底水油藏氮气泡沫流体压水锥技术研究
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摘要
底水油藏在国内外油田中普遍存在,人工夹层、采水消锥等技术在底水油藏开采中都有一定的局限性,应用效果不理想。氮气是一种非凝析气体,压缩系数高,膨胀性强,进入地层后,能及时补充地层能量,增加地层压力。氮气泡沫流体在地层中具有较高的稳定性,流动阻力与水相比大幅提高,可用于封堵水窜通道,氮气泡沫流体压水锥技术具有很高的研究推广价值。
本文采用理论、实验和数值模拟方法,开展了相应的研究工作,主要包括三部分内容:一是氮气泡沫在多孔介质中的稳定性研究,氮气泡沫的稳定性是压水锥的关键,研究结果表明,氮气泡沫在多孔介质中具有良好的稳定性,封堵性能强,在岩心管中封闭保存90天后注水时封堵率为91.7%。二是氮气泡沫压水锥机理研究,推导了曲线水锥的体积表达式,作为氮气泡沫压水锥时泡沫注入量的参考。机理研究表明,在接近油水界面处,高压、大排量注入氮气泡沫可以弥补近井带压力亏空,压迫水锥下移,由于氮气的弹性能量、气泡的贾敏效应以及氮气泡沫的选择性封堵作用,氮气泡沫可以有效地封堵底水上窜通道,减缓底水锥进。三是运用数值模拟方法,对氮气泡沫压水锥的注入时机、注入速度、注入量、关井时间、开井后生产液量、垂直/水平渗透率比值和夹层位置等敏感性因素进行计算分析,得出了以上因素影响氮气泡沫压水锥增油效果的规律。
通过胜利乐安油田3口热采井的现场试验结果可知,压水锥以后,产油量和上一周期相比有较大幅度增加,含水率降低或保持平稳,氮气泡沫压水锥降水增油效果明显。
There is bottom water reservoir in the oil field of every country. Thetechnology of artificial interbed and recovering water to remove the waterconing is restricted with unideal effect. The nitrogen can supply theproducing energyand increase the reservoir pressure with its non-condensatehigh compressibility and dilatabilityafter its entering into the formation. Thenitrogen foam can be used to seal the channel with its high stabilityand highflow resistance compared to water, so the technology is worth to study andintroduce.
The research was done using theory, experiment and numericalsimulation including three parts: one is the study on the stability of nitrogenfoam in porous media, and it is critical to the pushing. It demonstrated thatthe stabilityand sealing characteristics are good and ratio of sealingis 91.7%after canningin thebarrel for90days. Thesecond is thestudyof mechanismfor the pushing. The volume expression was derived as the reference for thevolume of injecting while pushing the water by nitrogen foam. It indicatesthatthenitrogenfoam couldretrievepressuredepletionofimmediatevicinityofwellboreandrepressthewaterconingwithhighpressureanddisplacementneartheoil/water interface. It also couldseal offthechannel of bottom waterand slow down the coning as a result of the elastic energy of nitrogen and Jamin action of foam and the selective blockage of nitrogen foam. The thirdis the computational analysis of sensible factor using numerical simulation,including the injecting time, velocity and volume, the close time, the liquidproducing capacity after opening the well, the ratio between verticalpermeability and horizontal permeability and the position of interbed etc. Allthe law of the effect of increasing oil using nitrogen foam to push the waterconingwasobtainedinthispaper.
By means of site test in the three thermal wells in Shengli Le-an field,it could be known that the crude output increased significantly compared tothe last production cycle, water ratio decreased or keep stability and therewas a good effect of decreasing the water and increasing the oil by pushingwatercorningwithnitrogenfoam.
本文采用理论、实验和数值模拟方法,开展了相应的研究工作,主要包括三部分内容:一是氮气泡沫在多孔介质中的稳定性研究,氮气泡沫的稳定性是压水锥的关键,研究结果表明,氮气泡沫在多孔介质中具有良好的稳定性,封堵性能强,在岩心管中封闭保存90天后注水时封堵率为91.7%。二是氮气泡沫压水锥机理研究,推导了曲线水锥的体积表达式,作为氮气泡沫压水锥时泡沫注入量的参考。机理研究表明,在接近油水界面处,高压、大排量注入氮气泡沫可以弥补近井带压力亏空,压迫水锥下移,由于氮气的弹性能量、气泡的贾敏效应以及氮气泡沫的选择性封堵作用,氮气泡沫可以有效地封堵底水上窜通道,减缓底水锥进。三是运用数值模拟方法,对氮气泡沫压水锥的注入时机、注入速度、注入量、关井时间、开井后生产液量、垂直/水平渗透率比值和夹层位置等敏感性因素进行计算分析,得出了以上因素影响氮气泡沫压水锥增油效果的规律。
通过胜利乐安油田3口热采井的现场试验结果可知,压水锥以后,产油量和上一周期相比有较大幅度增加,含水率降低或保持平稳,氮气泡沫压水锥降水增油效果明显。
There is bottom water reservoir in the oil field of every country. Thetechnology of artificial interbed and recovering water to remove the waterconing is restricted with unideal effect. The nitrogen can supply theproducing energyand increase the reservoir pressure with its non-condensatehigh compressibility and dilatabilityafter its entering into the formation. Thenitrogen foam can be used to seal the channel with its high stabilityand highflow resistance compared to water, so the technology is worth to study andintroduce.
The research was done using theory, experiment and numericalsimulation including three parts: one is the study on the stability of nitrogenfoam in porous media, and it is critical to the pushing. It demonstrated thatthe stabilityand sealing characteristics are good and ratio of sealingis 91.7%after canningin thebarrel for90days. Thesecond is thestudyof mechanismfor the pushing. The volume expression was derived as the reference for thevolume of injecting while pushing the water by nitrogen foam. It indicatesthatthenitrogenfoam couldretrievepressuredepletionofimmediatevicinityofwellboreandrepressthewaterconingwithhighpressureanddisplacementneartheoil/water interface. It also couldseal offthechannel of bottom waterand slow down the coning as a result of the elastic energy of nitrogen and Jamin action of foam and the selective blockage of nitrogen foam. The thirdis the computational analysis of sensible factor using numerical simulation,including the injecting time, velocity and volume, the close time, the liquidproducing capacity after opening the well, the ratio between verticalpermeability and horizontal permeability and the position of interbed etc. Allthe law of the effect of increasing oil using nitrogen foam to push the waterconingwasobtainedinthispaper.
By means of site test in the three thermal wells in Shengli Le-an field,it could be known that the crude output increased significantly compared tothe last production cycle, water ratio decreased or keep stability and therewas a good effect of decreasing the water and increasing the oil by pushingwatercorningwithnitrogenfoam.
引文
[1] 范凤英,韩炜,郭东华等.化学凝胶隔板阻断底水锥进矿场试验.钻采工艺,2003;26(4):86-89
[2] 张兴国,田世澄,陈丛林等.人工夹层的抑制水锥作用的研究.现代地质,2002;16(1):83-87
[3] 赵力国,顾小勇.双层完井、油水同时分采抑制底水锥进.油气采收率技术,1996;6(2):76-80
[4] 朱中谦,宋文杰.提高砂岩底水油藏原油采收率的新方法.新疆石油地质,2001;22(2):144-147
[5] 尚志国,苏国,董玉杰.泡沫凝胶选择性堵水剂的研制与应用.钻采工艺,2000;23(1):70-71
[6] 宋育贤.泡沫流体在油田的应用.国外油田工程,1997年1月:5-17
[7] 付继彤,张莉,尹德江等.强化泡沫的封堵调剖及现场试验.油气地质与采收率,2005;12(5):47-49
[8] 孙庆宇,李雪梅,汪竹等.乐安油田草古1潜山油藏底水治理及研究.石油钻探技术,2004;32(5):57-58
[9] 杨元亮,沈国华,宋文芳等.注氮气控制稠油油藏底水水锥技术.油气地质与采收率,2002;9(3):83-87
[10] 申友青,孟庆春,宋富霞等.雁翎油田注氮气提高采收率现场试验.石油学报,1998;19(4):61-69
[11] 葛东文,马春波,刘东菊.蒸汽加氮气泡沫剂控制水锥治理底水技术.内蒙古石油化工,2006;25(5):34-35
[12] 叶仲斌,魏发林,罗平亚等.泡沫增效三元复合驱油体系渗流行为研究.西南石油学院学报,2002;24(4):49-52
[13] 樊西惊.原油对泡沫稳定性的影响.油田化学,1997;14(4):384-388.
[14] 肖稳发,向兴金.复合型乳化剂泡沫性能研究.湖北化工,1999;6(2):13-15
[15] 万里平,孟英峰,赵晓东.泡沫流体稳定性机理研究.新疆石油学院学报,2003;15(1):70-73
[16] 王其伟,曹绪龙,周国华等.泡沫封堵能力试验研究.西南石油学院学报,2003;25(6):40-43
[17] 王其伟,郭平,周国华等.泡沫体系封堵性能影响因素实验研究.特种油气藏,2003;10(3):79-83
[18] 朱圣举.低渗透无隔板底水油藏油井见水时间预测.新疆石油地质,2001;22(2):153-155
[19] 李传亮.水锥形状分析.新疆石油地质,2002;23(1):74-75
[20] 李传亮,杨学锋.底水油藏的压锥效果分析.大庆石油地质与开发,2006;25(5):45-49
[21] 侯君,程林松.常规底水油藏水锥高度计算方法研究.西安石油大学学报,2006;21(3):23-26
[22] 朱中谦,程林松.砂岩油藏高含水期底水锥进的几个动态问题.新疆石油地质,2001;22(3):235-238
[23] 韦建伟,罗锋,唐人选.关于开采底水油藏几个重要参数的确定.大庆石油地质与开发,2003;22(5):25-28
[24] 喻高明,凌建军,蒋明煊.砂岩底水油藏底水锥进影响因素研究.江汉石油学院学报,1996;18(3):59-62
[25] 孙洪军.深层边底水超稠油油藏开采特征研究.特种油气藏,2003;10(4):35-38
[26] 窦宏恩.水平井开采底水油藏的消锥工艺及证明.石油钻采工艺,1998;20(3):56-62
[27] 程浩,郎兆新.泡沫驱中的毛管窜流及其数值模拟.重庆大学学报,2000;23:161-165
[28] 陈国,廖广志,牛金刚.多孔介质中泡沫流动等效数学模型.大庆石油地质与开发,2001;20(2):72-75
[29] 程浩,张文亮,贺艳梅.泡沫驱数值模拟进展.断块油气田,2000;7(5):26-30
[30]Marfoe,C.H.etal.NumericalSimulationofFoamFlowinPorousMedia.SPE16709,1987
[31]IslamM.R.NumericalSimulatonofFoamFlowinPorousMedia.J.Can.Pet.Tech.1990,29(4),47-51
[32]Francolsfriedmann.ExperimentalandSimulationStudyofHigh-TemperatureFoamDisplacementinPorousMedia.SPE17357,1991:37-45
[33]G.S,Kular,K.LoweandD.Cmmbe.ComputerModellingGroupFoamApplicationinanOilSandsSteamfloodProcess .SPE19690,1999:619-633
[34]Kovscek,A.R.SimulationofFoamTransportinPorousMedia. SPE26402,1993
[35]Kovscek,A.R.MechanisticPredictionofFoamDisplacementofMultidimensions:APopulationBalanceApproach.SPE/DOE27789,1994:71-83
[36]KovscekAnthony.MechanisticFoamFlowSimulationinHeterogeneousandMultidimensionalPorousMedia.SPE39102,1997:173-184
[37]Fisher,A.W.etal.MathematicalModelingofFoamFlooding.SPE20195,1990
[38]O.Fergui,H.Bertinetal.TransientAqueousFoamFlowinPorousMedia:ExperimentsandModeling.JournalofPetroleumScienceandEngineering,20(1998)9-29
[39]Chang,S-H, Grigg,ReidB.FoamDisplacementModelinginCO2FloodingProcesses.SPE35401,1996
[40] 徐义卫.夹层对底水油气藏开采影响的数值模拟研究.江汉石油学院学报,2004;26(1):78-79
[41] 牛宝荣,纪常杰.水平井底水锥进实验和数值模拟.国外油田工程,1996年6月:18-23
[42] 曹建坤,杨生柱,张宏强等.底水油藏堵水技术研究.石油勘探与开发,2002;29(5):80-82
[43] 王佩华.泡沫堵水调剖技术综述.钻采工艺,2000;23(2):60-62
[44] 生如岩,马瑞国.影响砂岩底水气藏开发动态的因素研究.海洋石油,2005;25(4):61-65
[2] 张兴国,田世澄,陈丛林等.人工夹层的抑制水锥作用的研究.现代地质,2002;16(1):83-87
[3] 赵力国,顾小勇.双层完井、油水同时分采抑制底水锥进.油气采收率技术,1996;6(2):76-80
[4] 朱中谦,宋文杰.提高砂岩底水油藏原油采收率的新方法.新疆石油地质,2001;22(2):144-147
[5] 尚志国,苏国,董玉杰.泡沫凝胶选择性堵水剂的研制与应用.钻采工艺,2000;23(1):70-71
[6] 宋育贤.泡沫流体在油田的应用.国外油田工程,1997年1月:5-17
[7] 付继彤,张莉,尹德江等.强化泡沫的封堵调剖及现场试验.油气地质与采收率,2005;12(5):47-49
[8] 孙庆宇,李雪梅,汪竹等.乐安油田草古1潜山油藏底水治理及研究.石油钻探技术,2004;32(5):57-58
[9] 杨元亮,沈国华,宋文芳等.注氮气控制稠油油藏底水水锥技术.油气地质与采收率,2002;9(3):83-87
[10] 申友青,孟庆春,宋富霞等.雁翎油田注氮气提高采收率现场试验.石油学报,1998;19(4):61-69
[11] 葛东文,马春波,刘东菊.蒸汽加氮气泡沫剂控制水锥治理底水技术.内蒙古石油化工,2006;25(5):34-35
[12] 叶仲斌,魏发林,罗平亚等.泡沫增效三元复合驱油体系渗流行为研究.西南石油学院学报,2002;24(4):49-52
[13] 樊西惊.原油对泡沫稳定性的影响.油田化学,1997;14(4):384-388.
[14] 肖稳发,向兴金.复合型乳化剂泡沫性能研究.湖北化工,1999;6(2):13-15
[15] 万里平,孟英峰,赵晓东.泡沫流体稳定性机理研究.新疆石油学院学报,2003;15(1):70-73
[16] 王其伟,曹绪龙,周国华等.泡沫封堵能力试验研究.西南石油学院学报,2003;25(6):40-43
[17] 王其伟,郭平,周国华等.泡沫体系封堵性能影响因素实验研究.特种油气藏,2003;10(3):79-83
[18] 朱圣举.低渗透无隔板底水油藏油井见水时间预测.新疆石油地质,2001;22(2):153-155
[19] 李传亮.水锥形状分析.新疆石油地质,2002;23(1):74-75
[20] 李传亮,杨学锋.底水油藏的压锥效果分析.大庆石油地质与开发,2006;25(5):45-49
[21] 侯君,程林松.常规底水油藏水锥高度计算方法研究.西安石油大学学报,2006;21(3):23-26
[22] 朱中谦,程林松.砂岩油藏高含水期底水锥进的几个动态问题.新疆石油地质,2001;22(3):235-238
[23] 韦建伟,罗锋,唐人选.关于开采底水油藏几个重要参数的确定.大庆石油地质与开发,2003;22(5):25-28
[24] 喻高明,凌建军,蒋明煊.砂岩底水油藏底水锥进影响因素研究.江汉石油学院学报,1996;18(3):59-62
[25] 孙洪军.深层边底水超稠油油藏开采特征研究.特种油气藏,2003;10(4):35-38
[26] 窦宏恩.水平井开采底水油藏的消锥工艺及证明.石油钻采工艺,1998;20(3):56-62
[27] 程浩,郎兆新.泡沫驱中的毛管窜流及其数值模拟.重庆大学学报,2000;23:161-165
[28] 陈国,廖广志,牛金刚.多孔介质中泡沫流动等效数学模型.大庆石油地质与开发,2001;20(2):72-75
[29] 程浩,张文亮,贺艳梅.泡沫驱数值模拟进展.断块油气田,2000;7(5):26-30
[30]Marfoe,C.H.etal.NumericalSimulationofFoamFlowinPorousMedia.SPE16709,1987
[31]IslamM.R.NumericalSimulatonofFoamFlowinPorousMedia.J.Can.Pet.Tech.1990,29(4),47-51
[32]Francolsfriedmann.ExperimentalandSimulationStudyofHigh-TemperatureFoamDisplacementinPorousMedia.SPE17357,1991:37-45
[33]G.S,Kular,K.LoweandD.Cmmbe.ComputerModellingGroupFoamApplicationinanOilSandsSteamfloodProcess .SPE19690,1999:619-633
[34]Kovscek,A.R.SimulationofFoamTransportinPorousMedia. SPE26402,1993
[35]Kovscek,A.R.MechanisticPredictionofFoamDisplacementofMultidimensions:APopulationBalanceApproach.SPE/DOE27789,1994:71-83
[36]KovscekAnthony.MechanisticFoamFlowSimulationinHeterogeneousandMultidimensionalPorousMedia.SPE39102,1997:173-184
[37]Fisher,A.W.etal.MathematicalModelingofFoamFlooding.SPE20195,1990
[38]O.Fergui,H.Bertinetal.TransientAqueousFoamFlowinPorousMedia:ExperimentsandModeling.JournalofPetroleumScienceandEngineering,20(1998)9-29
[39]Chang,S-H, Grigg,ReidB.FoamDisplacementModelinginCO2FloodingProcesses.SPE35401,1996
[40] 徐义卫.夹层对底水油气藏开采影响的数值模拟研究.江汉石油学院学报,2004;26(1):78-79
[41] 牛宝荣,纪常杰.水平井底水锥进实验和数值模拟.国外油田工程,1996年6月:18-23
[42] 曹建坤,杨生柱,张宏强等.底水油藏堵水技术研究.石油勘探与开发,2002;29(5):80-82
[43] 王佩华.泡沫堵水调剖技术综述.钻采工艺,2000;23(2):60-62
[44] 生如岩,马瑞国.影响砂岩底水气藏开发动态的因素研究.海洋石油,2005;25(4):61-65
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