抗高温抗盐钙水基钻井液降滤失剂合成、表征与作用机理研究
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摘要
抗高温抗盐钙钻井液降滤失剂是深井超深井钻井液的核心处理剂,一直是油田化学领域研究的重点。本论文以钻井液化学和高分子合成化学为基础,研究出一种具有自主知识产权的抗高温抗盐钙新型钻井液降滤失剂,并在抗高温抗盐钙钻井液降滤失剂方向作了新的理论研究和技术探索。
论文首先以抗高温抗盐钙钻井液降滤失剂性能要求为出发点,根据降滤失剂抗高温抗盐钙作用机理,结合分子结构设计,优选出四种聚合单体,采用氧化还原引发体系,通过共聚合反应首次合成了AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP四元共聚物水基钻井液降滤失剂。通过对反应体系pH值、引发剂种类与用量、单体总浓度、单体配比、反应温度、反应时间等反应条件的优选,确定了该共聚物降滤失剂的最优反应条件。最优反应条件的确定提高了共聚物降滤失剂的综合性能,并为后续的工业生产与现场应用奠定了基础。
基于合成研究成果,对AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP四元共聚物降滤失剂的进行表征分析,具体研究了该共聚物降滤失剂的分子结构、化学组成、粘均分子量、分子量分布以及热稳定性。研究结果表明,该共聚物降滤失剂的化学组成与分子结构符合设计要求,分子量及分子量分布合理,抗温性能优越。
对AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP四元共聚物降滤失剂进行性能评价。评价结果表明,该共聚物降滤失剂具有很好的降滤失性能,抗温性能达180℃,抗盐100000mg/L,抗钙5000mg/L。且该共聚物降滤失剂对钻井液体系流变性的影响微弱,高温高压环境下可以保持钻井液体系流变性能的稳定。
借助现代仪器分析,重点研究了AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP四元共聚物降滤失剂的自组装结构、与粘土颗粒的吸附作用、对钻井液泥饼形貌、Zeta电位和粒度分布的影响,进而深入地分析该共聚物抗高温抗盐钙降滤失机理。研究表明,该共聚物自身具有很好的抗高温抗盐钙性能,并可在高温含盐钙环境下,对粘土颗粒进行有效吸附。该共聚物降滤失剂通过有效的吸附与包裹作用改善粘土颗粒在高温盐钙环境中的水化分散作用,提高钻井液的泥饼质量。共聚物的自组装结构可以进一步降低泥饼渗透率,从而实现其抗高温抗盐钙降滤失剂性能。
AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP四元共聚物降滤失通过了油田的室内评价与现场实验,并最终应用于塔里木油田塔中区块的中古105H和中古1C两口6000米以上深井。现场实验结果表明,该共聚物降滤失剂的降滤失效果显著,配伍性好,对钻井液体系的流变性影响较小。
High temperature resistent and sodium/calcium tolerant fluid loss additive is the most important agent for deep well and superdeep well drilling fluid, and it is always the focus of the study. Based on the knowledge of drilling fluid chemistry and polymer chemistry, a new kind of high temperature resistent and calcium/salt tolerant filtrate reducer for drilling fluid which has independent intellectual property rights is developed.This paper also brings forward some new theoretical research and exploration about high temperature resistent and sodium/calcium tolerant fluid loss additive.
Firstly, this article, from the requirement on fluid loss additive performance of high temperature resistent and sodium/calcium tolerant drilling fluid, designs agent's chemical molecular structure in the light of filtration reducing mechanism under the circumstance of high temperature and sodium/calcium existing. Then, four kinds of monomer(AM, AMPS, SSS, NVP) is choosen to synthesize water-soluble polymer fluid loss additive AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP through oxidation reduction reaction. The best synthetic condition is optimized by analyzing the effect of synthetic conditions such as hydrogen ion concentration, initiator type and concentration, total concentration of monomer, ratio of different monomer, temperature of reaction and reaction time. The result of experiments shows the best synthetic condition can optimize properties of fluid loss additive and lays a solid foundation for its industrial production and field application.
Properties of AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP which is synthesized under the best synthetic condition are characterized, such as:molecular structure, chemical composition, viscosity-average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and thermal stability. Characterization shows that molecular structure and chemical composition of the polymer is match with the design, viscosity-average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of polymer is appropriate, and the polymer has excellent thermal stability.
Performance evaluation of AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP obtains two results. Firstly, the polymers can perform excellent filtration control properties under high temperature (180℃) and high salt concetration (sodium chloride up to100OOOmg/L and calcium chloride up to5OOOmg/L).Secondly, the polymers has a unconspicuous influence on the rheology of drilling fluid and it can keep the rheology of drilling fluid stable under high pressure and high temperature.
Self-assembly structure of AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP, and adsorption between polymer and montmorillonite particles is investigated by modern instrumental analysis. Polymer's influence on microscopic appearance of mud cake, Zeta-potential and Particle size distribution of drilling fluid is also investigated to analyze the filtration control mechanism of the polymer. The study shows the polymer has high temperature resistent and sodium/calcium tolerant properties and can adsorb montmorillonite particles effectively under high temperature and high salt concentration. Because of the adsorption and encapsulation of AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP, mud cake quality and dispersion of montmorillonite particles is improved. Self-assembly structure of the polymer can also decrease the permeability of mud cake to perform the properties of reducing filtrate loss under high temperature and high salt concentration circumstance.
AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP passes the laboratory evaluation and field test of oilfield. And it is applicated in the field(well Zhonggu105H and well Zhonggu1C) successfully. It is shown by result of field application that the polymer has a unconspicuous influence on the rheology of drilling fluid and good performance on filtrate control and compatibility.
论文首先以抗高温抗盐钙钻井液降滤失剂性能要求为出发点,根据降滤失剂抗高温抗盐钙作用机理,结合分子结构设计,优选出四种聚合单体,采用氧化还原引发体系,通过共聚合反应首次合成了AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP四元共聚物水基钻井液降滤失剂。通过对反应体系pH值、引发剂种类与用量、单体总浓度、单体配比、反应温度、反应时间等反应条件的优选,确定了该共聚物降滤失剂的最优反应条件。最优反应条件的确定提高了共聚物降滤失剂的综合性能,并为后续的工业生产与现场应用奠定了基础。
基于合成研究成果,对AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP四元共聚物降滤失剂的进行表征分析,具体研究了该共聚物降滤失剂的分子结构、化学组成、粘均分子量、分子量分布以及热稳定性。研究结果表明,该共聚物降滤失剂的化学组成与分子结构符合设计要求,分子量及分子量分布合理,抗温性能优越。
对AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP四元共聚物降滤失剂进行性能评价。评价结果表明,该共聚物降滤失剂具有很好的降滤失性能,抗温性能达180℃,抗盐100000mg/L,抗钙5000mg/L。且该共聚物降滤失剂对钻井液体系流变性的影响微弱,高温高压环境下可以保持钻井液体系流变性能的稳定。
借助现代仪器分析,重点研究了AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP四元共聚物降滤失剂的自组装结构、与粘土颗粒的吸附作用、对钻井液泥饼形貌、Zeta电位和粒度分布的影响,进而深入地分析该共聚物抗高温抗盐钙降滤失机理。研究表明,该共聚物自身具有很好的抗高温抗盐钙性能,并可在高温含盐钙环境下,对粘土颗粒进行有效吸附。该共聚物降滤失剂通过有效的吸附与包裹作用改善粘土颗粒在高温盐钙环境中的水化分散作用,提高钻井液的泥饼质量。共聚物的自组装结构可以进一步降低泥饼渗透率,从而实现其抗高温抗盐钙降滤失剂性能。
AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP四元共聚物降滤失通过了油田的室内评价与现场实验,并最终应用于塔里木油田塔中区块的中古105H和中古1C两口6000米以上深井。现场实验结果表明,该共聚物降滤失剂的降滤失效果显著,配伍性好,对钻井液体系的流变性影响较小。
High temperature resistent and sodium/calcium tolerant fluid loss additive is the most important agent for deep well and superdeep well drilling fluid, and it is always the focus of the study. Based on the knowledge of drilling fluid chemistry and polymer chemistry, a new kind of high temperature resistent and calcium/salt tolerant filtrate reducer for drilling fluid which has independent intellectual property rights is developed.This paper also brings forward some new theoretical research and exploration about high temperature resistent and sodium/calcium tolerant fluid loss additive.
Firstly, this article, from the requirement on fluid loss additive performance of high temperature resistent and sodium/calcium tolerant drilling fluid, designs agent's chemical molecular structure in the light of filtration reducing mechanism under the circumstance of high temperature and sodium/calcium existing. Then, four kinds of monomer(AM, AMPS, SSS, NVP) is choosen to synthesize water-soluble polymer fluid loss additive AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP through oxidation reduction reaction. The best synthetic condition is optimized by analyzing the effect of synthetic conditions such as hydrogen ion concentration, initiator type and concentration, total concentration of monomer, ratio of different monomer, temperature of reaction and reaction time. The result of experiments shows the best synthetic condition can optimize properties of fluid loss additive and lays a solid foundation for its industrial production and field application.
Properties of AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP which is synthesized under the best synthetic condition are characterized, such as:molecular structure, chemical composition, viscosity-average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and thermal stability. Characterization shows that molecular structure and chemical composition of the polymer is match with the design, viscosity-average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of polymer is appropriate, and the polymer has excellent thermal stability.
Performance evaluation of AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP obtains two results. Firstly, the polymers can perform excellent filtration control properties under high temperature (180℃) and high salt concetration (sodium chloride up to100OOOmg/L and calcium chloride up to5OOOmg/L).Secondly, the polymers has a unconspicuous influence on the rheology of drilling fluid and it can keep the rheology of drilling fluid stable under high pressure and high temperature.
Self-assembly structure of AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP, and adsorption between polymer and montmorillonite particles is investigated by modern instrumental analysis. Polymer's influence on microscopic appearance of mud cake, Zeta-potential and Particle size distribution of drilling fluid is also investigated to analyze the filtration control mechanism of the polymer. The study shows the polymer has high temperature resistent and sodium/calcium tolerant properties and can adsorb montmorillonite particles effectively under high temperature and high salt concentration. Because of the adsorption and encapsulation of AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP, mud cake quality and dispersion of montmorillonite particles is improved. Self-assembly structure of the polymer can also decrease the permeability of mud cake to perform the properties of reducing filtrate loss under high temperature and high salt concentration circumstance.
AM/AMPS/SSS/NVP passes the laboratory evaluation and field test of oilfield. And it is applicated in the field(well Zhonggu105H and well Zhonggu1C) successfully. It is shown by result of field application that the polymer has a unconspicuous influence on the rheology of drilling fluid and good performance on filtrate control and compatibility.
引文
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