江汉平原水资源保护及战略对策研究
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摘要
目前，国内外对水资源和水污染，特别是江汉平原的水资源和水污染分析方面都有过零星的研究。但是从江汉平原水资源的完全分布情况，对江汉平原水污染进行全面的分析和研究，并从经济学角度加以阐述，给予战略性的指导和建议尚未见到相关研究。本文综合利用博弈论、模糊决策理论、微观经济学的理论与方法，对江汉平原水污染的治理进行了尝试性的理论研究和实证分析。研究工作主要从三方面展开：水资源治理的基本理论研究、水资源治理的微观机理分析、江汉平原水资源发展的战略对策。通过这些研究，本文试图从微观的、定量的角度来探讨江汉平原水资源治理的动作机理，提炼规律，以期为完善江汉平原水污染治理体系提供参考。全文总体上分为四个部分：
第一部分，导言。首先讨论了研究的背景、目的及其意义，让读者对整个江汉平原水资源分布情况和水污染的严重现状有比较全面而清晰的了解，认识到对江汉平原水资源整体规划的紧迫性；其次，对研究的目的及其意义进行详尽的阐述，阐明了本文的出发点及研究的现实意义。
第二部分，水资源治理的基本理论研究。首先讨论了经济博弈论在水资源保护中的应用，通过博弈的均衡解对水资源市场的现状进行了探讨；其次从环境经济学、系统观与可持续发展的角度对水资源保护进行了探讨和建议。
第三部分，水资源治理的微观机理分析。建立了水资源治理的斯塔克伯格模型，提出了企业的最优策略及对我国环境污染治理的建议，并进行了严格的数学推导证明；运用博弈论的基本原理，探讨了在同时决策和先后决策两种情况下污染费如何定价和企业应如何选择排污量的问题，并对所得解进行了讨论；从博弈论的角度探讨了排污权交易中排污指标的定价策略，并比较了排污权交易下与传统的通过征收环境税收条件下排放的污染物总量，并提出了初始排污权的分配方法。
第四部分，江汉平原水资源发展的战略对策。以江汉平原为例，分析和提出了江汉平原工业污染和农业污染治理的战略对策，并用多因素模糊评价法对防治方案进行选择，这一部分的研究试图体现理论与实践的结合。
At present, there are a few researches on water resource and water pollution, especially JiangHan Plain. However, these aren't papers that wholly analyze water pollution in JiangHan Plain and provide strategic instruction, from entire situation of water pollution in JiangHan Plain and microeconomics. By employing game theory, fuzzy decision theory, microeconomics theory, this paper tentatively studies the theory and the empiric example of regulation on water pollution in JiangHan Plain. With these researches, this paper tries to discuss the operation mechanism of regulation on water resource in JiangHan Plain from the perspective of microscopic and quantitative angle, and summarize the regularity in order to provide some reference for the complement of regulating system of water pollution in JiangHan Plain. On the whole, this paper includes 4 parts.
The first part is an introduction. First of all, this part discusses background, purpose and significance. It makes readers completely and distinctly realize the distributing and serious present situation of water resource in JiangHan Plain, and recognize pressure on the whole plan of water resource in JiangHan Plain. Secondly, this paper expresses the object and meaning of this research.
The second part is an analysis of basic theory on water resource regulation. Firstly, this part discusses application of game theory on protection of water resource, and the status quo of water resource with the equilibrium solution of game. Secondly, this part analyzes the protection of water resource from the point of environmental economics, system theory and sustainable development.
The third part analyzes the micro-mechanism about regulation of water resource. Firstly, this part sets up Stackelberg Model, and provides enterprises' optimum countermeasures. Secondly, from the point of game theory, this part discusses how to decide pollution charge and how should enterprise choose pollution quantity under simultaneous decision-making and successive decision making, respectively. At last, the price fixing strategy of discharge from the point of game theory is discussed, the total pollutant between the trading of discharge and environment taxation are compared, and the distributing method of initial discharge is presented.
The fourth is the strategic countermeasures on water resource development of JiangHan Plain. This part takes JiangHan Plain as an example. The strategic countermeasures of industrial and agricultural pollution are embodied in the analysis of this example. This part tried to combine the theory with the practice.
第一部分，导言。首先讨论了研究的背景、目的及其意义，让读者对整个江汉平原水资源分布情况和水污染的严重现状有比较全面而清晰的了解，认识到对江汉平原水资源整体规划的紧迫性；其次，对研究的目的及其意义进行详尽的阐述，阐明了本文的出发点及研究的现实意义。
第二部分，水资源治理的基本理论研究。首先讨论了经济博弈论在水资源保护中的应用，通过博弈的均衡解对水资源市场的现状进行了探讨；其次从环境经济学、系统观与可持续发展的角度对水资源保护进行了探讨和建议。
第三部分，水资源治理的微观机理分析。建立了水资源治理的斯塔克伯格模型，提出了企业的最优策略及对我国环境污染治理的建议，并进行了严格的数学推导证明；运用博弈论的基本原理，探讨了在同时决策和先后决策两种情况下污染费如何定价和企业应如何选择排污量的问题，并对所得解进行了讨论；从博弈论的角度探讨了排污权交易中排污指标的定价策略，并比较了排污权交易下与传统的通过征收环境税收条件下排放的污染物总量，并提出了初始排污权的分配方法。
第四部分，江汉平原水资源发展的战略对策。以江汉平原为例，分析和提出了江汉平原工业污染和农业污染治理的战略对策，并用多因素模糊评价法对防治方案进行选择，这一部分的研究试图体现理论与实践的结合。
At present, there are a few researches on water resource and water pollution, especially JiangHan Plain. However, these aren't papers that wholly analyze water pollution in JiangHan Plain and provide strategic instruction, from entire situation of water pollution in JiangHan Plain and microeconomics. By employing game theory, fuzzy decision theory, microeconomics theory, this paper tentatively studies the theory and the empiric example of regulation on water pollution in JiangHan Plain. With these researches, this paper tries to discuss the operation mechanism of regulation on water resource in JiangHan Plain from the perspective of microscopic and quantitative angle, and summarize the regularity in order to provide some reference for the complement of regulating system of water pollution in JiangHan Plain. On the whole, this paper includes 4 parts.
The first part is an introduction. First of all, this part discusses background, purpose and significance. It makes readers completely and distinctly realize the distributing and serious present situation of water resource in JiangHan Plain, and recognize pressure on the whole plan of water resource in JiangHan Plain. Secondly, this paper expresses the object and meaning of this research.
The second part is an analysis of basic theory on water resource regulation. Firstly, this part discusses application of game theory on protection of water resource, and the status quo of water resource with the equilibrium solution of game. Secondly, this part analyzes the protection of water resource from the point of environmental economics, system theory and sustainable development.
The third part analyzes the micro-mechanism about regulation of water resource. Firstly, this part sets up Stackelberg Model, and provides enterprises' optimum countermeasures. Secondly, from the point of game theory, this part discusses how to decide pollution charge and how should enterprise choose pollution quantity under simultaneous decision-making and successive decision making, respectively. At last, the price fixing strategy of discharge from the point of game theory is discussed, the total pollutant between the trading of discharge and environment taxation are compared, and the distributing method of initial discharge is presented.
The fourth is the strategic countermeasures on water resource development of JiangHan Plain. This part takes JiangHan Plain as an example. The strategic countermeasures of industrial and agricultural pollution are embodied in the analysis of this example. This part tried to combine the theory with the practice.
引文
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[2] 李康．环境政策学[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2000．5
[3] 张维迎．博弈论与信息经济学[M]．上海：上海人民出版社，1996
[4] 谢识予．经济博弈论[M]．上海：复旦大学出版社，1997．6
[5] 谢季坚，刘承平．模糊数学方法应用[M]．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，2000
[6] 张道军、朱麦云、张昭、章志峰、郑文君．流域生态环境可持续发展论[M]．黄河水利出版社，2001．11
[7] 邹骥．环境经济一体化政策研究[M]．北京出版社，2000．6
[8] 朱庚申．环境管理学[M]．中国环境科学出版社，2000．9
[9] 范文涛．江汉平原湿地农业生态经济发展研究[M]．湖北科学技术出版社，1997．8
[10] 刘盛佳．长江流域经济发展和上、中、下游比较研究[M]．华中师范大学出版社，1998．12
[11] 毛志锋．区域可持续发展的理论与对策[M]．湖北科学出版社，2000．11
[12] 李和宇．城市可持续发展—实例：武汉市[M]．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1999．7
[13] 梁耀开．环境评价与管理[M]．北京：中国轻工业出版社，2002．1
[14] 叶文虎．环境管理学[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2000．6
[15] 钱宜、何学滨、任俐、郑晓红．中国环境保护读本[M]．黑龙江人民出版社，2002．1
[16] 刘静玲．人口、资源与环境[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，2001．1
[17] 聂晓阳．保卫21世纪-关于自然与人的笔记[M]．四川人民出版社，2000．10
[18] 沈清基．城市生态与城市环境[M]．同济大学出版社，2000．5
[19] 孙胜龙．环境污染与控制[M]．化学工业出版社，2001．2
[20] 杨小波、吴庆书等．城市生态学[M]．北京：科学出版社，2000．8
[21] 孙繁德．生态保护概论[M]．北京：中国环境科学出版社，2001．5
[22] 吕殿录等．环境保护简明教程[M]．北京：中国环境科学出版社，2000．10
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[24] 林娅．环境哲学概论[M]．中国政法大学出版社，2000．10
[25] Asit K．Biswas．水资源环境管理与规划[M]．黄河水利出版社，2001．11
[26] 彭华涛、崔讳满、吴威．公共资源悲剧的博弈分析及对策[J]．中南财经政法大学，2002年增刊
[27] 曾思育，傅国伟．混合博弈在水污染系统控制中的应用[J]．系统工程理论与实践，2001．5第五期
[28] 索南仁欠．多元回归分析在水污染评价中的应用[J]．青海师范大学学报，2000．4
[30] 黄赜琳，叶民强，金式容．公共河道水污染的博弈分析[J]．华侨大学学报，2001．7第22卷第三期
[31] 戴志军，彭晓春，黄鹄．灰色模型理论在河流水污染预测中的应用[J]．环境保护2002．1
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[34] 王有乐．区域水污染控制多目标组合规划模型研究．环境科学学报，2001．1第1期
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