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岩体水力劈裂试验及裂纹扩展的无单元法计算
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摘要
岩体水力劈裂问题是裂隙岩体渗流—应力耦合研究的一个分支,对于它的研究尚处于初始阶段,许多基本的理论问题有待进一步深入研究。
     随着社会的发展,现今许多大型工程的建设正在向地下发展,地下工程离不开水压的作用,这推动了岩体水力劈裂理论的研究。
     水力劈裂首先作为一种技术最初应用于石油工业以增加油井产量,后来用于初始地应力测量。随着水电工程建设、井工矿石开采、地下核废料储存、地热开发等越来越多的岩土工程都处于高水头、大埋深等恶劣水文地质条件下,岩体水力劈裂逐渐受到越来越多工程界学者的关注。
     本文在国家自然科学基金重点项目的支持下开展了岩体水力劈裂的基本试验与计算方法的研究。首先对岩体水力劈裂研究的现状作了较为详细的综述,然后应用河海大学渗流实验室的渗流—应力耦合试验仪对以水泥砂浆为岩石相似材料的厚壁圆筒试件进行了水力劈裂试验,并对试验结果进行详细分析,对试件水力劈裂破坏机理进行了深入的探讨。本文介绍了无单元计算方法基本原理及如何应用无单元法对岩体裂纹扩展进行计算追踪,然后应用无单元法模拟试件在无围压条件下水力劈裂裂纹扩展的过程,并与实际情况作了对比分析。
     最后,本文总结了研究中尚未解决的问题,并提出了展望。
The hydraulic fracturing of rock mass is one embranchment of the fissured rock mass seepage-stress coupling research. Up to now study on this problem is just in its initial stage, lots of basic theoretical problems should be researched more deeply.
    Along with the development of society, lots of heavy constructions is developing to the underground, underground engineering can't separate with the force of groundwater, all of these promote the development of hydraulic fracturing research..
    Hydraulic fracturing is firstly applied to increase the output of oil well as a technique, and then is applied to test the preliminary ground stress. Along with construction of hydropower project, exploitation of ore, deposition of nuclear waste, development of terrestrial heat and so on, more and more geotechnical engineering is in the high hydraulic head, and deep embedded geohydrological condition, the hydraulic fracturing of rock mass is paid more and more attentions by engineering scholars.
    In this thesis, hydraulic fracture test basic research and calculating method was developed by support of the key project of National Natural Science Fund. Firstly the present situation of hydraulic fracturing of rock mass was talked about, then, the hydraulic fracturing of rock mass test was carried out with cement mortar (analogue material of rock mass) thick tube hollow cylinder through seepage-stress coupling apparatus that was developed by the laboratory of seepage control in Hohai. Through the analysis of data, the thesis discussed the mechanism of the hydraulic fracturing of rock mass. This thesis introduced the basic theory of element-free method, and how to trace the crack propagation of rock mass, then simulated the crack propagation of test sample without outside hydraulic pressure, and compared the calculated result with the fact status.
    At last, the thesis summed up the unsolved questions, and pointed out the expectations.
引文
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