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油田伴生气酸性气体脱除技术研究
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摘要
大庆油田伴生气中的CO_2含量有明显上升的趋势,对天然气深冷装置以及下游的乙烯装置都带来不利影响。因此,采取有效的措施,脱除油田伴生气中的酸性气体具有现实意义。国内在油田伴生气中的酸性气体脱除领域尚无成熟技术,国外应用案例也较少,开展此项技术研究十分必要。
     工业上脱除CO_2的方法主要有变压吸附法,低温甲醇洗,膜分离法和化学溶剂吸收法。化学溶剂吸收法中应用最广泛的溶剂是混合胺。混合胺法酸性气体脱除工艺具有能耗低、处理能力大以及对装置腐蚀轻等优点,比较适合用于气体中的CO_2脱除。本文以大庆油田伴生气为研究对象,开展混合胺法脱除酸性气体的研究。主要研究适宜的混合胺溶剂配方,以及H_2S、CO_2、C_1-C_8在混合胺溶剂中的溶解度与温度、压力和气体组成的关系。通过实验研究,建立了液相混合胺溶液吸收CO_2的速率关联式。根据实验数据,确定了适用于本溶液的CO_2溶解度系数与温度、混合胺浓度之间的半理论半经验的关联式;以及混合胺溶液吸收CO_2二级反应速率常数k与温度的关系式。根据实验结果,模拟完成了较为完整伴生气脱除CO_2装置的工艺设计,包括装置的物料平衡、工艺流程、主要设备、吸收剂和公用工程消耗、投资估算等方面。
The content of CO_2 in associated natural gas of Daqing Oil field has an apparent upward trend in recentyears, which has an unfavorable effect on the Natural Gas Cryogenic Plants and the downstream EthyleneFactory. So it will have a practical significance to remove acid gases from associated gas with effectivemeasures. At present, there is neither mature technology to fulfill this in domestic market nor too muchapplied cases in similar situation in abroad industry, so it is necessary to research.
     Industrial methods to remove CO_2 include PSA, Rectiso, Membrane and MDEA. The most commonlyused solvent in chemical solvents absorption process is mixed amines. The process to remove acid gaseswith mixed amines has many advantages including low energy consumption, high processing capacity andlight corrosion, which is favorable for removing CO_2 from gases. This paper takes associated natural gas ofDaqing Oilfield as investigated subject and Study suitable technology to remove acid gases with mixedamines. Suitable compounding of mixed amines, the relation of solubility of H_2S, CO_2 and C_1-C_8 incompounded amines and temperature, pressure and composition of gases. Based on research findings, acorrelation formula for calculating velocity of mixed amine's absorption velocity of CO2 is established. Ahemi-theoretic and hemi-empirical formula for calculating CO_2's solubility factor in this mixed aminesunder different temperature and concentration and a two stage reaction velocity correlation formula of thesemixed amine's absorption of CO_2 are also determined.Based on research results, a rather integrated processdesign is completed for building plant to remove CO_2 from associated natural gas, which includes materialbalance, process flow, main equipment, consumption of absorbent and public facilities, investment estimateare involved..
引文
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