快速应急作业系统研究
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摘要
快速应急作业系统是一种海洋应急装卸系统,是针对紧急情况下,建立一个临时港口,供船舶停靠装卸,将人员,物资等转移至陆上。要满足货物装卸,人员转移的要求。系统要求满足应急性,即要求在短时间(如24小时)内安装完成。系统设施要求能满足较大吨位(如10000吨级)滚装船的靠泊和装卸,能装卸和通行大型车辆(如50吨级履带车)。在指定的环境条件下,整套系统要满足结构强度、漂浮稳性和稳定性要求。
目前国内外大都采用将浮箱连接为浮码头作为海洋应急装卸系统的临时码头,但是用浮箱连接成浮码头作为系统临时码头在波浪中运动较大,不利于船舶的停靠、卸载,而且浮式通道在波浪中容易发生横移,难以保持通道在一条直线上,不利于车辆的通行。
本文针对既定的环境条件和系统的作业要求,提出三种应急装卸系统的总布置方案,深入分析了三种总布置方案的优缺点,比较选优后,确定了系统的总布置型式。提出了两种结构型式方案,第一种方案是使用海洋活动平台作为应急装卸系统的结构主体型式,系统的码头平台采用自升式平台,栈桥采用自升式和坐底式平台相结合。第二种方案是采用集装箱刚性连接构成单元,各单元间再通过柔性连接成浮码头和栈桥。本文给出了两种结构方案的各部分结构的尺寸以及安装过程,通过研究两种方案的优缺点,确定第一种方案为系统结构型式方案。
此外,分析了三种平台所受的荷载,计算了自升式码头平台工作所受的环境荷载和船舶靠泊荷载,由于自升式栈桥平台和坐底式栈桥平台不存在船舶荷载,仅考虑了平台的环境荷载。用有限元软件ANSYS校核了平台的结构强度,对各部分平台的安装时的漂浮稳性和工作状态时的着底稳定性分别进行了研究。结果证实,在指定的环境条件下,整套系统可满足安装快速性要求,而且也能满足结构强度要求和稳定性要求。
Fast Emergency Task System is a kind of offshore emergency system for load andunload. In urgent situation, we need to found a temporary harbor, supplying a placefor ships to anchor and offloading, transferring people and materials to the land.Firstly,it must satisfy the requirements for cargo offload and people transportation,the equipments of this system need to support relatively big tonnage( 10000t eg.) rollloading vessels, and can be used as passage for large-size automobiles(50t caterpillareg.). Secondly, it need to be installed in a short time (in 24 hours, eg.). Thirdly, thewhole system must satisfy the required structural strength and stability in specificenvironment.
By now, most projects in the world used buoyancy cans to assemble temporarydock for the offshore emergency offload system, but this kind of floating docks havelarge motions in sea waves, and always can not satisfy the requirements for ships tostay and work. Transverse drift motion always occurs to the floating passage in waves,the passage can not keep in a straight line, so made it difficult for the vehicles to passthrough it.
Refer to the environment and work requirements, this article bring out three kindsof layout design for the emergency task system. After the comparison between eachdesign, choose the best layout design. Then bring out two kinds of structural design,the first plan uses the offshore floating platform as the major part of the emergencytask system, a self-lift platform is used as the temporary dock, the trestle is acombination of self-lifting and bottom-seated platforms. The second plan uses rigidjoined containers to be unit, and flexible connection is used between each unit tofound dock and trestle. This article gives the structural data and the installationmethods of the two structural design, after comparison, decided the first plan is better.
This article carries out load analysis on three kinds of platform, computed theenvironmental load and vessel anchor load for the self-lift dock platform, andcomputed the environmental load of the self-lift trestle platform and bottom-seatedtrestle platform. Collated the structural strength for the platform use FEM softwareANSYS, also do some research in the stability of the platform in installation and workstage. After analysis, each part of the platform can well satisfy the requirements offast offloading and the requirements of structural strength and stability.
目前国内外大都采用将浮箱连接为浮码头作为海洋应急装卸系统的临时码头,但是用浮箱连接成浮码头作为系统临时码头在波浪中运动较大,不利于船舶的停靠、卸载,而且浮式通道在波浪中容易发生横移,难以保持通道在一条直线上,不利于车辆的通行。
本文针对既定的环境条件和系统的作业要求,提出三种应急装卸系统的总布置方案,深入分析了三种总布置方案的优缺点,比较选优后,确定了系统的总布置型式。提出了两种结构型式方案,第一种方案是使用海洋活动平台作为应急装卸系统的结构主体型式,系统的码头平台采用自升式平台,栈桥采用自升式和坐底式平台相结合。第二种方案是采用集装箱刚性连接构成单元,各单元间再通过柔性连接成浮码头和栈桥。本文给出了两种结构方案的各部分结构的尺寸以及安装过程,通过研究两种方案的优缺点,确定第一种方案为系统结构型式方案。
此外,分析了三种平台所受的荷载,计算了自升式码头平台工作所受的环境荷载和船舶靠泊荷载,由于自升式栈桥平台和坐底式栈桥平台不存在船舶荷载,仅考虑了平台的环境荷载。用有限元软件ANSYS校核了平台的结构强度,对各部分平台的安装时的漂浮稳性和工作状态时的着底稳定性分别进行了研究。结果证实,在指定的环境条件下,整套系统可满足安装快速性要求,而且也能满足结构强度要求和稳定性要求。
Fast Emergency Task System is a kind of offshore emergency system for load andunload. In urgent situation, we need to found a temporary harbor, supplying a placefor ships to anchor and offloading, transferring people and materials to the land.Firstly,it must satisfy the requirements for cargo offload and people transportation,the equipments of this system need to support relatively big tonnage( 10000t eg.) rollloading vessels, and can be used as passage for large-size automobiles(50t caterpillareg.). Secondly, it need to be installed in a short time (in 24 hours, eg.). Thirdly, thewhole system must satisfy the required structural strength and stability in specificenvironment.
By now, most projects in the world used buoyancy cans to assemble temporarydock for the offshore emergency offload system, but this kind of floating docks havelarge motions in sea waves, and always can not satisfy the requirements for ships tostay and work. Transverse drift motion always occurs to the floating passage in waves,the passage can not keep in a straight line, so made it difficult for the vehicles to passthrough it.
Refer to the environment and work requirements, this article bring out three kindsof layout design for the emergency task system. After the comparison between eachdesign, choose the best layout design. Then bring out two kinds of structural design,the first plan uses the offshore floating platform as the major part of the emergencytask system, a self-lift platform is used as the temporary dock, the trestle is acombination of self-lifting and bottom-seated platforms. The second plan uses rigidjoined containers to be unit, and flexible connection is used between each unit tofound dock and trestle. This article gives the structural data and the installationmethods of the two structural design, after comparison, decided the first plan is better.
This article carries out load analysis on three kinds of platform, computed theenvironmental load and vessel anchor load for the self-lift dock platform, andcomputed the environmental load of the self-lift trestle platform and bottom-seatedtrestle platform. Collated the structural strength for the platform use FEM softwareANSYS, also do some research in the stability of the platform in installation and workstage. After analysis, each part of the platform can well satisfy the requirements offast offloading and the requirements of structural strength and stability.
引文
[4] R Mcallister.Mobile offshore bases-an overview of recent research [A].International workshop on very large flouting structure [C].1996
[5] S Derstine,Richard T Brown.A compliant connector concept for the mobile offshore base [A].Proceeding of the Tird international Workshop on Very Large Floating structure [C].1999,641-650
[6] 余澜,移动式海上基地连接器研究现状与发展,海洋工程,2003.21
[7] 机动港研究报告(内部资料),天津大学建工学院海洋工程系,2003.4
[8] 洪承礼,港口规划与布置,北京:人民交通出版社,1988
[9] 杨玉祥,滚装船及滚装码头布置的初步探讨,港工技术,1990
[10] 港口工程技术规范,中华人民共和国交通部,1999
[11] 刘涛 杨凤鹏,精通 ANSYS,北京,清华大学出版社,2003.5
[12] 刘春凤,有限元与边界元耦合法分析及其在波浪力计算中的应用:[硕士学位论文],天津,天津大学,2002
[13] Moaveni,Finite Element Analysis-Theory and Application with ANSYS,北京,电子工业出版社 2003,6
[14] J D.Method of Calculating Forces Produced by Irregular Waves [j].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1970,22
[15] Skjelbreia L,Hendrickson J A.Fifth Order Gravity Wave Theory,Proceedings,Seventh Conference Of coastal Engineering,Ch.10,pp.184-196(1961)
[16] Dean R G.Evaluation and Development of Water Wave Theories for Engineering Application,prepared for U.s Army Corp of Engineers,Costal Engineering Research center,(novembed 1974)
[1] 任贵永,海洋活动式平台,天津:天津大学出版社,1989
[2]郑治国,模块化浮码头技术方案的探讨,舰船科学技术,2003.25
[3] Robert Zuech,Paul Robert Taylor,Mobile offshore base:Research Spini-Offs Proc.ofthe Keith Mark Saeed Wheeler9th offshore and polar engineering conference Brest,France, May 30-june 4,1999
[17] 中国船级社。海上移动平台入级与建造规范[S].人民交通出版社,1992
[18] 盛振邦,船舶静力学,上海:上海交通大学出版社,1984
[5] S Derstine,Richard T Brown.A compliant connector concept for the mobile offshore base [A].Proceeding of the Tird international Workshop on Very Large Floating structure [C].1999,641-650
[6] 余澜,移动式海上基地连接器研究现状与发展,海洋工程,2003.21
[7] 机动港研究报告(内部资料),天津大学建工学院海洋工程系,2003.4
[8] 洪承礼,港口规划与布置,北京:人民交通出版社,1988
[9] 杨玉祥,滚装船及滚装码头布置的初步探讨,港工技术,1990
[10] 港口工程技术规范,中华人民共和国交通部,1999
[11] 刘涛 杨凤鹏,精通 ANSYS,北京,清华大学出版社,2003.5
[12] 刘春凤,有限元与边界元耦合法分析及其在波浪力计算中的应用:[硕士学位论文],天津,天津大学,2002
[13] Moaveni,Finite Element Analysis-Theory and Application with ANSYS,北京,电子工业出版社 2003,6
[14] J D.Method of Calculating Forces Produced by Irregular Waves [j].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1970,22
[15] Skjelbreia L,Hendrickson J A.Fifth Order Gravity Wave Theory,Proceedings,Seventh Conference Of coastal Engineering,Ch.10,pp.184-196(1961)
[16] Dean R G.Evaluation and Development of Water Wave Theories for Engineering Application,prepared for U.s Army Corp of Engineers,Costal Engineering Research center,(novembed 1974)
[1] 任贵永,海洋活动式平台,天津:天津大学出版社,1989
[2]郑治国,模块化浮码头技术方案的探讨,舰船科学技术,2003.25
[3] Robert Zuech,Paul Robert Taylor,Mobile offshore base:Research Spini-Offs Proc.ofthe Keith Mark Saeed Wheeler9th offshore and polar engineering conference Brest,France, May 30-june 4,1999
[17] 中国船级社。海上移动平台入级与建造规范[S].人民交通出版社,1992
[18] 盛振邦,船舶静力学,上海:上海交通大学出版社,1984
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