粤东成矿地质背景及银铜铅锌成矿特征研究
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摘要
研究区位于华南褶皱系的南东端,地质演化经历了地槽→准地台→大陆边缘活动带三个发展阶段,期间经历了加里东、印支、燕山等构造运动。志留纪未的加里东运动使地槽褶皱回返,并形成了本区的基底褶皱;泥盆纪-中三叠世本区处于相对稳定的准地台发展时期;中三叠世未的印支运动结束了准地台发展的历史,使本区进入了大陆边缘活动时期,其中早侏罗世未至白垩纪未的燕山运动是本区构造岩浆活动最强烈的时期,也是本区有色金属矿产形成的最主要时期。根据区域地质特征,可划分成两个构造单元:梅县-惠阳晚古生代坳陷带和粤东隆起区。本区有色金属矿产丰富。
笔者一直在该区从事地质找矿勘查工作,在该区开展博士论文研究,有助于理论与实际相结合,有利于提高找矿勘探工作效果。通过区域地质背景分析、地质勘查找矿实践和大中型银铜铅锌矿床的研究,取得以下主要成果和认识:
①通过对区域地质背景和成矿特征的分析,找到了丰顺尖笔岽中型铅锌矿床。通过地质普查工作,初步查明了矿区的地质特征和矿化特征,对矿床的形成机理提出了独特的见解,认为成矿作用发生于控矿断层形成过程中断裂扩展的某个雏形阶段,成矿热液对容矿构造的形成具促进作用,矿液致裂作用明显。初步确定了矿床为与深部同熔型岩浆来源有关的岩浆期后热液矿床。
②通过对区域地层、构造、侵入岩和火山岩地质特征的分析研究,并结合板块构造理论,提出本区各地质发展阶段的演化与板块的漂移和碰撞作用关系密切,初步推演了粤东地区地质演化历史。
③对研究区4个大中型银铜铅锌矿床的矿床地质特征、矿化特征及矿床地球化学特征,进行了较深入的研究,对矿床的成因进行了探讨。
④通过对嵩溪大型银锑矿床地质特征、矿化特征和微量元素特征的较深入的研究,结合区域地质背景,提出了矿床成因的新认识:嵩溪大型银锑多金属矿床成因类型是与晚侏罗世陆相火山活动有关的火山岩浆期后中低温热液脉状矿床;
⑤通过粤东地区大、中型银铜铅锌矿床区域成矿地质背景和矿床特征的研究,对粤东银铜铅锌矿床成矿物质来源进行了探讨,获得银铜锌来源以下地壳为主,铅主要来源于上地壳和沉积地层,成矿作用与燕山期构造-岩浆活动关系密切的新认识。
⑥初步建立了粤东地区银铜铅锌矿床的成矿模式。本区的银铜铅锌矿床均为岩浆期后热液矿床,矿体呈脉状分布于有利的构造部位,严格受断裂构造控制。
⑦通过前人资料的分析,对本区火山作用的构造环境和岩浆成因进行了讨论,认为本区的火山作用是在太平洋板块相对大陆板块向北西方向俯沖的构造背景下的板内近陆缘环境中,由上地幔物质和下地壳部份熔融形成的原始岩浆,经过复杂的演化,喷出地表形成了本区岩石类型复杂的火山岩。
⑧根据区域地质特征、矿化特征和成矿地质条件的分析,结合笔者在本区地质找矿勘查工作中的认识,提出具较大银铜铅锌找矿潜力的远景区:梅县-潮安远景区。
Research area is in the southeast of South China fold system. It's geologic evolution history underwent three development stages :geosynclne, paraplatform and continental margin mobile belt; and the crustal movement underwent Caledonian movement, Indosinian movement and Yanshanian movement. Caledonian orogeny took place at the end of Silurian Period, which made the geosyncline to close and form fold basement. Devonian Period to middle Triassic epoch in the research area was in the stage of paraplatform development. At the end of middle Triassic epoch, Indosinian movement took place, which end the history of paraplatform development and make research area to get into continental margin mobile belt. Yanshanian movement took place during the end of early Jurassic epoch to the end of Cretaceous epoch , it was the most violent structure-magma activated period and was the most important ore-forming period nonferrous metal deposit in Eastern Guangdong. According to the regional geologic futures, research area can be divided into two tectonic elements: the Meixian-Feiyang late Palaeozoic Era downwaping region and the Eastern Guangdong upwarping region.There are plentiful in nonferrous metals deposit in the areas.
Writer has been undergoing in looking for minerals in this area for a long time. Through the analysis of the regional geologic background in Eastern Guangdong and the geologic exploration practice of looking for mineral deposit and the research of the characteristics of large -middle scale Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits, some main achievements and knowledge are as follows:
①According to the analysis of regional geologic feature and mineralization feature, A middle scale Pb-Zn deposit was discovered in Gianbidong, Fongshun. Through geologic exploration, the geologic feature and mineralization feature of mineral district was confirmed. Some new opinions of mineral-forming mechanism, mineral-forming process was put forward, which showed that the mineralization took place in the embryonic stage of fracture-forming process and the mineral-forming solution took part in the formation of mineral-hosting structure. The research shows that the genetic type of mineral deposit is post-magmatic hydrothermal deposit, which is related to the crust-mantle type magma.
②According to the research of regional stratum and structure and igneous rock feature combining with the theory of plate tectonics, a close relationship between the geologic evolution and plate movement in the research area was put forward, the geologic evolution history of Eastern Goangdong is deduced preliminary.
③The geology, mineralization and deposit geochemistry characteristics of 4 large-middle scale Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits in the research area are studied, and the genetic types of these mineral deposits is discussed also.
④Through attentive research for the geologic feature and mineralization feature and trace elements feature, combining with regional geologic background, a new deposit genetic type of volcanogenic post-magmatic hydrothermal vein of Shongxi deposit is put forward. Shongxi deposit has a relationship to Jurassic epoch land facies volcanic action.
⑤Through the research of regional ore-forming geologic background and mineral deposit geologic feature of large-middle scale Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits in Eastern Guangdong, the source of ore-forming materials of Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn is discussed, which showed that the Ag-Cu-Zn mainly came from lower crust-upper mantle and the Pb mainly came from upper crust and sedimentary status. Mineralization had a close relationship with Yanshan period structure-magma action.
⑥The mineralization model of Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn deposit in Eastern Guangdomg is preliminary set up. The Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn deposit of this area is post-magmatic hydrothermal vein deposit that is controlled by rupture.
⑦Through analysis predecessors data , the structure circumstances of volcanism and the genetic types of volcanic magma is discussed. Volcanism took place in the background of Pacific plate subduction to Eurasian plate. Original volcanic magma came from lower crust or upper mantle part melt.
⑧According to the analysis of regional geologic feature and mineralization feature and ore-forming geologic condition combining the knowledge of looking for deposit practice, a prospective area that have a good prospect in finding Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits has put forward, that is Meixian -Chaoan prospective area.
笔者一直在该区从事地质找矿勘查工作,在该区开展博士论文研究,有助于理论与实际相结合,有利于提高找矿勘探工作效果。通过区域地质背景分析、地质勘查找矿实践和大中型银铜铅锌矿床的研究,取得以下主要成果和认识:
①通过对区域地质背景和成矿特征的分析,找到了丰顺尖笔岽中型铅锌矿床。通过地质普查工作,初步查明了矿区的地质特征和矿化特征,对矿床的形成机理提出了独特的见解,认为成矿作用发生于控矿断层形成过程中断裂扩展的某个雏形阶段,成矿热液对容矿构造的形成具促进作用,矿液致裂作用明显。初步确定了矿床为与深部同熔型岩浆来源有关的岩浆期后热液矿床。
②通过对区域地层、构造、侵入岩和火山岩地质特征的分析研究,并结合板块构造理论,提出本区各地质发展阶段的演化与板块的漂移和碰撞作用关系密切,初步推演了粤东地区地质演化历史。
③对研究区4个大中型银铜铅锌矿床的矿床地质特征、矿化特征及矿床地球化学特征,进行了较深入的研究,对矿床的成因进行了探讨。
④通过对嵩溪大型银锑矿床地质特征、矿化特征和微量元素特征的较深入的研究,结合区域地质背景,提出了矿床成因的新认识:嵩溪大型银锑多金属矿床成因类型是与晚侏罗世陆相火山活动有关的火山岩浆期后中低温热液脉状矿床;
⑤通过粤东地区大、中型银铜铅锌矿床区域成矿地质背景和矿床特征的研究,对粤东银铜铅锌矿床成矿物质来源进行了探讨,获得银铜锌来源以下地壳为主,铅主要来源于上地壳和沉积地层,成矿作用与燕山期构造-岩浆活动关系密切的新认识。
⑥初步建立了粤东地区银铜铅锌矿床的成矿模式。本区的银铜铅锌矿床均为岩浆期后热液矿床,矿体呈脉状分布于有利的构造部位,严格受断裂构造控制。
⑦通过前人资料的分析,对本区火山作用的构造环境和岩浆成因进行了讨论,认为本区的火山作用是在太平洋板块相对大陆板块向北西方向俯沖的构造背景下的板内近陆缘环境中,由上地幔物质和下地壳部份熔融形成的原始岩浆,经过复杂的演化,喷出地表形成了本区岩石类型复杂的火山岩。
⑧根据区域地质特征、矿化特征和成矿地质条件的分析,结合笔者在本区地质找矿勘查工作中的认识,提出具较大银铜铅锌找矿潜力的远景区:梅县-潮安远景区。
Research area is in the southeast of South China fold system. It's geologic evolution history underwent three development stages :geosynclne, paraplatform and continental margin mobile belt; and the crustal movement underwent Caledonian movement, Indosinian movement and Yanshanian movement. Caledonian orogeny took place at the end of Silurian Period, which made the geosyncline to close and form fold basement. Devonian Period to middle Triassic epoch in the research area was in the stage of paraplatform development. At the end of middle Triassic epoch, Indosinian movement took place, which end the history of paraplatform development and make research area to get into continental margin mobile belt. Yanshanian movement took place during the end of early Jurassic epoch to the end of Cretaceous epoch , it was the most violent structure-magma activated period and was the most important ore-forming period nonferrous metal deposit in Eastern Guangdong. According to the regional geologic futures, research area can be divided into two tectonic elements: the Meixian-Feiyang late Palaeozoic Era downwaping region and the Eastern Guangdong upwarping region.There are plentiful in nonferrous metals deposit in the areas.
Writer has been undergoing in looking for minerals in this area for a long time. Through the analysis of the regional geologic background in Eastern Guangdong and the geologic exploration practice of looking for mineral deposit and the research of the characteristics of large -middle scale Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits, some main achievements and knowledge are as follows:
①According to the analysis of regional geologic feature and mineralization feature, A middle scale Pb-Zn deposit was discovered in Gianbidong, Fongshun. Through geologic exploration, the geologic feature and mineralization feature of mineral district was confirmed. Some new opinions of mineral-forming mechanism, mineral-forming process was put forward, which showed that the mineralization took place in the embryonic stage of fracture-forming process and the mineral-forming solution took part in the formation of mineral-hosting structure. The research shows that the genetic type of mineral deposit is post-magmatic hydrothermal deposit, which is related to the crust-mantle type magma.
②According to the research of regional stratum and structure and igneous rock feature combining with the theory of plate tectonics, a close relationship between the geologic evolution and plate movement in the research area was put forward, the geologic evolution history of Eastern Goangdong is deduced preliminary.
③The geology, mineralization and deposit geochemistry characteristics of 4 large-middle scale Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits in the research area are studied, and the genetic types of these mineral deposits is discussed also.
④Through attentive research for the geologic feature and mineralization feature and trace elements feature, combining with regional geologic background, a new deposit genetic type of volcanogenic post-magmatic hydrothermal vein of Shongxi deposit is put forward. Shongxi deposit has a relationship to Jurassic epoch land facies volcanic action.
⑤Through the research of regional ore-forming geologic background and mineral deposit geologic feature of large-middle scale Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits in Eastern Guangdong, the source of ore-forming materials of Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn is discussed, which showed that the Ag-Cu-Zn mainly came from lower crust-upper mantle and the Pb mainly came from upper crust and sedimentary status. Mineralization had a close relationship with Yanshan period structure-magma action.
⑥The mineralization model of Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn deposit in Eastern Guangdomg is preliminary set up. The Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn deposit of this area is post-magmatic hydrothermal vein deposit that is controlled by rupture.
⑦Through analysis predecessors data , the structure circumstances of volcanism and the genetic types of volcanic magma is discussed. Volcanism took place in the background of Pacific plate subduction to Eurasian plate. Original volcanic magma came from lower crust or upper mantle part melt.
⑧According to the analysis of regional geologic feature and mineralization feature and ore-forming geologic condition combining the knowledge of looking for deposit practice, a prospective area that have a good prospect in finding Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits has put forward, that is Meixian -Chaoan prospective area.
引文
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