电站长尾水渠非恒定流数值计算分析及通航条件研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的发展,在通航河流上,建设水资源综合利用的枢纽工程越来越多。枢纽上下游水位的合理衔接是通航河流水运畅通的重要保证。如何来解决水位不衔接问题,以满足航运畅通的要求也已经成为当前急需解决的问题。利用挖深长尾水渠克服水位落差,实现上下梯级衔接,既可解决通航问题,又可以增加枢纽发电水头,同时还避免了因水位抬高而加大库区淹没的影响,对提高水资源综合利用也十分有效。
本文采用数值计算、物理模型试验等手段,在查阅了大量国内外相关文献资料的基础上,结合类似工程研究成果的类比分析与总结,取得了一定的研究成果:
首先以圣维南非恒定流偏微分方程为理论基础,采用Preissmann隐式格式差分法,建立了山区河流枢纽下游适用于长河段、长时段非恒定流计算的一维数学模型,并通过实测数据资料进行验证,吻合良好,为进一步分析研究电站长尾水渠非恒定流对通航条件的影响奠定数学模型基础。
其次依托大渡河安谷水电站枢纽工程,对数学模型的水力计算结果和有关资料进行分析,揭示了电站尾水渠非恒定流的传播特征及相关水流要素沿程变化的规律。研究两种不同入流边界情况下沿程非恒定流在尾水渠中的传播规律,为下游航道通航条件的研究提供了基础。
最后通过尾水渠通航水流条件试验研究,提出改善尾水渠通航条件的优化措施。运用四个方案的数模计算结果表明其计算值与模型实测值较吻合,说明了其较好的计算精度,但由于实例有限,其公式的使用范围需在今后的工作中进一步论证和完善。可以考虑在具有类似条件水电站的非恒定流影响下尾水渠通航条件研究中参考运用,具有一定的工程适用性和工程应用价值。
With the developing of economic in China, pivotal project has been more and more to comprehensive utilization of water resources in navigable river. The water levels of upstream and downstream at pivot must be reasonable linking-up, which is the important guarantee for the unblocked of navigation in navigable river. So how to solve the matter has been urgent affairs. By using excavated deep long tailrace to solve water levels fall and step of upper and lower, which can solve the matter of navigation, increase generating head of pivot, overcome the effect of water levels elevation to submerge reservoir region and improve the comprehensive utilization of water resources.
In this report, in consulting a great deal of domestic and international relevant literature, the contents are studied on the way of numerical calculation, experimental model test by analogical analyzing and summarizing the other similar engineering research achievements. We get plenty of results. the main results include:
Firstly, the one-dimensional mathematical model which is applicable to the calculation of a long time and long river section for unsteady flow at hub downstream of the mountain river are developed with the Saint-venant differential equation, adopting Preissmann implicit difference method and verified with the measured data of the experiments reach. in good agreement, And establish foundation for numerical Simulation of influences of hydroelectric power station long tail channel's unsteady flow on navigation condition.
Secondly, the waterway regulation structures and techniques on the Angu Hydroelectric Pivotal Project in the Daduhe River show the characteristics of unsteady flow motion and variable laws of related flow factors along downstream channel of the hydroelectric project. The variational rules of four different inflow instances on navigation channel are studied, those can provide the study of navigable channels with base data.
Finally, through the study with navigation flow conditions experiment of tailrace, some measures are suggested to improve the effect of navigation flow conditions of tailrace. Good computational accuracy was expressed by four living example, but instances are limited, so the service performance of the formula needed to be argumented further. There are certain engineering applicability and project practical merit of the empirical formula.
本文采用数值计算、物理模型试验等手段,在查阅了大量国内外相关文献资料的基础上,结合类似工程研究成果的类比分析与总结,取得了一定的研究成果:
首先以圣维南非恒定流偏微分方程为理论基础,采用Preissmann隐式格式差分法,建立了山区河流枢纽下游适用于长河段、长时段非恒定流计算的一维数学模型,并通过实测数据资料进行验证,吻合良好,为进一步分析研究电站长尾水渠非恒定流对通航条件的影响奠定数学模型基础。
其次依托大渡河安谷水电站枢纽工程,对数学模型的水力计算结果和有关资料进行分析,揭示了电站尾水渠非恒定流的传播特征及相关水流要素沿程变化的规律。研究两种不同入流边界情况下沿程非恒定流在尾水渠中的传播规律,为下游航道通航条件的研究提供了基础。
最后通过尾水渠通航水流条件试验研究,提出改善尾水渠通航条件的优化措施。运用四个方案的数模计算结果表明其计算值与模型实测值较吻合,说明了其较好的计算精度,但由于实例有限,其公式的使用范围需在今后的工作中进一步论证和完善。可以考虑在具有类似条件水电站的非恒定流影响下尾水渠通航条件研究中参考运用,具有一定的工程适用性和工程应用价值。
With the developing of economic in China, pivotal project has been more and more to comprehensive utilization of water resources in navigable river. The water levels of upstream and downstream at pivot must be reasonable linking-up, which is the important guarantee for the unblocked of navigation in navigable river. So how to solve the matter has been urgent affairs. By using excavated deep long tailrace to solve water levels fall and step of upper and lower, which can solve the matter of navigation, increase generating head of pivot, overcome the effect of water levels elevation to submerge reservoir region and improve the comprehensive utilization of water resources.
In this report, in consulting a great deal of domestic and international relevant literature, the contents are studied on the way of numerical calculation, experimental model test by analogical analyzing and summarizing the other similar engineering research achievements. We get plenty of results. the main results include:
Firstly, the one-dimensional mathematical model which is applicable to the calculation of a long time and long river section for unsteady flow at hub downstream of the mountain river are developed with the Saint-venant differential equation, adopting Preissmann implicit difference method and verified with the measured data of the experiments reach. in good agreement, And establish foundation for numerical Simulation of influences of hydroelectric power station long tail channel's unsteady flow on navigation condition.
Secondly, the waterway regulation structures and techniques on the Angu Hydroelectric Pivotal Project in the Daduhe River show the characteristics of unsteady flow motion and variable laws of related flow factors along downstream channel of the hydroelectric project. The variational rules of four different inflow instances on navigation channel are studied, those can provide the study of navigable channels with base data.
Finally, through the study with navigation flow conditions experiment of tailrace, some measures are suggested to improve the effect of navigation flow conditions of tailrace. Good computational accuracy was expressed by four living example, but instances are limited, so the service performance of the formula needed to be argumented further. There are certain engineering applicability and project practical merit of the empirical formula.
引文
[1]谭维炎.明渠一维不恒定流计算程序包MYBC[J].水利学报.1982.(1):P1-11.
[2]庚维德.赵小霞.黄菊.明渠一维不恒定流隐式差分数值解[J].水利学报.1986(4):P41-47.
[3]芮孝芳,冯平.多支流河道洪水演算方法的探讨[J].水利学报.1990(2):P26-32.
[4]邓云.河道型水库动库容的非恒定流一维计算及海湾潮流流场和浓度场的三维计算[D].四川大学硕士学位论文.1996.5.
[5]董文军.一维圣维南方程的反问题研究与计算方法[J].水利学报.2002(9):P61-65.
[6]蒋艳,雷正雄.Preissmann隐式格式在弯曲河道中的应用[J].水资源保护.2001.9P39-41.
[7]徐小明,何建京,汪德.求解大型河网非恒定流的非线性方法[J].水动力学研究与进展.2001.3P18-23.
[8]董耀华,黄煜龄.天然河道长河道一维非恒定流数模研究[J].长江科学研究院.1994.6.
[9]吴超,冉兴,郑永红.雅砻江唐谷栋垮山堵江溃坝洪水过程研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,A辑,1996.11(6):P29-32.
[10]郑永红.溃坝水力特性与断面形状关系研究[D].硕士学位论文.1994.5.
[11]Sneider,S.C,Skaggs,R.L Unsteady-flow Model of Priest Rapids Dam Releases at Hanford Reach[J],Columbia River,Washongton.NTIS-DE83008246,1983:PP1-59.
[12]Maynard,S.T..Safe Navigation Speeds and Clearance at Lower Sill,Temporary Lork 52[J],Ohio River.Final Report,NTIS-AD-A181207,1987:PP1-80.
[13]Stephen,K.,Himilton Potential Effects of a Major Navigation Project on Inundation in the pantanal Flood Plains[J].Regulated Rivers:Research & management,1999,15(4):PP289-299.
[14]Toro,S.M..Post-constructio n Effects of the Cameroonian Lagdo Dam on the River Benue.Journal of the Chartered Institution of Water and Environment management[J],1997,11(2):PP109-113.
[15]Theiling,C.H.,Maher,R.J.,Sparks,R.E..Effects of Variable annual Hydrology on a River Regulated for Navigation:Pool 26,Upper Mississippi River System[J].Long Term Resource Monitoring Program,NTIS-PB98103104,1997:21p.
[16]Mackey,D.L..Impacts of Water Levels on Breeding Canada Geese and Methods for Mitigation and management in the southern Flathead Valley[J],Montana.Final Roport,NTIS-DE88003962,1987:PP1-171.
[17]Robert,Factors controlling Navigation-channel Shoaling in Laguna made,Texas.Journalo of Waterway,port[J],coastal,and Ocean Engineering.2001,127(2).pp72-81.
[18]闵朝斌.再论最低通航设计水位计算方法的研究[J].水运工程,2003.10.
[19]陆永军.三峡工程对葛洲坝枢纽下游近坝段水位与航道影响研究[J].中国工程科学, 2002,4(10):P67-72.
[20]赵连白.三峡工程施工期葛洲坝通航水位工程措施研究[J].水道港口,2002,23(2):P66-72.
[21]谭德绥.三峡水库蓄水后的葛洲坝近坝河段通航管理[J].水运管理,2001,(4):P33-37.
[22]蔡金德.连续河弯滩槽推移质交换的研究[J].泥沙研究,1993,(4):P95-102.
[23]金生.王志力.安康枢纽下游非恒定流数学模型计算研究[J].水道港口,2005(1):p24-27
[24]陆金浦,关治.偏微分方程数值解法[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1987.
[25]南京大学数学系计算数学专业编.偏微分方程数值解法[M].科学出版社.1979.
[26]杨国录.河流数学模型[M].北京:海洋出版社.1993.
[27]谢鉴衡.河流模拟[M].北京:水利电力出版社.第一版.1990.
[28]K.麦赫默德 V.叶夫耶维奇(林秉南等译校).明渠不恒定流(第一卷)[M].北京:水利电力出版社.第一版,1987.
[29](美)张海燕.河流演变工程学[M].北京:科学出版社.1990.
[30]Chow,Ven Te,McGraw-Hill.Open Channel Hydraulics[M].New York,U.S.A.1959.
[31]李荣.关于影响曼宁糙率系数n值的水力因素探讨[J].水利学报,1989,(12),62-66.
[32]韩龙喜,朱羿,蒋莉华.山区型河道一维水力数值模拟糙率确定方法[J].水文,2002,22(6):P16-18.
[33]庾维德,赵小霞,黄菊.明渠一维不恒定流计算(隐式)程序包MYBC/YI及应用[C].水文水资源论文选(1978—1985).北京:水利电力出版社.1987.
[2]庚维德.赵小霞.黄菊.明渠一维不恒定流隐式差分数值解[J].水利学报.1986(4):P41-47.
[3]芮孝芳,冯平.多支流河道洪水演算方法的探讨[J].水利学报.1990(2):P26-32.
[4]邓云.河道型水库动库容的非恒定流一维计算及海湾潮流流场和浓度场的三维计算[D].四川大学硕士学位论文.1996.5.
[5]董文军.一维圣维南方程的反问题研究与计算方法[J].水利学报.2002(9):P61-65.
[6]蒋艳,雷正雄.Preissmann隐式格式在弯曲河道中的应用[J].水资源保护.2001.9P39-41.
[7]徐小明,何建京,汪德.求解大型河网非恒定流的非线性方法[J].水动力学研究与进展.2001.3P18-23.
[8]董耀华,黄煜龄.天然河道长河道一维非恒定流数模研究[J].长江科学研究院.1994.6.
[9]吴超,冉兴,郑永红.雅砻江唐谷栋垮山堵江溃坝洪水过程研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,A辑,1996.11(6):P29-32.
[10]郑永红.溃坝水力特性与断面形状关系研究[D].硕士学位论文.1994.5.
[11]Sneider,S.C,Skaggs,R.L Unsteady-flow Model of Priest Rapids Dam Releases at Hanford Reach[J],Columbia River,Washongton.NTIS-DE83008246,1983:PP1-59.
[12]Maynard,S.T..Safe Navigation Speeds and Clearance at Lower Sill,Temporary Lork 52[J],Ohio River.Final Report,NTIS-AD-A181207,1987:PP1-80.
[13]Stephen,K.,Himilton Potential Effects of a Major Navigation Project on Inundation in the pantanal Flood Plains[J].Regulated Rivers:Research & management,1999,15(4):PP289-299.
[14]Toro,S.M..Post-constructio n Effects of the Cameroonian Lagdo Dam on the River Benue.Journal of the Chartered Institution of Water and Environment management[J],1997,11(2):PP109-113.
[15]Theiling,C.H.,Maher,R.J.,Sparks,R.E..Effects of Variable annual Hydrology on a River Regulated for Navigation:Pool 26,Upper Mississippi River System[J].Long Term Resource Monitoring Program,NTIS-PB98103104,1997:21p.
[16]Mackey,D.L..Impacts of Water Levels on Breeding Canada Geese and Methods for Mitigation and management in the southern Flathead Valley[J],Montana.Final Roport,NTIS-DE88003962,1987:PP1-171.
[17]Robert,Factors controlling Navigation-channel Shoaling in Laguna made,Texas.Journalo of Waterway,port[J],coastal,and Ocean Engineering.2001,127(2).pp72-81.
[18]闵朝斌.再论最低通航设计水位计算方法的研究[J].水运工程,2003.10.
[19]陆永军.三峡工程对葛洲坝枢纽下游近坝段水位与航道影响研究[J].中国工程科学, 2002,4(10):P67-72.
[20]赵连白.三峡工程施工期葛洲坝通航水位工程措施研究[J].水道港口,2002,23(2):P66-72.
[21]谭德绥.三峡水库蓄水后的葛洲坝近坝河段通航管理[J].水运管理,2001,(4):P33-37.
[22]蔡金德.连续河弯滩槽推移质交换的研究[J].泥沙研究,1993,(4):P95-102.
[23]金生.王志力.安康枢纽下游非恒定流数学模型计算研究[J].水道港口,2005(1):p24-27
[24]陆金浦,关治.偏微分方程数值解法[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1987.
[25]南京大学数学系计算数学专业编.偏微分方程数值解法[M].科学出版社.1979.
[26]杨国录.河流数学模型[M].北京:海洋出版社.1993.
[27]谢鉴衡.河流模拟[M].北京:水利电力出版社.第一版.1990.
[28]K.麦赫默德 V.叶夫耶维奇(林秉南等译校).明渠不恒定流(第一卷)[M].北京:水利电力出版社.第一版,1987.
[29](美)张海燕.河流演变工程学[M].北京:科学出版社.1990.
[30]Chow,Ven Te,McGraw-Hill.Open Channel Hydraulics[M].New York,U.S.A.1959.
[31]李荣.关于影响曼宁糙率系数n值的水力因素探讨[J].水利学报,1989,(12),62-66.
[32]韩龙喜,朱羿,蒋莉华.山区型河道一维水力数值模拟糙率确定方法[J].水文,2002,22(6):P16-18.
[33]庾维德,赵小霞,黄菊.明渠一维不恒定流计算(隐式)程序包MYBC/YI及应用[C].水文水资源论文选(1978—1985).北京:水利电力出版社.1987.