混气表面活性剂驱实验研究
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摘要
在提高石油采收率的研究中,泡沫以其独特的渗流和驱油性能越来越受到人们的重视。但泡沫体系的起泡能力及泡沫的稳定性往往会受到地层温度、水质矿化度及原油等的影响。论文以起泡剂的发泡能力和半衰期为主要参数,用Waring Blender法对常用的起泡剂进行初选。同样的方法再对初选出的起泡剂进行抗盐、抗温、抗油性能评价之后,优选出一种性能良好的起泡剂TAS,通过对聚合物稳泡效果评价,筛选出了适合油田控水和驱替要求的聚合物稳泡剂CMC,并确定了聚合物泡沫体系0.2%TAS+0.15%CMC;并对非增粘性稳泡剂进行了评价,稳泡效果不理想;与OP系列进行复配,泡沫性能还不如纯的起泡剂的效果好,与其他类型的非离子型表面活性剂复配的工作还有待进一步研究。在氮气泡沫驱替试验中,主要工作是研究了氮气泡沫在多孔介质渗流过程中的影响因素,主要从渗透率、注入速度、压力、气液比等方面进行实验并对结果进行分析。实验结果表明,泡沫质量在50%～75%,对应的气液比为1:1～3:1时,渗流阻力较大;当气液比1:1、注入流速0.6mL/min时,泡沫在多孔介质中的渗流阻力因子随着渗透率的增大而增大,渗透率越大则阻力系数越大,两者之间呈较好的线性。泡沫具有很好的渗透率选择性,并且流度随着渗透率的增大而减小。又研究了氮气泡沫在多孔介质中的稳定性试验,设定气液比2:1,90℃条件下,3根岩心管的阻力因子分别为206.31、213.48和220.58,即岩心管的渗透率为1.1066μm~2～1.1356μm~2时,注入泡沫的压差是注水压差的200倍以上,3根岩心管分别在50天、70天和90天后首次注水的封堵率分别为98.41%、96.81%和91.57%,下降幅度不大,说明泡沫的稳定效果很好。本文的研究不仅丰富了泡沫驱体系和理论,而且具有现场指导意义和实际应用价值。
Of the studies on EOR,foam attracts more and more attentions due to its unique charact -eristics,however,the foaming ability and stability of foam system always are afected by such factors as formation temperature, salinity of water and existence of crude oil.This paper utilizes Waring Blender method to evaluate the performance of foaming agent such assalt-resisting,oil-resisting and temperature-resisting,then screens out one excellent foaming agents TAS.This paper screens out foam stabilizer for polymer CMC applicable for water-control and flooding oil in oil-fields and also determines polymer foam system 0.2%TAS+0.15%CMC by evaluating effect and behaviors of polymer foam stabilizer such as salt-resisting, oil-resisting and temperature-resisting; meanwhile this paper studies the non-viscosifying foam stabilizers were evaluated.The performance of these stabilizers were not satisfying. The performance of combination system of those stabilizers and OP surfactant was worse than that of pure foamer.The main work of core test was to study factors that effect flow of nitrogen foam in porous media.The results show that flow drag was great when foam quality was 50～75% and gas quid ratio was 1:1～3:1. Drag coefficient had a good linear with permeability when gas quid ratio was 1:1 and displacing velocity was 0.6ml/min.The foam has a good permeability -selectivity as velocity decrease with permeability's growth. The stability of Nitrogen foam, in porous media was tested on three cores with permeability ranging between 1.1066μm~2～1.1356μm~2. Drag coefficient of the foam with gas quid ratio of 2:1 in the three cores is 206.31,213.48 and 220.58, respectively, at 90℃. Plugging rate of the first waterflooding after 50, 70 and 90 days was 98.41%, 96.81% and 91.57%, respectively, which shows that the foams is stable.The foam system has been studied enrich the theory of foam flooding and has important practical application value and social benefit
Of the studies on EOR,foam attracts more and more attentions due to its unique charact -eristics,however,the foaming ability and stability of foam system always are afected by such factors as formation temperature, salinity of water and existence of crude oil.This paper utilizes Waring Blender method to evaluate the performance of foaming agent such assalt-resisting,oil-resisting and temperature-resisting,then screens out one excellent foaming agents TAS.This paper screens out foam stabilizer for polymer CMC applicable for water-control and flooding oil in oil-fields and also determines polymer foam system 0.2%TAS+0.15%CMC by evaluating effect and behaviors of polymer foam stabilizer such as salt-resisting, oil-resisting and temperature-resisting; meanwhile this paper studies the non-viscosifying foam stabilizers were evaluated.The performance of these stabilizers were not satisfying. The performance of combination system of those stabilizers and OP surfactant was worse than that of pure foamer.The main work of core test was to study factors that effect flow of nitrogen foam in porous media.The results show that flow drag was great when foam quality was 50～75% and gas quid ratio was 1:1～3:1. Drag coefficient had a good linear with permeability when gas quid ratio was 1:1 and displacing velocity was 0.6ml/min.The foam has a good permeability -selectivity as velocity decrease with permeability's growth. The stability of Nitrogen foam, in porous media was tested on three cores with permeability ranging between 1.1066μm~2～1.1356μm~2. Drag coefficient of the foam with gas quid ratio of 2:1 in the three cores is 206.31,213.48 and 220.58, respectively, at 90℃. Plugging rate of the first waterflooding after 50, 70 and 90 days was 98.41%, 96.81% and 91.57%, respectively, which shows that the foams is stable.The foam system has been studied enrich the theory of foam flooding and has important practical application value and social benefit
引文
[1]赵国玺.表面活性剂物理化学[M] .北京:北京人学出版社, 1984: 23~32
[2]苏玉林.国外表面活性剂驱油配方及其应用专利文集[C].北京:石油工业出社,1999: 36~61
[3] Breen. Polymer compositions for demulsifying crude oil.USP at:6225357,2001
[4]李干佐,房秀敏.表面活性剂在能源和选矿工业中的应用[M] .北京:中国轻工出版社, 2002: 87~100
[5]于会宇.从泡沫复合驱先导性矿场试验中取得的认识[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,4(2):11~20
[6] AIvarezJ.M.Unified Model for Steam-state Foam Behavior at High and Low Foam Qualities,SPE56825
[7]崔波,石文平,戴树高.高粘度稠油开采方法的现状与研究进展[J].石油化工技术济,2000,3(6):5~10.
[8]彭朴.采油用表面活性剂[M] .北京:化学化工出版社, 2003: 19~21
[9]范建玲.高温高盐油藏表面活性剂驱室内研究[D]:南充:西南石油学院,2001
[10]赵国玺.表面活性剂物理化学[M] .北京:北京人学出版社, 1984: 36~37
[11]范建玲.高温高盐油藏表面活性剂驱室内研究[D]:南充:西南石油学院,2001
[12]叶仲斌,魏发林,罗平亚.泡沫增效三元复合驱油体系渗流行为研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2002,24(4):49~52
[13]张卫东.油田化学[M] .北京:北京人学出版社, 1989: 256~258
[14]樊西惊.原油对泡沫稳定性的影响[J].油田化学.1997,14(4):384~388
[15]肖稳发,向兴金.复合型乳化剂泡沫性能研究[J].湖北化工,1999,6(4):13~15
[16]万里平,孟英峰,赵晓东.泡沫流体稳定性机理研究[J].新疆石油学院学报,2003,15(4):70~73
[17]周静,谭永生.稳定泡沫流体的机理[J].石油钻采工艺,1999,22(06):6~12
[18]万里平,孟英峰,赵晓东.泡沫流体稳定性机理研究[J].新疆石油学院学报,2003,15(01):44~52
[19]赵福麟.化学原理(Ⅱ)[M] .东营:石油大学出版社, 1999: 93~97
[20] WassmuthF.R.Screening and Coreflood Testing of Foams to Control Excessive GasProduction in Oil Wells,SPE59283
[21]尚志国.泡沫凝胶选择性堵水剂的研制与应用[J].油田化学,2000,6(7):12~20
[22] SPE/DOE 35356
[23]李治龙,钱武鼎.我国油田泡沫流体应用综述[J].石油钻采工艺,1993.15(6):88~94
[24]“美国和加拿人了石油工业概况”.大庆油田科学研究设计院编,1979年月
[25]周凤山.泡沫性能评价[J].油田化学,1989,6(3):267~271
[26] Warner M.Ljnfield.Anionic Surfactants.Marcel dekke.INC New York,1982
[27]赵晓东.钻井液与完井液[M] .北京:轻工业出版社, 1992: 7~14,23
[28]谢剑耀等.油田化学[M] .北京:北京人学出版社, 1985: 56~63
[29]李宏勋,张义忠,赵玺玉.我国石油工业发展中存在的问题与对策[J].中国工业经济,2000,12(7):35~40.
[30]李干佐,陶诚,顾强.适用于大庆油田的天然混合羧酸盐ASP驱油体系[J].油田学,1999:16(7):35~40
[31]刘方,李玉华,蔡诗琴.石油开采中表面活性剂驱的应用与展望[J].精细与专用化学品,2000,5(7):32~36
[32] [美]M.J希克编.张余善,王多闻等译.阴离子表面活性剂[M] .北京:轻工业出版社, 1983: 55~63
[33]陈宗淇.胶体化学[M] .北京:高等教育出版社, 1984: 37~45
[34]杨承志.化学驱提高石油采收率[M] .北京:石油工业出版社, 1999: 78~88
[35] J .K.Borchardt,D.B.Bright et al. Surfactants for C02 FormFlooding.SPE143944
[36]李伟,池晓难.微生物采油技术[J].国外油气地质信息,1998,66(2):65~68
[37]王载竑,张余善.阴离子表面活性剂[M] .北京:轻工业出版社, 1983: 39~56
[38]赵国玺.表面活性剂物理化学[M] .北京:北京大学出版社, 1984: 231~314
[39]赵国庆.泡沫表观性能研究及在稠油开采中的应用[D]:济南:山东大学,2007
[40]李治龙,钱武鼎.我国油田用泡沫流体综述[J].钻井液与完井液,1994,11(01):12~15
[41]万里平,孟英峰,赵晓东.泡沫流体稳定性机理研究[J].新疆石油学报,2003,15(01):21~23
[42]朱瑶.表面活性剂复配规律[J].日用化学工业,1998,3(4):37~43
[43]邹利红,方云.阴一阳离子表面活性剂复配研究与应用[J].日用化学工业,2001,31(5):37~40
[44] Friedmann, F., Chen, W.H., Gauglitz, P.A. (1991) "Experimental and simulation study of high-temperature foam displacement in porous media" Soc. Petrol. Eng. Res. Eng. 6: 37~45.
[45] Kovscek, A. R. and Radke, C. J. (1994) Fundamentals of foam transport in porous media, In: Schramm, L. L. (ed), Foams in the Petroleum Industry, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, pp. 115~163.
[46] Ettinger, R.E., Radke, C.J. (1992) "Influence of foam texture on steady foam flow in Berea sandstone" Soc. Petrol. Eng. Res. Eng. 7: 83~90.
[47] Krug .J.A and Mitchell.B.J. Charts Help Find Volume, Pressure Needed for Foam Drilling. Oil and Gas, Feb 7.1972
[48] Mitchell B.J . Test Data Fill Theory Gap on Using Foam as a Drilling Fluid. Oil and Gas, Sep 6 1971
[49]寇永强.坨11区块泡沫驱油的室内研究与现场实践[J].油田化学,2005,22(2):55~58
[50] Osterloh,W. T. ,and Jante ,M. J . Effects of Gas and Liquid Veloc2ity on Steady- State Foam Flow at High Temperature.SPE 24179,SPE/ DOE on EOR ,Tulsa,OK,April 22~24,1992
[2]苏玉林.国外表面活性剂驱油配方及其应用专利文集[C].北京:石油工业出社,1999: 36~61
[3] Breen. Polymer compositions for demulsifying crude oil.USP at:6225357,2001
[4]李干佐,房秀敏.表面活性剂在能源和选矿工业中的应用[M] .北京:中国轻工出版社, 2002: 87~100
[5]于会宇.从泡沫复合驱先导性矿场试验中取得的认识[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,4(2):11~20
[6] AIvarezJ.M.Unified Model for Steam-state Foam Behavior at High and Low Foam Qualities,SPE56825
[7]崔波,石文平,戴树高.高粘度稠油开采方法的现状与研究进展[J].石油化工技术济,2000,3(6):5~10.
[8]彭朴.采油用表面活性剂[M] .北京:化学化工出版社, 2003: 19~21
[9]范建玲.高温高盐油藏表面活性剂驱室内研究[D]:南充:西南石油学院,2001
[10]赵国玺.表面活性剂物理化学[M] .北京:北京人学出版社, 1984: 36~37
[11]范建玲.高温高盐油藏表面活性剂驱室内研究[D]:南充:西南石油学院,2001
[12]叶仲斌,魏发林,罗平亚.泡沫增效三元复合驱油体系渗流行为研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2002,24(4):49~52
[13]张卫东.油田化学[M] .北京:北京人学出版社, 1989: 256~258
[14]樊西惊.原油对泡沫稳定性的影响[J].油田化学.1997,14(4):384~388
[15]肖稳发,向兴金.复合型乳化剂泡沫性能研究[J].湖北化工,1999,6(4):13~15
[16]万里平,孟英峰,赵晓东.泡沫流体稳定性机理研究[J].新疆石油学院学报,2003,15(4):70~73
[17]周静,谭永生.稳定泡沫流体的机理[J].石油钻采工艺,1999,22(06):6~12
[18]万里平,孟英峰,赵晓东.泡沫流体稳定性机理研究[J].新疆石油学院学报,2003,15(01):44~52
[19]赵福麟.化学原理(Ⅱ)[M] .东营:石油大学出版社, 1999: 93~97
[20] WassmuthF.R.Screening and Coreflood Testing of Foams to Control Excessive GasProduction in Oil Wells,SPE59283
[21]尚志国.泡沫凝胶选择性堵水剂的研制与应用[J].油田化学,2000,6(7):12~20
[22] SPE/DOE 35356
[23]李治龙,钱武鼎.我国油田泡沫流体应用综述[J].石油钻采工艺,1993.15(6):88~94
[24]“美国和加拿人了石油工业概况”.大庆油田科学研究设计院编,1979年月
[25]周凤山.泡沫性能评价[J].油田化学,1989,6(3):267~271
[26] Warner M.Ljnfield.Anionic Surfactants.Marcel dekke.INC New York,1982
[27]赵晓东.钻井液与完井液[M] .北京:轻工业出版社, 1992: 7~14,23
[28]谢剑耀等.油田化学[M] .北京:北京人学出版社, 1985: 56~63
[29]李宏勋,张义忠,赵玺玉.我国石油工业发展中存在的问题与对策[J].中国工业经济,2000,12(7):35~40.
[30]李干佐,陶诚,顾强.适用于大庆油田的天然混合羧酸盐ASP驱油体系[J].油田学,1999:16(7):35~40
[31]刘方,李玉华,蔡诗琴.石油开采中表面活性剂驱的应用与展望[J].精细与专用化学品,2000,5(7):32~36
[32] [美]M.J希克编.张余善,王多闻等译.阴离子表面活性剂[M] .北京:轻工业出版社, 1983: 55~63
[33]陈宗淇.胶体化学[M] .北京:高等教育出版社, 1984: 37~45
[34]杨承志.化学驱提高石油采收率[M] .北京:石油工业出版社, 1999: 78~88
[35] J .K.Borchardt,D.B.Bright et al. Surfactants for C02 FormFlooding.SPE143944
[36]李伟,池晓难.微生物采油技术[J].国外油气地质信息,1998,66(2):65~68
[37]王载竑,张余善.阴离子表面活性剂[M] .北京:轻工业出版社, 1983: 39~56
[38]赵国玺.表面活性剂物理化学[M] .北京:北京大学出版社, 1984: 231~314
[39]赵国庆.泡沫表观性能研究及在稠油开采中的应用[D]:济南:山东大学,2007
[40]李治龙,钱武鼎.我国油田用泡沫流体综述[J].钻井液与完井液,1994,11(01):12~15
[41]万里平,孟英峰,赵晓东.泡沫流体稳定性机理研究[J].新疆石油学报,2003,15(01):21~23
[42]朱瑶.表面活性剂复配规律[J].日用化学工业,1998,3(4):37~43
[43]邹利红,方云.阴一阳离子表面活性剂复配研究与应用[J].日用化学工业,2001,31(5):37~40
[44] Friedmann, F., Chen, W.H., Gauglitz, P.A. (1991) "Experimental and simulation study of high-temperature foam displacement in porous media" Soc. Petrol. Eng. Res. Eng. 6: 37~45.
[45] Kovscek, A. R. and Radke, C. J. (1994) Fundamentals of foam transport in porous media, In: Schramm, L. L. (ed), Foams in the Petroleum Industry, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, pp. 115~163.
[46] Ettinger, R.E., Radke, C.J. (1992) "Influence of foam texture on steady foam flow in Berea sandstone" Soc. Petrol. Eng. Res. Eng. 7: 83~90.
[47] Krug .J.A and Mitchell.B.J. Charts Help Find Volume, Pressure Needed for Foam Drilling. Oil and Gas, Feb 7.1972
[48] Mitchell B.J . Test Data Fill Theory Gap on Using Foam as a Drilling Fluid. Oil and Gas, Sep 6 1971
[49]寇永强.坨11区块泡沫驱油的室内研究与现场实践[J].油田化学,2005,22(2):55~58
[50] Osterloh,W. T. ,and Jante ,M. J . Effects of Gas and Liquid Veloc2ity on Steady- State Foam Flow at High Temperature.SPE 24179,SPE/ DOE on EOR ,Tulsa,OK,April 22~24,1992
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