梯度多孔Ti-Mg基生物复合材料的制备与性能研究
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摘要
硬组织材料是生物材料的重要分支。目前,人体植入用钛合金的弹性模量仍远高于人骨,引入孔隙可以降低钛合金的弹性模量,且生物组织易长入多孔结构中,但钛合金的力学性能会随着孔隙的引入而急剧降低。本文根据生物医用钛合金开发的现状和存在的问题开展了梯度多孔Ti-Mg基复合材料的研究工作。
用碳酸氢铵为造孔剂通过粉末冶金工艺制备出了多孔Ti-Mg基复合材料,并通过调整每一层中造孔剂的含量制备出与人体骨骼结构相似的梯度多孔Ti-Mg基复合材料。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、力学试验机、X射线衍射仪等设备对该复合材料的结构与性能进行了表征。
研究表明,随着造孔剂含量的增加,多孔Ti-Mg基复合材料的孔径、孔隙率和开孔隙率迅速增大,而强度和模量呈线性降低。当造孔剂添加量为25mass%时,其孔隙率超过50%。造孔剂含量相同(25mass%)时,随着造孔剂粒径的增加,多孔Ti-Mg基复合材料的开孔隙率呈线性升高,强度和模量呈线性降低。随着Zr含量从1mass%增加到30mass%,复合材料的强度和模量先升高,而后趋于稳定,含Zr复合材料中最佳Zr含量为10mass%。与实际骨骼结构相似的梯度试样,随着梯度层数的增加,试样的强度和模量先升高后降低,其中五层梯度多孔试样的弯曲与压缩强度和模量最高,为168.28MPa和2.24GPa与105.14MPa和2.43GPa,心部层开孔隙率超过90%。与实际骨骼孔隙结构相反的梯度弯曲试样,其弯曲强度和模量低于均匀孔隙试样。经模拟体液浸泡的五层梯度多孔弯曲试样表面会沉积白色物质并长出草叶状物质。随着浸泡时间的延长,梯度试样的弯曲力学性能先下降后趋于稳定。
Hard tissue material is an important branch of bio-materials. The Yang’s modules of titanium alloys used for implants of human bones are much higher than those of natural bones. The introduction of pores in titanium alloys can decrease the Yang’s module, and the porous microstructure benefits for biological tissue to grow into. However, the mechanical properties of titanium alloys degrade intensively. Based on the problems mentioned, the fabrication and properties of gradient porous Ti-Mg matrix composites were studied in this work.
The porous Ti-Mg matrix composites were prepared by powder metallurgy using NH4HCO3 as pore former. The gradient porous Ti-Mg matrix composites with similar structure to the natural bones were fabricated by controlling the pore content in every layer of the structure. The microstructures and the mechanical properties of the composites were characterized respectively by means of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), mechanical testing machine and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
The results showed that the pore diameter, porosity and open porosity of Ti-Mg matrix composites increased with the increasement of pore former, while the strength and Yang’s modulus linearly decreased. The porosity of Ti-Mg matrix composites reached over 50% when the added content of pore former was 25mass%. It was found that the open porosity of Ti-Mg matrix composites linearly increased with the particle size of pore former, leading to the linear decrease of their strength and Yang’s modulus. With the addition of Zr from 1mass% to 30mass%, the strength and Yang’s modulus of porous Ti-Mg matrix composites raised at fist, and subsequently tended to stability, in which the optimum proportion of Zr was 10mass%. The strength and modulus of the composites owning the similar structure to natural bones increased up to a maxium value with the initial increased of the number of gradient layers and then decreased with a further increased. The porous Ti-Mg matrix composites of five gradient layers possessed the maximum flexural and compression strength and Yang’s modulus of 168.28MPa, 2.24GPa and 105.14MPa, 2.43GPa, respectively. The open porosity of the inner layer was higher than 90%. The gradient porous Ti-Mg matrix composites with opposite structures to natural bones had less flexural strength and modulus than uniform porous samples. When the gradient porous Ti-Mg matrix composites immersed in the SBF, the white and grass-like substance can be found on the surface. The flexural strength and Yang’s modulus of the samples were reduced, and then ultimately tended to be stable by the immersing time prolonged.
用碳酸氢铵为造孔剂通过粉末冶金工艺制备出了多孔Ti-Mg基复合材料,并通过调整每一层中造孔剂的含量制备出与人体骨骼结构相似的梯度多孔Ti-Mg基复合材料。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、力学试验机、X射线衍射仪等设备对该复合材料的结构与性能进行了表征。
研究表明,随着造孔剂含量的增加,多孔Ti-Mg基复合材料的孔径、孔隙率和开孔隙率迅速增大,而强度和模量呈线性降低。当造孔剂添加量为25mass%时,其孔隙率超过50%。造孔剂含量相同(25mass%)时,随着造孔剂粒径的增加,多孔Ti-Mg基复合材料的开孔隙率呈线性升高,强度和模量呈线性降低。随着Zr含量从1mass%增加到30mass%,复合材料的强度和模量先升高,而后趋于稳定,含Zr复合材料中最佳Zr含量为10mass%。与实际骨骼结构相似的梯度试样,随着梯度层数的增加,试样的强度和模量先升高后降低,其中五层梯度多孔试样的弯曲与压缩强度和模量最高,为168.28MPa和2.24GPa与105.14MPa和2.43GPa,心部层开孔隙率超过90%。与实际骨骼孔隙结构相反的梯度弯曲试样,其弯曲强度和模量低于均匀孔隙试样。经模拟体液浸泡的五层梯度多孔弯曲试样表面会沉积白色物质并长出草叶状物质。随着浸泡时间的延长,梯度试样的弯曲力学性能先下降后趋于稳定。
Hard tissue material is an important branch of bio-materials. The Yang’s modules of titanium alloys used for implants of human bones are much higher than those of natural bones. The introduction of pores in titanium alloys can decrease the Yang’s module, and the porous microstructure benefits for biological tissue to grow into. However, the mechanical properties of titanium alloys degrade intensively. Based on the problems mentioned, the fabrication and properties of gradient porous Ti-Mg matrix composites were studied in this work.
The porous Ti-Mg matrix composites were prepared by powder metallurgy using NH4HCO3 as pore former. The gradient porous Ti-Mg matrix composites with similar structure to the natural bones were fabricated by controlling the pore content in every layer of the structure. The microstructures and the mechanical properties of the composites were characterized respectively by means of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), mechanical testing machine and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
The results showed that the pore diameter, porosity and open porosity of Ti-Mg matrix composites increased with the increasement of pore former, while the strength and Yang’s modulus linearly decreased. The porosity of Ti-Mg matrix composites reached over 50% when the added content of pore former was 25mass%. It was found that the open porosity of Ti-Mg matrix composites linearly increased with the particle size of pore former, leading to the linear decrease of their strength and Yang’s modulus. With the addition of Zr from 1mass% to 30mass%, the strength and Yang’s modulus of porous Ti-Mg matrix composites raised at fist, and subsequently tended to stability, in which the optimum proportion of Zr was 10mass%. The strength and modulus of the composites owning the similar structure to natural bones increased up to a maxium value with the initial increased of the number of gradient layers and then decreased with a further increased. The porous Ti-Mg matrix composites of five gradient layers possessed the maximum flexural and compression strength and Yang’s modulus of 168.28MPa, 2.24GPa and 105.14MPa, 2.43GPa, respectively. The open porosity of the inner layer was higher than 90%. The gradient porous Ti-Mg matrix composites with opposite structures to natural bones had less flexural strength and modulus than uniform porous samples. When the gradient porous Ti-Mg matrix composites immersed in the SBF, the white and grass-like substance can be found on the surface. The flexural strength and Yang’s modulus of the samples were reduced, and then ultimately tended to be stable by the immersing time prolonged.
引文
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