汽车传动系参数优化及软件开发
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摘要
本文利用优化设计理论，对汽车传动系统参数进行了优化设计，并开发了传动系参数优化设计软件。
首先从汽车的动力性和燃料经济性入手，介绍了发动机和传动系等部分的数学模型，并提出了非稳态情况下的处理方法，总结出汽车动力性燃料经济性各项评价指标的计算方法。
在此基础之上，基于优化设计的理论，以汽车的燃料经济性为目标函数，以动力性能为约束条件，提出了汽车传动系参数的优化设计方法，并利用复合形法进行求解。
基于以上理论，利用Matlab软件为开发工具，编制出了汽车传动系参数优化软件，并以Matlab/GUI为界面开发工具进行了界面开发，建立了人机交互界面。该软件以Matlab为平台，界面友好，具有很强的人机对话能力，操作简单。软件除具有优化传动系参数的功能外，还能对汽车的动力性能和燃料经济性能进行单独计算。动力性各项评价指标的计算，包括最高车速、最大爬坡度、加速性能、动力因素；燃料经济性评价指标的计算，包括等速过程、加速过程、减速过程和多工况燃料消耗量的计算。
最后以哈飞汽车有限公司的路宝轿车为实例，对其各项性能指标进行了模拟计算，并对传动系参数进行了优化，就软件的实用性和可靠性进行了检验，结果令人满意。
The thesis uses optimization design theory, makes optimization design on transmission parameters of automobile, and exploits the software of transmission parameters optimization design.
Firstly, the thesis begins on the tractive performance and fuel economy of automobile, introduce the mathematic model of engines and transmission etc. and puts forward the solving methods under unstable condition, summarizes the calculating methods of tractive performance and fuel economy.
Bases on this, uses optimization design theory, looks the fuel economy of automobile as aim function, looks tractive performance as instructed qualification, puts forward the optimization design method of automobile transmission parameters, and solves it with complex algorithm.
Bases on above theory, uses Matlab as a tool to programme the software of transmission parameters optimization, and also take Matlab/GUI as the interface-exploiting tool to set up a interface of mutual communication between men and computers. Using Matlab as the platform, it has a very friendly interface, strong function of mutual communication between men and computers, and easy operational methods. Except the transmission parameters optimization function, the software also can calculate tractive performance and fuel economy. The tractive performance calculation mainly includes the maximum speed, the maximum climbing degree, acceleration capability and dynamic index. The calculation of fuel economy includes the calculation of uniform velocity, accelerating process, decelerating process and fuel consumption under multi-working conditions.
Lastly, takes the Lubao car of Hafei automobile Ltd. as example, simulates the functional index of it and get a satisfying result after the test on practicability and reliability of this software.
首先从汽车的动力性和燃料经济性入手，介绍了发动机和传动系等部分的数学模型，并提出了非稳态情况下的处理方法，总结出汽车动力性燃料经济性各项评价指标的计算方法。
在此基础之上，基于优化设计的理论，以汽车的燃料经济性为目标函数，以动力性能为约束条件，提出了汽车传动系参数的优化设计方法，并利用复合形法进行求解。
基于以上理论，利用Matlab软件为开发工具，编制出了汽车传动系参数优化软件，并以Matlab/GUI为界面开发工具进行了界面开发，建立了人机交互界面。该软件以Matlab为平台，界面友好，具有很强的人机对话能力，操作简单。软件除具有优化传动系参数的功能外，还能对汽车的动力性能和燃料经济性能进行单独计算。动力性各项评价指标的计算，包括最高车速、最大爬坡度、加速性能、动力因素；燃料经济性评价指标的计算，包括等速过程、加速过程、减速过程和多工况燃料消耗量的计算。
最后以哈飞汽车有限公司的路宝轿车为实例，对其各项性能指标进行了模拟计算，并对传动系参数进行了优化，就软件的实用性和可靠性进行了检验，结果令人满意。
The thesis uses optimization design theory, makes optimization design on transmission parameters of automobile, and exploits the software of transmission parameters optimization design.
Firstly, the thesis begins on the tractive performance and fuel economy of automobile, introduce the mathematic model of engines and transmission etc. and puts forward the solving methods under unstable condition, summarizes the calculating methods of tractive performance and fuel economy.
Bases on this, uses optimization design theory, looks the fuel economy of automobile as aim function, looks tractive performance as instructed qualification, puts forward the optimization design method of automobile transmission parameters, and solves it with complex algorithm.
Bases on above theory, uses Matlab as a tool to programme the software of transmission parameters optimization, and also take Matlab/GUI as the interface-exploiting tool to set up a interface of mutual communication between men and computers. Using Matlab as the platform, it has a very friendly interface, strong function of mutual communication between men and computers, and easy operational methods. Except the transmission parameters optimization function, the software also can calculate tractive performance and fuel economy. The tractive performance calculation mainly includes the maximum speed, the maximum climbing degree, acceleration capability and dynamic index. The calculation of fuel economy includes the calculation of uniform velocity, accelerating process, decelerating process and fuel consumption under multi-working conditions.
Lastly, takes the Lubao car of Hafei automobile Ltd. as example, simulates the functional index of it and get a satisfying result after the test on practicability and reliability of this software.
引文
1 何仁.汽车动力性燃料经济性模拟计算方法及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,
1996:1-2 9-17
2 Nobuo Iwai. Analysis on fuel economy and advanced systems of hybrid vehicles. JSAE Review,1999,4(2):3-11
3 张京明,周金宝.汽车动力性燃油经济性的综合评价.1996,18(1):51-54
4 John M Decicco. Projected fuel savings and emissions reductions from light-vehicle fuel economy standards. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,1995,5(3):205-228
5 Shiiba.taichi, Suda.Yoshihiro. Development of driving simulator with full vehicle model of multibody dynamics. JSAE Review, 2002,4(2):23-30
6 Akiyama.Keyu, Kikuchi.Takashi, Sugiyama.Shinichi. Gasoline Engine Oil Durability on Fuel Economy Impovement Performance. JSAE Review,1995,7(3):319
7 何仁,王建峰.汽车动力传动系统合理配备的实用方法.中国公路学报,2000,1(1):100-108
8 Rubin.Jonathan, Leiby.Paul. An analysis of alternative fuel credit provisions of US automotive fuel economy standards. Energy Policy,2000,7(9):589-601
9 张学利,何勇. 在用汽车传动系阻力的研究. 公路交通科技,2001,6(3):91-93
10 Decicco.John, Ross.Marc. Recent advances in automotive technology and the cost-effectiveness of fuel economy improvement. Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment,1996,12(2):79-96
11 Plotkin.Steven E, Greene.david. Prospects for improving the fuel economy of light-duty vehicles. Energy Policy,1997,12(14):179-188
12 Koech.Karl, Ebner.Heinz Walter. A Modern Fuel Consumption Measurement System for Improving the Fuel Economy of Internal Combustion Engines. JSAE Review,1995,5(3):328
13 Adolf Dannehl. 内燃机车的动力传动技术. 国外内燃机车,1994,(9):23-26
14 Jeong.Kwi Seong, Oh,Byeong Soo. Fuel economy and life-cycle cost analysis of a fuel cell hybrid vehicle. Journal of Power Sources,2002,3(1):58-65
15 Maclean.Heather L, Lave..Lester B. Evaluating automobile fuel/propulsion system technologies. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2003,(1):1-69
16 李宏德.计算机辅助汽车机械传动系统动力性能分析.河南科学,1998,12(4):455-458
17 Leoncini.Riccardo, Montresor.Sandro. The automobile technological systems:An empirical analysis of four European countries. Resesrch Policy,2001,10(8):321-340
18 He Ren, Gao Zongying.Fuzzy optimum of the automobile transmission parameters. SAE Paper 932922,1993,(3):2413-2416
19 Butler K L, Stevens K M.A versatile computer simulation tool for design and analysis of electric and hybrid drive trains. SEA 970199,1997,(3):1178-1182
20 车艳萍.优化设计在结构设计中的应用.西部探矿工程,1999,11(5):164-181
21 李清扬,宋琪瑛,王育德.一种新型基础的优化设计.河北建筑科技学院学报,1999,16(2):37-41
22 汪树玉,刘国华,包志任.结构优化设计的现状与进展.基建优化,1999,20(5):3-7
23 Lin Gan. Globalization of the automobile industry in China: dynamics and barriers in greening of the road transportation. Energy Policy,2003,5(6):537-551
24 Plourde.Charles, Bardis.Vassilios. Fuel economy standards in a model of automobile quality. Energy Economics,1999,8(4):309-319
25 何洪文,孙逢春,余晓江.车辆动力－传动系性能仿真的方法研究.北京理工大学学报,2002,10(5):582-586
26 何勇,张学利. 汽车动力性现状分析. 公路交通科技,2001,18(2):74-77
27 夏迎春,陈慧岩.动力传动系统的整体控制技术.车辆与动力技术,2002,(2):43-47
28 Hohlein.B, von Andrian.S,Grube, TH,Menzer.R. Critical assessment of power trains with fuel-cell systems and different fuels. Journal of Power Sources,2000,3(1):243-249
29 徐中明,罗卫东.汽车动力性和燃油经济性的计算机模拟与传动系参数优化设计.贵州农学院学报,1995,14(1):58-63
30 魏涛,赵宗煜.汽车变速器优化设计.武汉工学院学报,1992,(4):17-23
31 宋宝玉,任秉银.汽车传动系参数优化设计系统的研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2001,33(2):179-182
32 丁能根,蒋孝煜.汽车传动参数的模糊优化设计.清华大学学报,1997,37(11):123-126
刘惟信,戈平.汽车发动机与传动系参数最优化匹配的研究.汽车工
33 程,1991,(1):35-42
34 余志生.汽车理论.第二版.北京:机械工业出版社,1999:1-66
35 葛剑敏,郑联珠,王登峰,等.轮式车辆传动系统阻尼的研究.农业工程学报,2000,1(1):67－70
36 庄志.发动机使用外特性曲线的一种拟合方法.客车技术,2002,(2):24-25
37 Zheng Shixiong, Lin Yiqing. Multi-agent system used in the generalized optimization technique of man-machine integration. Journal of South China University of Technology,1999,27(4):65-68
38 Power.William f, Nicastri.paul R. Automotive vehicle control challenges in the 21st century. Control Engineering Practice,2000,6(6):605-618
39 张大壮,唐志强,张东业,等.汽车动力性燃料经济性通用模拟程序.汽车工程,1985,(3):12-15
40 Wenzl.T.B, Kriebel.D, Eisen.E.A. Magnetic field exposures in an automobile transmission plant. Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine,1997,(2):32-36
41 葛安林.汽车动力传动系参数的最佳匹配.汽车工程,1991,(1):24-27
42 Ren.Weiping. A vehicle transactions choice model for use in forecasting vehicle demand for alternative-fuel vehicles conditioned on current vehicle holdings. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,1997,1(1):56-57
43 张京明,刘泽砚,高松. 汽车动力传动系统模型的分析研究. 山东工程学院学报,1997,12(4):40-43
44 葛安林.离合器最佳接合规律研讨.汽车工程,1998,(1):18-22
45 Mizsey.Peter, Newson.Esmond. Comparison of different vehicle power trains. Journal of Power sources,2001,12(2):205-209
46 李峰.汽车动力传动系统控制最优化模拟研究.山东工程学院学报,2002,9(3):22-27
47 李东祥.汽车动力性能的计算机模拟其传动系参数的选择.湖南交通科技,2000,3(1):51-65
48 郑殿旺,姚喜贵.汽车动力传动系参数优化的试验研究.工业技术经济,1998,17(2):103-105
49 Plotkin.S.E, Greene.D. Prospects for improving the fuel economy of light-duty vehicles. Fuel and Energy Abstracts,1998,1(1):69-73
50 滕艳琼,王艳,陈富国.最小二乘法在计算汽车动力性中的应用. 公路交通科技,2001,16(1):64-67
51 何仁.传动系参数与汽车动力性燃料经济性间关系的模拟研究.江苏工学院学报,1991,12(2):26-29
52 黄少昌.计算机辅助机械设计技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社,1988,(2):32-37
53 张宝生,李杰,林明芳.汽车优化理论与方法.北京:机械工业出版社,2000,9(3):75-79
54 蒋国平,王国林,陈步达,等.车辆动力传动系振动研究评述.江苏理工大学学报,2000,5(3):22-26
55 马骏,马广发,卫修敬,等.汽车工程手册·试验篇.北京:人民交通出版社,2001:189-199
56 孙靖民.机械优化设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1990:1-20
1996:1-2 9-17
2 Nobuo Iwai. Analysis on fuel economy and advanced systems of hybrid vehicles. JSAE Review,1999,4(2):3-11
3 张京明,周金宝.汽车动力性燃油经济性的综合评价.1996,18(1):51-54
4 John M Decicco. Projected fuel savings and emissions reductions from light-vehicle fuel economy standards. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,1995,5(3):205-228
5 Shiiba.taichi, Suda.Yoshihiro. Development of driving simulator with full vehicle model of multibody dynamics. JSAE Review, 2002,4(2):23-30
6 Akiyama.Keyu, Kikuchi.Takashi, Sugiyama.Shinichi. Gasoline Engine Oil Durability on Fuel Economy Impovement Performance. JSAE Review,1995,7(3):319
7 何仁,王建峰.汽车动力传动系统合理配备的实用方法.中国公路学报,2000,1(1):100-108
8 Rubin.Jonathan, Leiby.Paul. An analysis of alternative fuel credit provisions of US automotive fuel economy standards. Energy Policy,2000,7(9):589-601
9 张学利,何勇. 在用汽车传动系阻力的研究. 公路交通科技,2001,6(3):91-93
10 Decicco.John, Ross.Marc. Recent advances in automotive technology and the cost-effectiveness of fuel economy improvement. Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment,1996,12(2):79-96
11 Plotkin.Steven E, Greene.david. Prospects for improving the fuel economy of light-duty vehicles. Energy Policy,1997,12(14):179-188
12 Koech.Karl, Ebner.Heinz Walter. A Modern Fuel Consumption Measurement System for Improving the Fuel Economy of Internal Combustion Engines. JSAE Review,1995,5(3):328
13 Adolf Dannehl. 内燃机车的动力传动技术. 国外内燃机车,1994,(9):23-26
14 Jeong.Kwi Seong, Oh,Byeong Soo. Fuel economy and life-cycle cost analysis of a fuel cell hybrid vehicle. Journal of Power Sources,2002,3(1):58-65
15 Maclean.Heather L, Lave..Lester B. Evaluating automobile fuel/propulsion system technologies. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2003,(1):1-69
16 李宏德.计算机辅助汽车机械传动系统动力性能分析.河南科学,1998,12(4):455-458
17 Leoncini.Riccardo, Montresor.Sandro. The automobile technological systems:An empirical analysis of four European countries. Resesrch Policy,2001,10(8):321-340
18 He Ren, Gao Zongying.Fuzzy optimum of the automobile transmission parameters. SAE Paper 932922,1993,(3):2413-2416
19 Butler K L, Stevens K M.A versatile computer simulation tool for design and analysis of electric and hybrid drive trains. SEA 970199,1997,(3):1178-1182
20 车艳萍.优化设计在结构设计中的应用.西部探矿工程,1999,11(5):164-181
21 李清扬,宋琪瑛,王育德.一种新型基础的优化设计.河北建筑科技学院学报,1999,16(2):37-41
22 汪树玉,刘国华,包志任.结构优化设计的现状与进展.基建优化,1999,20(5):3-7
23 Lin Gan. Globalization of the automobile industry in China: dynamics and barriers in greening of the road transportation. Energy Policy,2003,5(6):537-551
24 Plourde.Charles, Bardis.Vassilios. Fuel economy standards in a model of automobile quality. Energy Economics,1999,8(4):309-319
25 何洪文,孙逢春,余晓江.车辆动力－传动系性能仿真的方法研究.北京理工大学学报,2002,10(5):582-586
26 何勇,张学利. 汽车动力性现状分析. 公路交通科技,2001,18(2):74-77
27 夏迎春,陈慧岩.动力传动系统的整体控制技术.车辆与动力技术,2002,(2):43-47
28 Hohlein.B, von Andrian.S,Grube, TH,Menzer.R. Critical assessment of power trains with fuel-cell systems and different fuels. Journal of Power Sources,2000,3(1):243-249
29 徐中明,罗卫东.汽车动力性和燃油经济性的计算机模拟与传动系参数优化设计.贵州农学院学报,1995,14(1):58-63
30 魏涛,赵宗煜.汽车变速器优化设计.武汉工学院学报,1992,(4):17-23
31 宋宝玉,任秉银.汽车传动系参数优化设计系统的研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2001,33(2):179-182
32 丁能根,蒋孝煜.汽车传动参数的模糊优化设计.清华大学学报,1997,37(11):123-126
刘惟信,戈平.汽车发动机与传动系参数最优化匹配的研究.汽车工
33 程,1991,(1):35-42
34 余志生.汽车理论.第二版.北京:机械工业出版社,1999:1-66
35 葛剑敏,郑联珠,王登峰,等.轮式车辆传动系统阻尼的研究.农业工程学报,2000,1(1):67－70
36 庄志.发动机使用外特性曲线的一种拟合方法.客车技术,2002,(2):24-25
37 Zheng Shixiong, Lin Yiqing. Multi-agent system used in the generalized optimization technique of man-machine integration. Journal of South China University of Technology,1999,27(4):65-68
38 Power.William f, Nicastri.paul R. Automotive vehicle control challenges in the 21st century. Control Engineering Practice,2000,6(6):605-618
39 张大壮,唐志强,张东业,等.汽车动力性燃料经济性通用模拟程序.汽车工程,1985,(3):12-15
40 Wenzl.T.B, Kriebel.D, Eisen.E.A. Magnetic field exposures in an automobile transmission plant. Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine,1997,(2):32-36
41 葛安林.汽车动力传动系参数的最佳匹配.汽车工程,1991,(1):24-27
42 Ren.Weiping. A vehicle transactions choice model for use in forecasting vehicle demand for alternative-fuel vehicles conditioned on current vehicle holdings. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,1997,1(1):56-57
43 张京明,刘泽砚,高松. 汽车动力传动系统模型的分析研究. 山东工程学院学报,1997,12(4):40-43
44 葛安林.离合器最佳接合规律研讨.汽车工程,1998,(1):18-22
45 Mizsey.Peter, Newson.Esmond. Comparison of different vehicle power trains. Journal of Power sources,2001,12(2):205-209
46 李峰.汽车动力传动系统控制最优化模拟研究.山东工程学院学报,2002,9(3):22-27
47 李东祥.汽车动力性能的计算机模拟其传动系参数的选择.湖南交通科技,2000,3(1):51-65
48 郑殿旺,姚喜贵.汽车动力传动系参数优化的试验研究.工业技术经济,1998,17(2):103-105
49 Plotkin.S.E, Greene.D. Prospects for improving the fuel economy of light-duty vehicles. Fuel and Energy Abstracts,1998,1(1):69-73
50 滕艳琼,王艳,陈富国.最小二乘法在计算汽车动力性中的应用. 公路交通科技,2001,16(1):64-67
51 何仁.传动系参数与汽车动力性燃料经济性间关系的模拟研究.江苏工学院学报,1991,12(2):26-29
52 黄少昌.计算机辅助机械设计技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社,1988,(2):32-37
53 张宝生,李杰,林明芳.汽车优化理论与方法.北京:机械工业出版社,2000,9(3):75-79
54 蒋国平,王国林,陈步达,等.车辆动力传动系振动研究评述.江苏理工大学学报,2000,5(3):22-26
55 马骏,马广发,卫修敬,等.汽车工程手册·试验篇.北京:人民交通出版社,2001:189-199
56 孙靖民.机械优化设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1990:1-20