网水泥砂浆加固旧砖墙的试验研究[J].土木工程学报.2009,42(4)：77-84.
[26]谈永奎.砖墙体加固抗震性能的试验比较.工业建筑,2001,31(7)：66-67.
[27]付洁,王志浩.用PKPM对面层或板墙加固后砌体结构的抗震计算.建筑结构,2007,37：81-83.
[28]万劲松,黄苏宁.水泥砂浆面层及钢筋网水泥砂浆面层对砖墙的加固作用[J].林业科技情报.2002,1：10-11.
[29]尚守平.HPFL加固砖砌体抗压强度试验研究.广西大学学报：自然科学.2010,35(6)：877-881。
[30]刘沩.高性能水泥复合砂浆钢筋网薄层(HPFL)加固农村民居空斗砌体抗震性能试验研 究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[31]刘一斌.高性能复合砂浆钢筋网加固空斗墙结构性能研究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文.2011
[32]吕伟荣,施楚贤.剪压复合作用下普通砖砌体的ANSYS分析.2005年全国砌体结构基本理论与工程应用学术会议论文集[R].P126-129
[33]顾祥林等.CFRP板加固砖墙的抗剪承载力[J].结构工程师.2005,21(6)：64-67.
[34]叶芳菲,顾祥林,张伟平,欧阳煜.碳纤维板加固砖墙抗剪性能的有限元分析[J].结构工程师.2005,21(3)：19-24.
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