长株潭城市群城市化进程中水污染控制与水资源保护研究
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摘要
随着城市化进程的不断加快，城市水资源的短缺和水污染对环境与生态的危害也日益严重地显现出来，给城市水资源利用与水环境的保护提出了更高更迫切的要求。
湘江水资源是长沙-株洲-湘潭(以下简称长株潭)城市群城市化进程中的重要制约因素。近年来，长株潭地区经济持续高速发展，但环境保护未能与经济协调发展，致使湘江长株潭段水环境污染越来越严重。
本文从地表水污染源入手对湘江长株潭段水污染控制及水资源保护方法进行探究。点源及面源是地表水体的两大污染来源，在面源污染中，城市地表径流是仅次于农业面污染源的第二大污染源，也是目前在国际上越来越受重视而在我国研究较少的一类水环境污染源。在分析大量翔实的试验及监测数据的基础上，本文对城市地表污染物性质、径流污染负荷、排污规律等进行了深入细致地研究，提出了具体的污染负荷模型，在此基础上，对径流污染危害进行了预测研究。通过研究定量确定城市地表径流的污染负荷及其对地表水体影响。
湘江既是长株潭城市群的主要纳污水体又是主要的供水水源，湘江水污染已经危及饮用水源水质，成为影响长株潭区域人民生活健康与经济可持续发展的瓶颈因素。本文以保护湘江饮用水源为目的，研究如何利用数学模型对河流水质及河流污染带、水环境容量进行准确模拟和预测，并采用二维随机河流水质浓度及污染带随机计算模型对湘江长沙段饮用水源保护区进行方案优化，为城市建设水资源开发、利用提供了决策依据。
湘江水资源丰富而水质恶劣、污染严重，并呈现明显的地域分异特征，造成全河段水质型缺水危机。为合理充分利用水资源，本文利用“污染重心”模型首次对湘江长株潭段地表水水污染时空分布及污染变化趋势进行了定量分析。
利用“污染重心”模型定量计算得出的地表水水质时空格局及污染变化趋势，可作为流域水资源3S信息技术管理的重要基础内容，也可作为流域发展规划、特别是城市供水工程和排水工程选址决策的科学依据。
With the process of urbanization, the harm of the water resource lackness and the water pollution be more and more serious. And the protections of water resource are demanded more and more effective.
The water resource of Xiangiang River is the restrict factor of the 'process of urbanization. In recent years, the economy of Changsha-zhuzhou-xiangtan urban group is rising up rapidly, but the pollution of Xiangiang River Changsha-zhuzhou-xiangtan section is being more and more serious.
In this paper, in order to search the protection and treatment of the water pollution of Xiangjiang River, it studied the coming way of pollutions. The pollution can be divided into two group by its resource, one is point pollution, and the other one is non-point pollution. And the precipitation runoff pollution is the second important pollution of non-point pollution. In the developed country, the precipitation runoff pollution is being regarded as seriously, however in china, research on this subject is very few. In this paper, a lot of researches such as the scour law , the load of pollution, the character of street surface sediment are all being carried on based on plenty of experimentation data, and the models such as the pollution load are be bring forward. Besides these, this paper also forecasted the pollution of the scour in Changsha. To find the control ways of scour pollution to river is the purpose of this research.
The water pollution of Xiangiang River has done a lot of harm to the health of people, and the economy grows has been delayed by the pollution. This paper breaks through the limits and irrationalities of former methods, which uses the definite-water-quality model to simulate the hydrology and water quality under complex conditions. Based on calculating the distributing of the pollutant's concentration by using two-dimensional stochastic model of water quality, the probability calculating formula for determining the range of pollution zone in river is established. And the data of our field measurements testifies this model and calculating method. By using the two-dimensional stochastic model of water quality and the probability-calculating model of pollution zone, we improve the protection scheme for the drinkable water Protection Zone of Xiangjiang River for the first time. This paper offers the basis for policy-making in the exploitation and utilization of water resources for Changsha development.
The model of surface water pollution barycenter (MSWPB) was used in this paper to quantitatively analyze the pollution status and the variation of pollution barycenter
of the surface water for the first time, and it also forecasted the variation trend of pollution barycenter in this area of the river. By this kind of model, some scientific bases can be provided for pollution treatment and layout of drainage basin. From the results of the study, we can see that in order to keep the balance of the ecosystem it is very important to obey the order of nature in pollution management.
湘江水资源是长沙-株洲-湘潭(以下简称长株潭)城市群城市化进程中的重要制约因素。近年来，长株潭地区经济持续高速发展，但环境保护未能与经济协调发展，致使湘江长株潭段水环境污染越来越严重。
本文从地表水污染源入手对湘江长株潭段水污染控制及水资源保护方法进行探究。点源及面源是地表水体的两大污染来源，在面源污染中，城市地表径流是仅次于农业面污染源的第二大污染源，也是目前在国际上越来越受重视而在我国研究较少的一类水环境污染源。在分析大量翔实的试验及监测数据的基础上，本文对城市地表污染物性质、径流污染负荷、排污规律等进行了深入细致地研究，提出了具体的污染负荷模型，在此基础上，对径流污染危害进行了预测研究。通过研究定量确定城市地表径流的污染负荷及其对地表水体影响。
湘江既是长株潭城市群的主要纳污水体又是主要的供水水源，湘江水污染已经危及饮用水源水质，成为影响长株潭区域人民生活健康与经济可持续发展的瓶颈因素。本文以保护湘江饮用水源为目的，研究如何利用数学模型对河流水质及河流污染带、水环境容量进行准确模拟和预测，并采用二维随机河流水质浓度及污染带随机计算模型对湘江长沙段饮用水源保护区进行方案优化，为城市建设水资源开发、利用提供了决策依据。
湘江水资源丰富而水质恶劣、污染严重，并呈现明显的地域分异特征，造成全河段水质型缺水危机。为合理充分利用水资源，本文利用“污染重心”模型首次对湘江长株潭段地表水水污染时空分布及污染变化趋势进行了定量分析。
利用“污染重心”模型定量计算得出的地表水水质时空格局及污染变化趋势，可作为流域水资源3S信息技术管理的重要基础内容，也可作为流域发展规划、特别是城市供水工程和排水工程选址决策的科学依据。
With the process of urbanization, the harm of the water resource lackness and the water pollution be more and more serious. And the protections of water resource are demanded more and more effective.
The water resource of Xiangiang River is the restrict factor of the 'process of urbanization. In recent years, the economy of Changsha-zhuzhou-xiangtan urban group is rising up rapidly, but the pollution of Xiangiang River Changsha-zhuzhou-xiangtan section is being more and more serious.
In this paper, in order to search the protection and treatment of the water pollution of Xiangjiang River, it studied the coming way of pollutions. The pollution can be divided into two group by its resource, one is point pollution, and the other one is non-point pollution. And the precipitation runoff pollution is the second important pollution of non-point pollution. In the developed country, the precipitation runoff pollution is being regarded as seriously, however in china, research on this subject is very few. In this paper, a lot of researches such as the scour law , the load of pollution, the character of street surface sediment are all being carried on based on plenty of experimentation data, and the models such as the pollution load are be bring forward. Besides these, this paper also forecasted the pollution of the scour in Changsha. To find the control ways of scour pollution to river is the purpose of this research.
The water pollution of Xiangiang River has done a lot of harm to the health of people, and the economy grows has been delayed by the pollution. This paper breaks through the limits and irrationalities of former methods, which uses the definite-water-quality model to simulate the hydrology and water quality under complex conditions. Based on calculating the distributing of the pollutant's concentration by using two-dimensional stochastic model of water quality, the probability calculating formula for determining the range of pollution zone in river is established. And the data of our field measurements testifies this model and calculating method. By using the two-dimensional stochastic model of water quality and the probability-calculating model of pollution zone, we improve the protection scheme for the drinkable water Protection Zone of Xiangjiang River for the first time. This paper offers the basis for policy-making in the exploitation and utilization of water resources for Changsha development.
The model of surface water pollution barycenter (MSWPB) was used in this paper to quantitatively analyze the pollution status and the variation of pollution barycenter
of the surface water for the first time, and it also forecasted the variation trend of pollution barycenter in this area of the river. By this kind of model, some scientific bases can be provided for pollution treatment and layout of drainage basin. From the results of the study, we can see that in order to keep the balance of the ecosystem it is very important to obey the order of nature in pollution management.
引文
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