近临界流体储存车用天然气技术研究
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摘要
目前，我国很多油田伴生气由于缺乏有效的回收利用手段，大量被释放燃烧，造成资源的巨大浪费。而天然气用做汽车的代用燃料，具有储量丰富、价格便宜；辛烷值高、燃烧充分；低硫、低氮、无灰，可减少环境污染等优点。但是，目前的压缩天然气储气技术存在储气压力高、储气量小等缺点，既不能够用于回收油田伴生气，又不能够为天然气汽车一次储存更多的气，因此，开发一种能够大量储存天然气的技术就十分必要。本文主要研究在近临界状态下，流体对天然气的溶解效果，并研究天然气在近临界流体中的溶解机理，以及影响天然气在近临界流体中溶解的因素，为车用天然气的储存提供一种高效的储气手段。同时，本文对现有压缩天然气加气站的工艺流程进行了分析与改进，使之能够适应该项技术对天然气汽车加气的需要。本文所做的研究对于天然气的回收利用以及天然气汽车的快速发展将起到良好的促进和推动作用。
At present, because of shortage of effective recovery utilization means, a lot of oil field associated gas of our country is released and combusted. It causes the huge waste of resources. As the substitute fuel of vehicles, natural gas has many advantages, such as the abundant reserves, low prices, high octane number, great combustibility, low sulphur, low nitrogen, no ash and so on. It can also reduce the environmental pollution, which is caused by combustion of gasoline or other fuels. But, now, compressed natural gas storage technology has some shortcomings such as high gas storage pressure, low gas storage capacity and so on. The present compressed natural gas storage technology cannot be applied to recover the associated gas of oil field, nor store more gas for the natural gas vehicle. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a kind
of technology of storing more natural gas than compressed natural gas. This paper studies the solubility of natural gas, the dissolving mechanism of natural gas and the influencing factors of the solubility of natural gas under the near critical condition of fluid. It provides one kind of gas storage means of high efficiency for natural gas vehicle. At the same time, this paper analyses and improves the present compressed natural gas station to make it suit the technology. This paper's study will greatly promote and push forward the recovery and utilization of natural gas and the quick development of natural gas vehicle.
At present, because of shortage of effective recovery utilization means, a lot of oil field associated gas of our country is released and combusted. It causes the huge waste of resources. As the substitute fuel of vehicles, natural gas has many advantages, such as the abundant reserves, low prices, high octane number, great combustibility, low sulphur, low nitrogen, no ash and so on. It can also reduce the environmental pollution, which is caused by combustion of gasoline or other fuels. But, now, compressed natural gas storage technology has some shortcomings such as high gas storage pressure, low gas storage capacity and so on. The present compressed natural gas storage technology cannot be applied to recover the associated gas of oil field, nor store more gas for the natural gas vehicle. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a kind
of technology of storing more natural gas than compressed natural gas. This paper studies the solubility of natural gas, the dissolving mechanism of natural gas and the influencing factors of the solubility of natural gas under the near critical condition of fluid. It provides one kind of gas storage means of high efficiency for natural gas vehicle. At the same time, this paper analyses and improves the present compressed natural gas station to make it suit the technology. This paper's study will greatly promote and push forward the recovery and utilization of natural gas and the quick development of natural gas vehicle.
引文
[1] 孙志高，樊栓狮，郭开华，王如竹，“气体水合物——储运天然气技术与发展”，《化工进展》，2001
[2] 徐文渊，“液化石油气(LPG)、压缩天然气(CNG)、液化天然气(LNG)作汽车燃料的现状和发展”，《石油与天然气化工》，1995
[3] Burns Jack M., A Natural Gas Transportation System for Wells With No Pipeline Connection, Pressure Transport Inc., JPT, 1982
[4] 唐晓东，“不能管输天然气的开发利用”，《石油与天然气化工》，1996
[5] 伍永乔，“世界天然气汽车发展现状”，《中国天然气汽车》，2002
[6] 唐晓东，“提高天然气汽车动力性的途径”，《石油与天然气化工》，1998
[7] 唐晓东，“天然气汽车的储气技术”，《石油与天然气化工》，1997
[8] Vaughan Harold E., LNGA Boon to the Natural Gas Industry, Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp., JPT, 1969
[9] 庄永茂，闻望，“车用天然气吸附储存的研究”，《煤气与热力》，1997
[10] 陈进富等，“吸附法储存天然气汽车燃料技术的研究”，《天然气工业》，1999
[11] Cardenas A. R., Lagoven S. A., Pilehvari A. A., Heenan W. A., Is There a Hope for Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG) Vehicles?, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, SPE(35581), 1996
[12] Gudmundsson J. S., U. of Trondheim; Parlaktuna Mahmut, Middle East Technical U.; Khokhar A. A., U. of Trondheim, Storage of Natural Gas as Frozen Hydrate, SPE(24924), 1992
[13] 王颂秋，“多孔性储气库储气压力的探讨”，《煤气与热力》，1996
[14] Katz Donald L., U. of Michigan, Tek M. Rasin, U. of Michigan, Overview on Underground Storage of Natural Gas, JPT, 1981
[15] 温斌，张鹏，王琪，“用于定容储存天然气的活性炭吸附剂的研制”，《北京化工大学学报》，1998
[16] 邹勇，陆绍信，朱亚杰，“活性炭吸附贮存天然气的最佳压力研究”，《石油与天然气化工》，1996
[17] 唐晓东，陈进富，“用作天然吸附贮存的新型活性炭吸附剂的开发研
究”，《炭素》，1997
[18] 肖锦堂，“吸附天然气(ANG)作汽车燃料的开发研究”，《石油与天然气化工》，1994
[19] Gudmundsson J. S., SPE, Production&Facilities, 1994, 2:218
[20] Gudmundsson J. S., Petroleum Review, 1996, 5:232
[21] Gudmundsson J. S., Borrehaug, 2nd International Conference on Natural Gas Hydrate, 1996, 415
[22] 闫光灿，“世界地下储气库”，《天然气与石油》，1997
[23] Coats Keith H., Some Technical and Economic Aspects Of Underground Gas Storage, Esso Production Research CO., JPT, 1966
[24] 张镜澄，《超临界流体萃取》，北京：化学工业出版社，2000
[25] 朱自强，《超临界流体技术—原理和应用》，北京：化学工业出版社，2000
[26] 王利生等，“近临界流体储存车用天然气”，《石油与天然气化工》，1996
[27] Reamer H. H., Duffy C. H., Sage B. H., Methane-n-Pentane-Methane in Liquid Phase, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1956, 48(2):282～284
[28] 邝生鲁，肖稳发，陈芬儿，“应大力发展天然气利用技术”，《现代化工》，2000
[29] 王仁安等，《第二届全国超临界流体技术学术应用研讨会论文集》，广州：1998
[30] 胡云翔，王仁安等，《全国超临界流体技术及应用研讨会论文集》，石家庄：1996
[31] Albfight P. C., Sengers J. V., Nicoll J. F., Ley-Koo M., Int. J. Thermophys. 1986, 7:75
[32] 马友光，马沛生，“临界现象及其临界参数的实验测定方法”，《天然气化工》，1995 (3)：55-59
[33] Horvath A L. Molecular Design. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992
[34] 马沛生，张东明，陈效宁，《石油化工》，1991，24 (4)：233
[35] Angus S., Armstrong B., Dereuck K. M., International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State-3-Carbon Dioxide. Oxford:Pergamon Press, 1976
[36] Bruno T. J., Svoronos P. D. N., Handlbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, Boca Raton:CRC Press, 1989
[37] Peng D. Y., Robinson D. B., Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 1976, 15: 59
[38] 潘光坦译，《气体加工工程数据手册》，北京，石油工业出版社，1984
[39] Anderko A. J., Fluid Phase Equilib, 1990, 61: 145
[40] 汪荣鑫，《数理统计》，西安：西安交通大学出版社，1996
[41] 李炳泉，《桑塔纳轿车使用与维修手册》，北京，机械工业出版社，1995
[2] 徐文渊，“液化石油气(LPG)、压缩天然气(CNG)、液化天然气(LNG)作汽车燃料的现状和发展”，《石油与天然气化工》，1995
[3] Burns Jack M., A Natural Gas Transportation System for Wells With No Pipeline Connection, Pressure Transport Inc., JPT, 1982
[4] 唐晓东，“不能管输天然气的开发利用”，《石油与天然气化工》，1996
[5] 伍永乔，“世界天然气汽车发展现状”，《中国天然气汽车》，2002
[6] 唐晓东，“提高天然气汽车动力性的途径”，《石油与天然气化工》，1998
[7] 唐晓东，“天然气汽车的储气技术”，《石油与天然气化工》，1997
[8] Vaughan Harold E., LNGA Boon to the Natural Gas Industry, Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp., JPT, 1969
[9] 庄永茂，闻望，“车用天然气吸附储存的研究”，《煤气与热力》，1997
[10] 陈进富等，“吸附法储存天然气汽车燃料技术的研究”，《天然气工业》，1999
[11] Cardenas A. R., Lagoven S. A., Pilehvari A. A., Heenan W. A., Is There a Hope for Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG) Vehicles?, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, SPE(35581), 1996
[12] Gudmundsson J. S., U. of Trondheim; Parlaktuna Mahmut, Middle East Technical U.; Khokhar A. A., U. of Trondheim, Storage of Natural Gas as Frozen Hydrate, SPE(24924), 1992
[13] 王颂秋，“多孔性储气库储气压力的探讨”，《煤气与热力》，1996
[14] Katz Donald L., U. of Michigan, Tek M. Rasin, U. of Michigan, Overview on Underground Storage of Natural Gas, JPT, 1981
[15] 温斌，张鹏，王琪，“用于定容储存天然气的活性炭吸附剂的研制”，《北京化工大学学报》，1998
[16] 邹勇，陆绍信，朱亚杰，“活性炭吸附贮存天然气的最佳压力研究”，《石油与天然气化工》，1996
[17] 唐晓东，陈进富，“用作天然吸附贮存的新型活性炭吸附剂的开发研
究”，《炭素》，1997
[18] 肖锦堂，“吸附天然气(ANG)作汽车燃料的开发研究”，《石油与天然气化工》，1994
[19] Gudmundsson J. S., SPE, Production&Facilities, 1994, 2:218
[20] Gudmundsson J. S., Petroleum Review, 1996, 5:232
[21] Gudmundsson J. S., Borrehaug, 2nd International Conference on Natural Gas Hydrate, 1996, 415
[22] 闫光灿，“世界地下储气库”，《天然气与石油》，1997
[23] Coats Keith H., Some Technical and Economic Aspects Of Underground Gas Storage, Esso Production Research CO., JPT, 1966
[24] 张镜澄，《超临界流体萃取》，北京：化学工业出版社，2000
[25] 朱自强，《超临界流体技术—原理和应用》，北京：化学工业出版社，2000
[26] 王利生等，“近临界流体储存车用天然气”，《石油与天然气化工》，1996
[27] Reamer H. H., Duffy C. H., Sage B. H., Methane-n-Pentane-Methane in Liquid Phase, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1956, 48(2):282～284
[28] 邝生鲁，肖稳发，陈芬儿，“应大力发展天然气利用技术”，《现代化工》，2000
[29] 王仁安等，《第二届全国超临界流体技术学术应用研讨会论文集》，广州：1998
[30] 胡云翔，王仁安等，《全国超临界流体技术及应用研讨会论文集》，石家庄：1996
[31] Albfight P. C., Sengers J. V., Nicoll J. F., Ley-Koo M., Int. J. Thermophys. 1986, 7:75
[32] 马友光，马沛生，“临界现象及其临界参数的实验测定方法”，《天然气化工》，1995 (3)：55-59
[33] Horvath A L. Molecular Design. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992
[34] 马沛生，张东明，陈效宁，《石油化工》，1991，24 (4)：233
[35] Angus S., Armstrong B., Dereuck K. M., International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State-3-Carbon Dioxide. Oxford:Pergamon Press, 1976
[36] Bruno T. J., Svoronos P. D. N., Handlbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, Boca Raton:CRC Press, 1989
[37] Peng D. Y., Robinson D. B., Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 1976, 15: 59
[38] 潘光坦译，《气体加工工程数据手册》，北京，石油工业出版社，1984
[39] Anderko A. J., Fluid Phase Equilib, 1990, 61: 145
[40] 汪荣鑫，《数理统计》，西安：西安交通大学出版社，1996
[41] 李炳泉，《桑塔纳轿车使用与维修手册》，北京，机械工业出版社，1995