基于ABAQUS的混凝土面板堆石坝三维应力和变位分析
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摘要
在我国当前大规模水利水电建设中，混凝土面板堆石坝已经成为优先比选坝型之一。为了优化坝体材料分区、设计接缝止水系统、组织施工控制和减少工程投资，均需对混凝土面板堆石坝进行三维复杂荷载条件下的应力变位分析与施工过程仿真。
基于此，本文在国际上通用的大型非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS上开发出混凝土面板堆石坝应力和变位三维非线性有限元分析程序，并用于解决实际工程问题。
本文的工作主要包括以下几个方面：
1、在有限元模拟方法上对混凝土面板堆石坝的施工和蓄水过程、面板接缝的非连续变形以及面板和垫层间的接触效应等进行了总结和探讨，提出了自己的观点；并且基于ABAQUS采用了合理的模型和方法进行模拟。
2、模拟坝体堆石区采用Duncan—Chang本构模型，在三维空间里对堆石区提出了新的破坏修正方法，同时在有限元数值求解技术上也对传统方法进行了改进。
3、第一次以ABAQUS为开发平台，提出了Duncan—Chang本构模型的二次开发思路和实现步骤；完成了相应模块的编程，并且依据常规三轴试验数据和Duncan—Chang本构模型理论解对开发的程序进行了一系列严格验证。结果证明开发是成功的，开发的程序具有高效率、高精度、源代码简洁等优点，修改维护非常方便。
4、将开发的程序成功应用于某混凝土面板堆石坝三维应力变位有限元分析，显示了程序解决大规模三维复杂非线性实际工程问题的能力。
本文的工作对混凝土面板堆石坝的非线性应力变位分析具有积极作用，而且本文提出的模拟方法、求解技术以及开发思路对水工结构和岩土工程以及其它工程领域的数值仿真研究也具有广泛的借鉴意义。
On the progress with the great scale of constructions for water resources and hydropower stations in our country, Concrete Face Rockfill Dams (CFRD) have become increasingly popular types which is the most competitive and preferable for recent years. It is usually needed to carry out deformation-stress analysis and to evaluate performance for a CFRD subjected to some three-dimensional complex loads during its service period in order to optimize massed zones, design waterproof systems, control construction phases and reduce project investment.
Therefore, Based on User Subroutines in ABAQUS which is an advanced nonlinear FE analysis implement for general purpose, an enhancement feature, which is suitable to accomplish deformation and stress analysis by using Duncan-Chang constitutive model for CFRD, is implemented successfully and was applied for a CFRD project in China.
The major contents in this thesis are as follows:
1) The simulation methods were discussed for CFRD while constructing phase and storing water phase, and some new views were conducted for discontinuous deformation at the two sides of the slab joints and the contact between the concrete slab and the cushion.
2) Duncan-Chang constitutive model is used to analyse rockfill materials and new failure criterion is given to them in three-dimensional spaces. Some new numerical techniques of iteration are also suggested for CFRD analysis.
3) Choosing ABAQUS software as the high level development platform at first time, the redevelopment procedures to add Duncan-Chang constitutive model were described and were compiled to codes. Some numerical verifications were then examined strictly. According to the data of typical conventional triaxial compression tests and the theory results of Duncan-Chang constitutive model, the verifications show that the redevelopment is successful and the program codes have some obvious advantages with high efficiency, high precision, and are easy to be maintained.
4) A case study of CFRD's deformation and stress analysis used the redevelopment program was introduced and showed some powerful capacities to solve three-dimensional complex engineering problems.
All the schemes proposed in this thesis have strong utility to nonlinear analysis of
deformation and stress for CFRD and are cable of reference to numerical simulation research for geoengineering, hydropower structures and other engineering fields.
基于此，本文在国际上通用的大型非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS上开发出混凝土面板堆石坝应力和变位三维非线性有限元分析程序，并用于解决实际工程问题。
本文的工作主要包括以下几个方面：
1、在有限元模拟方法上对混凝土面板堆石坝的施工和蓄水过程、面板接缝的非连续变形以及面板和垫层间的接触效应等进行了总结和探讨，提出了自己的观点；并且基于ABAQUS采用了合理的模型和方法进行模拟。
2、模拟坝体堆石区采用Duncan—Chang本构模型，在三维空间里对堆石区提出了新的破坏修正方法，同时在有限元数值求解技术上也对传统方法进行了改进。
3、第一次以ABAQUS为开发平台，提出了Duncan—Chang本构模型的二次开发思路和实现步骤；完成了相应模块的编程，并且依据常规三轴试验数据和Duncan—Chang本构模型理论解对开发的程序进行了一系列严格验证。结果证明开发是成功的，开发的程序具有高效率、高精度、源代码简洁等优点，修改维护非常方便。
4、将开发的程序成功应用于某混凝土面板堆石坝三维应力变位有限元分析，显示了程序解决大规模三维复杂非线性实际工程问题的能力。
本文的工作对混凝土面板堆石坝的非线性应力变位分析具有积极作用，而且本文提出的模拟方法、求解技术以及开发思路对水工结构和岩土工程以及其它工程领域的数值仿真研究也具有广泛的借鉴意义。
On the progress with the great scale of constructions for water resources and hydropower stations in our country, Concrete Face Rockfill Dams (CFRD) have become increasingly popular types which is the most competitive and preferable for recent years. It is usually needed to carry out deformation-stress analysis and to evaluate performance for a CFRD subjected to some three-dimensional complex loads during its service period in order to optimize massed zones, design waterproof systems, control construction phases and reduce project investment.
Therefore, Based on User Subroutines in ABAQUS which is an advanced nonlinear FE analysis implement for general purpose, an enhancement feature, which is suitable to accomplish deformation and stress analysis by using Duncan-Chang constitutive model for CFRD, is implemented successfully and was applied for a CFRD project in China.
The major contents in this thesis are as follows:
1) The simulation methods were discussed for CFRD while constructing phase and storing water phase, and some new views were conducted for discontinuous deformation at the two sides of the slab joints and the contact between the concrete slab and the cushion.
2) Duncan-Chang constitutive model is used to analyse rockfill materials and new failure criterion is given to them in three-dimensional spaces. Some new numerical techniques of iteration are also suggested for CFRD analysis.
3) Choosing ABAQUS software as the high level development platform at first time, the redevelopment procedures to add Duncan-Chang constitutive model were described and were compiled to codes. Some numerical verifications were then examined strictly. According to the data of typical conventional triaxial compression tests and the theory results of Duncan-Chang constitutive model, the verifications show that the redevelopment is successful and the program codes have some obvious advantages with high efficiency, high precision, and are easy to be maintained.
4) A case study of CFRD's deformation and stress analysis used the redevelopment program was introduced and showed some powerful capacities to solve three-dimensional complex engineering problems.
All the schemes proposed in this thesis have strong utility to nonlinear analysis of
deformation and stress for CFRD and are cable of reference to numerical simulation research for geoengineering, hydropower structures and other engineering fields.
引文
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[4] ABAQUS. Theory Manual[M]. Hibbitte Karlsson & Sorenson INC, 2002.
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[2] Duncan J.M. et al.. Strength, Stress-strain and Bulk Modulus Parameters for Finite Element Analysis of Stresses and Movements in Soil Masses[A]. Report No. UCB/GT/80-01/, University of California,Berkeley, 1980.
[3] ABAQUS. Standard User's Manual[M]. Hibbitte Karlsson & Sorenson INC, 2002.
[4] ABAQUS. Theory Manual[M]. Hibbitte Karlsson & Sorenson INC, 2002.
[5] 姜弘道．水工结构工程与岩土工程的现代计算方法及程序[M]．南京：河海大学出版社，1992．
[6] 李国英．面板堆石坝新结构形式及其设计计算方法研究[D]．南京水利科学研究院，1994．
[7] 冯卫星，常邵东，胡万毅．北京细砂邓肯——张模型参数试验研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，1999，18(3)：327-330．
[8] ABAQUS. 2002 ABAQUS Users' Conference Papers(US)[C]. Hibbitte Karlsson & Sorenson INC, 2002, 5.
[9] 混凝土面板堆石坝会议论文集(1990)[C]．南京：河海大学出版社，1990．
[10] 蒋国澄．我国混凝土面板堆石坝的发展与经验[J]．水力发电，1999，10：45-50．
[11] ABAQUS．2002 ABAQUS用户年会论文集(中国)[C]．Hibbitte Karlsson & Sorenson INC, 2002, 10.
[12] 沈珠江．土体应力应变分析的一种新模型[A]．第五届土力学及基础工程学术讨论会论文选集[C]，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990．
[13] 蒋国澄，傅志安，凤家骥．混凝土面板坝工程[M]．武汉：湖北科学技术出版社，1997．
[14] 孙钧，汪炳鉴．地下结构有限元法解析[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，1988．
[15] Kondner R. L.. Hyperbolic Stress—Strain Response: Cohesive Soils[J]. J. SMFD, 1963 (1), Vol.89: 115-143.
[16] Janbu N.. Soil Compressibility as Determined by Oedometer and Triaxial Tests[A], European Conference on Soil Mesh. and Found. Engrg., 1963.
[17] 屈智炯．粗粒土在高土石坝的应用研究[J]．水电站设计，1998，14(1)：83-88．
[18] Bashar S.Qubain,Victor N.Kaliakin,Joseph EMartin. Variable Bulk Modulus Constitutive Model for Sand[J]. J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2003, 2: 158-162.
[19] 高辉，李守义．面板堆石坝非线性有限元应力变形分析[J]．西北水资源与工程，2000，11(4)：33-37．
[20] 陈慧远．土石坝有限元分析[M]．南京：河海大学出版社，1987．
[21] 屈智炯，刘开明，肖晓军．粗粒土卸载——再加载变形特性的研究[J]．水电站设计，1994，9 10(3)：24-31．
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