低渗透储层测试工艺技术及试井分析方法研究
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摘要
我国东部油田环渤海湾陆上砂岩油藏多为低渗和特低渗储层,大部分试油井不具备自喷能力。近年来随着勘探的逐步深入,低渗透储层试油测试工艺技术在生产中已经占据主导地位,以地层测试为主体,一趟管柱完成多项作业成为目前试油工艺技术的发展方向。
本论文在研究总结低渗透储层地质特征一般规律的基础上,针对我国低渗透油气藏的渗流特点,建立了低速非达西渗流方程,得到了考虑启动压力梯度的试井分析图版；针对低渗透油气藏不出现径向流的压力资料,提出了早期小信号提取及放大技术进行试井分析,形成了四种典型曲线图版,降低了早期图版曲线拟合多解性；针对低渗透非自喷井的压力恢复资料,建立了井筒垂直管流方程以及DST流动的地层渗流方程,得到了DST流动与恢复联合分析方法,从而提高了试井资料的解释率和解释精度。同时,对“新型DST压控选择测试系统”进行攻关,成功研制了以选择测试阀为核心的压控测试系统,解决了低渗透储层测试施工长时间开井排液需要环空保持压力的问题,保证了低渗储层大测试压差测试施工正常开关井；对射流泵排液工艺技术进行研究,实现了正、反排交替作业,形成了既能与油管配合又能与钻杆配合的射流泵排液配套技术系列,解决了低渗储层试油及中途测试液性、产能落实困难的问题；对除砂、油水分离、计量、加热为一体的多功能计量装置研制,解决了低渗储层稠油井、出砂井射流泵排液地面油水处理等技术难题；并通过测试管柱的优化,形成了一套适用于低渗储层的试油测试工艺管柱系列,从而拓宽了地层测试和其它井下作业,如射孔、酸化、压裂、诱喷排液、挤水泥作业等的兼容性,更适合需要长时间开井排液的低渗透储层的需要,最终形成了一套适合低渗透油气藏的测试工艺技术和试井分析方法,经过现场推广应用效果显著。
Oil fields in eastern China continental sandstone reservoir of bay of annulus Bohai sea for low permeability and low permeability reservoir most do not have the flowing capacity of oil testing well. In recent years, with the gradual deepening of the exploration, low permeability reservoir of oil testing technology in production has been the dominant position, with well testing as the main body, a pipe column to complete a number of operations to become the well testing technology development direction.
This paper summarized in low permeability reservoir geological features in general on the basis of the law, in the light of our country low permeability oil and gas reservoir percolation characteristic, established a low-velocity non-Darcy percolation equation, is obtained by considering starting pressure gradient testing analysis chart; for low permeability oil and gas reservoir without radial flow pressure data, put forward early stage small signal extraction and amplification technology in well test analysis, formed four kinds of typical curve, reduces the early chart curve fitting multiple solutions; in low permeability non flowing wells buildup pressure data, to establish a wellbore flow in vertical pipe flow equation and the DST stratum percolation equation, obtained by DST flow and restoration of joint analysis method, thus improving the well test data interpretation and the interpretation accuracy rate. At the same time, the" new DST pressure-controlled with select tester valve system" research, successfully developed to select tester valve key pressure control test system, the problem of the low permeability reservoir well testing long time open well annulus liquid discharge need to keep the pressure of the problem, ensuring low permeability reservoir test pressure well testing the normal shut in the well; the hydraulic jet pump technology research, achieved a positive, reverse discharging alternating operation, the formation of both the energy and the tubing and drill pipe matched with hydraulic jet pump supporting technology series, solves the low permeability reservoir oil and drill-stem testing liquid, capacity to implement difficult problem; in addition to sand, oil-water separation, metering, heating for the multifunctional metering device development, solve the low permeability reservoir in heavy oil well, sand well jet pump ground water treatment and other technical problems; and through the test string to optimize, form a set of suitable for the reservoir of low permeability well test process test string, thereby broadening formation testing and other downhole operations, such as perforation, acidification, fracturing, induced flow, cement squeeze work such as compatibility, better suited to the needs of long time of open well drainage in low permeability reservoir needs, Finally has formed a set of suitable for low permeability oil and gas reservoir test technology and test analysis method, through the field application effect.
本论文在研究总结低渗透储层地质特征一般规律的基础上,针对我国低渗透油气藏的渗流特点,建立了低速非达西渗流方程,得到了考虑启动压力梯度的试井分析图版；针对低渗透油气藏不出现径向流的压力资料,提出了早期小信号提取及放大技术进行试井分析,形成了四种典型曲线图版,降低了早期图版曲线拟合多解性；针对低渗透非自喷井的压力恢复资料,建立了井筒垂直管流方程以及DST流动的地层渗流方程,得到了DST流动与恢复联合分析方法,从而提高了试井资料的解释率和解释精度。同时,对“新型DST压控选择测试系统”进行攻关,成功研制了以选择测试阀为核心的压控测试系统,解决了低渗透储层测试施工长时间开井排液需要环空保持压力的问题,保证了低渗储层大测试压差测试施工正常开关井；对射流泵排液工艺技术进行研究,实现了正、反排交替作业,形成了既能与油管配合又能与钻杆配合的射流泵排液配套技术系列,解决了低渗储层试油及中途测试液性、产能落实困难的问题；对除砂、油水分离、计量、加热为一体的多功能计量装置研制,解决了低渗储层稠油井、出砂井射流泵排液地面油水处理等技术难题；并通过测试管柱的优化,形成了一套适用于低渗储层的试油测试工艺管柱系列,从而拓宽了地层测试和其它井下作业,如射孔、酸化、压裂、诱喷排液、挤水泥作业等的兼容性,更适合需要长时间开井排液的低渗透储层的需要,最终形成了一套适合低渗透油气藏的测试工艺技术和试井分析方法,经过现场推广应用效果显著。
Oil fields in eastern China continental sandstone reservoir of bay of annulus Bohai sea for low permeability and low permeability reservoir most do not have the flowing capacity of oil testing well. In recent years, with the gradual deepening of the exploration, low permeability reservoir of oil testing technology in production has been the dominant position, with well testing as the main body, a pipe column to complete a number of operations to become the well testing technology development direction.
This paper summarized in low permeability reservoir geological features in general on the basis of the law, in the light of our country low permeability oil and gas reservoir percolation characteristic, established a low-velocity non-Darcy percolation equation, is obtained by considering starting pressure gradient testing analysis chart; for low permeability oil and gas reservoir without radial flow pressure data, put forward early stage small signal extraction and amplification technology in well test analysis, formed four kinds of typical curve, reduces the early chart curve fitting multiple solutions; in low permeability non flowing wells buildup pressure data, to establish a wellbore flow in vertical pipe flow equation and the DST stratum percolation equation, obtained by DST flow and restoration of joint analysis method, thus improving the well test data interpretation and the interpretation accuracy rate. At the same time, the" new DST pressure-controlled with select tester valve system" research, successfully developed to select tester valve key pressure control test system, the problem of the low permeability reservoir well testing long time open well annulus liquid discharge need to keep the pressure of the problem, ensuring low permeability reservoir test pressure well testing the normal shut in the well; the hydraulic jet pump technology research, achieved a positive, reverse discharging alternating operation, the formation of both the energy and the tubing and drill pipe matched with hydraulic jet pump supporting technology series, solves the low permeability reservoir oil and drill-stem testing liquid, capacity to implement difficult problem; in addition to sand, oil-water separation, metering, heating for the multifunctional metering device development, solve the low permeability reservoir in heavy oil well, sand well jet pump ground water treatment and other technical problems; and through the test string to optimize, form a set of suitable for the reservoir of low permeability well test process test string, thereby broadening formation testing and other downhole operations, such as perforation, acidification, fracturing, induced flow, cement squeeze work such as compatibility, better suited to the needs of long time of open well drainage in low permeability reservoir needs, Finally has formed a set of suitable for low permeability oil and gas reservoir test technology and test analysis method, through the field application effect.
引文
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