恩洪向斜煤层重烃浓度异常及其成因
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摘要
针对恩洪向斜上二叠统煤层重烃浓度异常原因这一长期争议纷纭的科学问题，从煤层气成藏条件、气体同位素、生烃母质、流体活动、孔隙特征等方面开展研究，取得某些新的认识：
1）发现恩洪向斜部分地区煤层重烃浓度高度异常，在垂向上具有“半旋回”特征，在区域上成片集中分布，地下水头高度与重烃浓度异常区分布一致，认为重烃浓度垂向分布特征受沉积序列控制，向斜构造对煤层重烃起到了强烈的封闭作用，地下水活动是控制煤层重烃浓度高低的一个重要地质因素。
2）根据煤层自然解吸气烃类、二氧化碳的碳同位素和氦同位素组成分析，认为恩洪煤层重烃气形成于有机热成因，煤层重烃浓度差异的主要原因在于受地下水活跃程度影响的微生物作用强弱，微生物降解重烃的过程具有选择性，使得所产生的甲烷富集12C，碳同位素较重的母质能产生较多的重烃和二氧化碳。
3）基于生烃热模拟实验和煤岩学分析，发现无论煤层重烃浓度正常区还是异常区，煤样的生烃母质组成和类型、生烃量、烃类组成没有实质性差别，均能够产生大量重烃；重烃气的产生贯穿于整个热模拟过程，直到模拟末期（热解温度500℃）重烃气产出量仍大于甲烷产出量。
4）煤及其脉体流体包裹体观测揭示，恩洪向斜煤层发育大量生油标志，指示该区煤生油能力较强，并发生过显著的生油历史，说明煤层重烃气浓度异常与生油能力之间存在必然联系。重烃浓度正常区与异常区煤中树皮体含量差别显著，渗出沥青体与树皮体在产状上存在成因联系，指示煤层重烃气主要来源于树皮体。
5）发现煤及含煤地层方解石脉体油气包裹体极为发育，重烃浓度正常区流体包裹体均一温度集中在130～150℃之间，异常区包裹体均一温度集中在80～90℃和100～110℃两个区间，即异常区煤中有机质经历了完整的“生油窗”，这可能是其煤层重烃气浓度显著较高的一个重要地质原因。
To solve the longstanding controversy scientific problems of abnormal concentrationand origin of heavy hydrocarbon gas in Late Permian coal seams of enhong syncline, theresearch work have carried out from the following aspects: coalbed methane reservoiringconditions, gas isotopes, hydrocarbon generation parent material, fluid activities andporosity characters. Innovative understandings are present as followings:
(1) The phenomenon of abnormal high concentration of heavy hydrocarbon in coalseams in some areas of the Enhong syncline was discovered. The distribution of heavyhydrocarbon concentration across the stratigraphic sequence shows characteristic ofhalf-cycle fluctuating vary, which matches well with the sedimentary sequence. Highgroundwater head value areas are consistent with the abnormal heavy hydrocarbonconcentration areas. Syncline structures have good seal capacity for heavy hydrocarbonconcentration in shallow coal seam. Groundwater activity is also an important geologicalfactor to control the amount of heavy hydrocarbon concentration of coal seam.
(2) The origin of heavy hydrocarbon in Enhong syncline is determined as thermogenicgas of coal seam based on the composition analysis of the carbon isotope of hydrocarbonand carbon dioxide and the helium isotope of coal natural desorbed gas. The difference ofheavy hydrocarbon concentration is mainly caused by the different microbial actionintensity. The process of microbial degradation of heavy hydrocarbon is selective to makethe generated methane rich in12C. Parent material with heavier carbon isotopes cangenerate more heavy hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide.
(3) Based on the hydrocarbon generation thermal simulation experiment and coalpetrography analysis, the parent material types, amount and composition of hydrocarbongeneration are nearly the same between the normal or abnormal areas coal samples, whichare both have good hydrocarbon-generating potential. The heavy hydrocarbon gas generatethroughout the whole thermal simulation experiment process. The output of heavyhydrocarbon is much higher than that of methane even at the end of the last phase ofthermal simulation experiment with the pyrolysis temperature of500℃.
(4) Inclusions in coals and veins proved that there are a large number of oil generationmarkers in coals of Enhong syncline which indicate that coals in study area have strongability of oil generation and had significantly generated oil in geologic history. There isnecessary connection between generation capacities of oil and heavy hydrocarbon in coalseam. The barkinite contents are different in normal and abnormal area. There are origin collections between barkinite and exsudatinite, which indicate that heavy hydrocarbon aremainly come from barkinite.
(5) Hydrocarbon inclusions are very well developed in calcite veins body of coal andcoal-bearing strata. The inclusions homogenization temperature ranges from130to130℃in normal area,, while the inclusions homogenization temperature are80～90℃and100～110℃respectively in abnormal area. The organic matter of abnormal area coal seamgo through complete “oil generation window”, which could be an important geologicalfactor for the high concentration of heavy hydrocarbon in coal seam.
1）发现恩洪向斜部分地区煤层重烃浓度高度异常，在垂向上具有“半旋回”特征，在区域上成片集中分布，地下水头高度与重烃浓度异常区分布一致，认为重烃浓度垂向分布特征受沉积序列控制，向斜构造对煤层重烃起到了强烈的封闭作用，地下水活动是控制煤层重烃浓度高低的一个重要地质因素。
2）根据煤层自然解吸气烃类、二氧化碳的碳同位素和氦同位素组成分析，认为恩洪煤层重烃气形成于有机热成因，煤层重烃浓度差异的主要原因在于受地下水活跃程度影响的微生物作用强弱，微生物降解重烃的过程具有选择性，使得所产生的甲烷富集12C，碳同位素较重的母质能产生较多的重烃和二氧化碳。
3）基于生烃热模拟实验和煤岩学分析，发现无论煤层重烃浓度正常区还是异常区，煤样的生烃母质组成和类型、生烃量、烃类组成没有实质性差别，均能够产生大量重烃；重烃气的产生贯穿于整个热模拟过程，直到模拟末期（热解温度500℃）重烃气产出量仍大于甲烷产出量。
4）煤及其脉体流体包裹体观测揭示，恩洪向斜煤层发育大量生油标志，指示该区煤生油能力较强，并发生过显著的生油历史，说明煤层重烃气浓度异常与生油能力之间存在必然联系。重烃浓度正常区与异常区煤中树皮体含量差别显著，渗出沥青体与树皮体在产状上存在成因联系，指示煤层重烃气主要来源于树皮体。
5）发现煤及含煤地层方解石脉体油气包裹体极为发育，重烃浓度正常区流体包裹体均一温度集中在130～150℃之间，异常区包裹体均一温度集中在80～90℃和100～110℃两个区间，即异常区煤中有机质经历了完整的“生油窗”，这可能是其煤层重烃气浓度显著较高的一个重要地质原因。
To solve the longstanding controversy scientific problems of abnormal concentrationand origin of heavy hydrocarbon gas in Late Permian coal seams of enhong syncline, theresearch work have carried out from the following aspects: coalbed methane reservoiringconditions, gas isotopes, hydrocarbon generation parent material, fluid activities andporosity characters. Innovative understandings are present as followings:
(1) The phenomenon of abnormal high concentration of heavy hydrocarbon in coalseams in some areas of the Enhong syncline was discovered. The distribution of heavyhydrocarbon concentration across the stratigraphic sequence shows characteristic ofhalf-cycle fluctuating vary, which matches well with the sedimentary sequence. Highgroundwater head value areas are consistent with the abnormal heavy hydrocarbonconcentration areas. Syncline structures have good seal capacity for heavy hydrocarbonconcentration in shallow coal seam. Groundwater activity is also an important geologicalfactor to control the amount of heavy hydrocarbon concentration of coal seam.
(2) The origin of heavy hydrocarbon in Enhong syncline is determined as thermogenicgas of coal seam based on the composition analysis of the carbon isotope of hydrocarbonand carbon dioxide and the helium isotope of coal natural desorbed gas. The difference ofheavy hydrocarbon concentration is mainly caused by the different microbial actionintensity. The process of microbial degradation of heavy hydrocarbon is selective to makethe generated methane rich in12C. Parent material with heavier carbon isotopes cangenerate more heavy hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide.
(3) Based on the hydrocarbon generation thermal simulation experiment and coalpetrography analysis, the parent material types, amount and composition of hydrocarbongeneration are nearly the same between the normal or abnormal areas coal samples, whichare both have good hydrocarbon-generating potential. The heavy hydrocarbon gas generatethroughout the whole thermal simulation experiment process. The output of heavyhydrocarbon is much higher than that of methane even at the end of the last phase ofthermal simulation experiment with the pyrolysis temperature of500℃.
(4) Inclusions in coals and veins proved that there are a large number of oil generationmarkers in coals of Enhong syncline which indicate that coals in study area have strongability of oil generation and had significantly generated oil in geologic history. There isnecessary connection between generation capacities of oil and heavy hydrocarbon in coalseam. The barkinite contents are different in normal and abnormal area. There are origin collections between barkinite and exsudatinite, which indicate that heavy hydrocarbon aremainly come from barkinite.
(5) Hydrocarbon inclusions are very well developed in calcite veins body of coal andcoal-bearing strata. The inclusions homogenization temperature ranges from130to130℃in normal area,, while the inclusions homogenization temperature are80～90℃and100～110℃respectively in abnormal area. The organic matter of abnormal area coal seamgo through complete “oil generation window”, which could be an important geologicalfactor for the high concentration of heavy hydrocarbon in coal seam.
引文
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