高分子共混物的微结构调控及其热膨胀行为的研究
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摘要
众所周知,降低热膨胀系数一直是高分子材料实现以塑代钢、钢塑结合的一个重要难题。传统的解决方案是添加热膨胀系数较低的第二组分,如碳酸钙、滑石粉、玻璃纤维等,但是填充大量的无机粒子不仅降低材料的加工流动性,而且严重损害材料的冲击韧性。我们试图突破这种简单的加和复合概念,利用橡胶的高膨胀和低模量特性,通过成型加工过程中层状分散结构的多尺度、多层次形态控制,实现橡胶增韧高分子合金的低膨胀化目的。以填充橡胶来降低热膨胀系数是层状共连续高分子合金体现高度协同效应的一个新现象,其研究成果有可能突破橡胶增韧高分子材料的尺寸稳定性限制,为制备新型的高性能塑料车身板提供科学依据。
本论文主要包括五个部分,在研究分子链结构、结晶行为、纳米粒子渗流网络对单组分或多组分聚合物热膨胀行为影响后,重点考察了成型加工条件、橡胶种类、界面相容性以及纳米粒子定向聚集对层状共连续结构细微化、稳定化和连续化的调控作用,分析了层状结构与热膨胀行为的内在联系。主要研究内容和结果总结如下：
首先考察了分子主链结构和结晶性能对单一高分子材料热膨胀行为的影响。通过热膨胀测试,差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)与傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等方法研究了四种脂肪族聚酰胺玻璃化转变温度(Tg),结晶行为以及氢键强度对热膨胀行为的影响,探索了影响脂肪族聚酰胺热膨胀的本质。结果表明,聚酰胺的热膨胀系数随Tg的升高而减小,尽管结晶部分的热膨胀系数低于无定形部分,但是结晶熔融温度和结晶度均与热膨胀系数没有对应关系。进一步研究发现,脂肪族聚酰胺的Tg取决于分子链中亚甲基/酰胺基(CH2/CONH)比例,CH2/CONH比例越低,分子链间的氢键密度和氢键强度越大,导致材料的热膨胀系数显著减小。由此可见,聚酰胺分子链间的氢键密度和氢键强度随温度升高衰减的程度是影响其热膨胀行为的关键因素。
其次,深入研究了碳纳米碳管(CNT)含量和分散状态对生物基尼龙热膨胀行为的影响。随着CNT含量的提高,纳米复合物的热膨胀系数明显降低。研究发现,不同的尼龙基体均存在一个临界含量,当CNT含量超过该临界值时,热膨胀系数的减低幅度明显大于理论计算值,说明CNT网络的形成可能导致热膨胀系数进一步降低。为了验证这一设想,考察了等温热处理促进CNT网络的形成以及CNT在两种不相容生物基尼龙共混物中定向聚集等实验方法对热膨胀系数的影响。结果表明,热处理可以有效降低材料的热膨胀系数；加入少量CNT就可以促进PA56和PA510共混体系形成共连续结构,同时双渗流效应有效地降低了形成CNT网络的临界值,发现在PA56/CNT共混组分的相反转点同样出现了热膨胀系数突降现象。这些研究结果清楚地阐明了CNT网络的形成可以抑制复合材料热膨胀。
第四章重点研究了橡胶增韧聚乳酸体系层状共连续结构的成型加工技术以及层状结构演变对热膨胀行为的影响。考察了橡胶分子结构、界面相容性和粘度比与层状共连续结构的形成及其细微化、稳定化和连续化的关联性,分析了微层结构(厚度和连续度)和结晶取向状态对材料热膨胀系数的影响。结果表明,在PLA/乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三嵌段共聚物(EGMA)合金中,由于EGMA具有较低粘度,并且与PLA具有良好的界面相容性,在注塑成型的PLA/EGMA(60/40)合金中能获得精细的层状共连续结构,而这种结构能显著降低PLA共混物沿流动方向(FD)和截面方向(TD)上的线热膨胀系数(CLTE)。进一步研究发现,在注塑成型的PLA/橡胶合金中,层状共连续结构的微层厚度对其CLTE和冲击强度具有非常重要的影响。微层越薄,CLTE越低,同时缺口冲击强度越高。实验证明,PLA结晶取向不是CLTE降低的主要原因,而层状共连续结构才是降低CLTE的主要驱动力。
第五章探索了纳米粒子调控橡胶增韧体系层状共连续结构的可行性,目的是进一步提高层状结构细微化、稳定化和连续化,在降低热膨胀系数的同时改善材料的耐热性。本章的研究对象是有机粘土填充尼龙6/苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(PA6/m-SEBS=60/40)。研究发现,无论怎样改变共混顺序,有机粘土都定向偏聚在PA6相中,并且促使PA6相由海岛结构向共连续结构转变；但共混顺序不同,粘土的分散状态和剥离程度不一样,导致共混体系在随后注塑成型过程中形成的层状结构有很大差异。粘土分散状态好,剥离程度高则容易促进共混体系形成精细的层状共连续结构。相比较PA6/m-SEBS共混物,加入少量有机粘土可以进一步降低热膨胀系数,同时在维持材料高冲击韧性的前提下显著改善耐热性能和力学强度。
最后巧妙地利用相同组分不同微结构的橡胶增韧高分子合金具有迥然不同的热膨胀系数这一特性,设计和制备了一种新型的光(热)致变形材料。基本原理是：将黑色具有海岛结构的PP/EOR(70/30)合金薄层(高热膨胀系数)在注塑成型过程中与白色具有层状共连续结构的PP/EOR(70/30)合金薄层(低热膨胀系数)紧密粘结,构成吸光系数不同、黑白相间的复合体。由于这两种材料巨大的线膨胀系数差异,该复合体具有很高的光致变形效果。当光照10s后,复合体从平直状态转为弯曲状态,120s后,变形率最大能达到28%并保持稳定。移去光源,迅速恢复平直状态。为了提高复合体中两种材料的粘结强度,我们还研究了相同材料不同注塑温度以及不同材料相同注塑温度下的界面结构对界面粘结强度的影响,并且借助形貌观察和力学性能测试,确立了界面微观结构形态和粘结强度的有效表征方法。对于同组分(PP)不同注塑温度体系,研究发现无论一次注塑温度为何值,提高二次成型温度可以有效促进分子链在界面的扩散,提高界面粘结强度；而对于不同材料相同注塑温度体系,聚合物间相容性与界面弯曲强度直接相关。
As is known to all, one of barriers in replacing steel with polymer material or using them together is the mismatch of thermal expansion of both materials and molding shrinkage of polymer. Traditional way was to add inorganic filler with low thermal expansion, such as calcium carbonate, talc, glass fiber etc. bringing about the problem of damaging materials' processability and toughness. We are trying to break these simple addition concepts, obtain the multi-scale and multi-level layered structure by the use of high inflation and low modulus characteristics of the rubber and achieve the purpose of low thermal expansion of rubber toughened polymer alloys. The additions of rubber to polymer reduced the coefficient of thermal expansion is a new phenomenon in polymer alloys with co-continuous microlayer structure which reflects the high degree of synergies, the results of this research may exceed the stability limit of the size of the rubber-toughened polymer materials, and provide a scientific basis for the preparation of new high-performance plastic body panels.
This thesis includes five parts, firstly, the influence of molecular chain structure, crystallization behavior and nanoparticles percolation network on the thermal expansion behavior of single-component or multi-component polymer blends was studied. Then, the influence of the processing conditions, rubber type, interfacial compatibility and selectively dispersed of nanoparticles on the fine, stable and continuous of the co-continuous microlayer structure was also researched, the internal relation of the co-continuous microlayer structure and the thermal expansion behavior was simultaneously discussed. The main contents and results are summarized as follows:
First, we investigated the effect of the molecular main chain structure and crystallization properties on the thermal expansion behavior of a single polymer material. The influences of the glass transition temperature (Tg), the crystallization behavior and the hydrogen bond strength on the thermal expansion behavior of four types of aliphatic polyamides were studied in details by thermal expansion test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). DSC and X-ray diffraction results showed that the coefficient of linear thermal expamsion (CLTE) of crystalline part is lower than that of amorphous part for different types of aliphatic polyamides. However, the correspondence between the melting temperature, crystallinity and the aliphatic polyamide on CLTE is not clear. Further study found that the Tg of the aliphatic polyamide depends on the methylene/amide groups (CH2/CONH) ratio of the molecular chain, the lower CH2/CONH ratio, the higher density and strength of hydrogen bonds, and shows a much lower CLTE. Thus, the density and strength of hydrogen bonds are the key factors influencing the thermal expansion behavior of aliphatic polyamides.
Second, the influence of the CNT content and dispersion state on the thermal expansion behavior of bio-nylons was investigated in details. The CLTE of nanocomposites significantly decreased with the increase content of CNT. It found that there exists a critical content of CNT in the different nylon matrix. The CLTE of nanocomposites was further reduced compared with the theoretical value when the CNT content exceeded the threshold value. It indicated that the formation of CNT network was another important factor influencing the CLTE. To verify this idea, the influence of a CNT network inducing by the isothermal treatment and selectively dispersed CNT in the immiscible PA/PA blends on the thermal expansion behavior was deeply studied. The results show that the CLTE of the materials was effectively reduced by the isothermal treatment; It is demonstrated that, under the direction of CNT self-networking, the CNT-localized polymer domains tend to fuse together into co-continuous organization with little phase coarsening in PA56/PA510blend, while the critical value of the CNT to form the CNT network was effectively reduced due to the double percolation effect. We also found that the CLTE of the nanocomposites significantly decreased at the phase inversion point of PA56/PA510blend. These findings clearly demonstrated that the formation of CNT network can inhibit the thermal expansion behavior of the nanocomposites.
The forth chapter focuses on the processing technology of the co-continuous micolayer structure of a rubber toughened PLA system, and the relationship between the evolution of co-continuous micolayer structure and the thermal expansion behavior. The influence of the rubber structure, interfacial compatibility and viscosity ratio on the formation of fine, stable and continuous co-continuous micolayer structure was investigated. The impact of microlayer structure (thickness and continuity) and the crystal orientation on the CLTE of PLA blends was also further discussed. Electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) revealed that a fine co-continuous microlayer structure is formed in the injection-molded PLA/EGMA alloys. This leads to the polymer alloy owning super toughness and a very low thermal expansion both in the flow direction and in the transverse direction. The microlayer thickness of rubber in PLA blends, which can be tuned by viscosity ratio and compatibility of rubber to PLA, was found to play a key role in reducing the thermal expansion and achieving super toughness of the blends. Furthermore, it was testified that the significant reduction in the CLTE in PLA/rubber systems is mainly due to the formation of the co-continuous microlayer structure but not the crystal orientation.
Fifth, we studied the effects of dispersion state, the extent of exfoliation and content of the nanoparticles on the morphology, thermal expansion behaviors and heat resistance properties of PA6/m-SEBS(60/40) blend which explored a new way to improve the stability of co-continuous microlayer structure. The preferential dispersion of organoclay in PA6domains was observed, irrespective of varying the blending sequence, and to promote the PA6phase evolve from the sea-island structure to co-continuous structure. It was shown that PA6/m-SEBS/organoclay nanocomposites prepared by different blending sequences exhibited distinct microstructure and thermal expansion properties owing to a different extent of the exfoliation of the organoclay. A significant reduction in the CLTE along the flow direction of the injection-molded PA6/m-SEBS/organoclay ternary nanocopomsites could be achieved for those having a very fine co-continuous nanolayer structure. The well dispersion and exfoliation of the organoclay in the matrix is benefit to improve the formation of fine co-continuous nanolayer structure. In contrast to the binary PA6/m-SEBS blends, very low concentrations of nanometric-sized organoclay in the ternary system can lead to remarkable improvements in mechanical strength and heat resistance without loss of toughness.
Finally, the feature of the rubber-toughened polymer alloy having a quite different CLTE with different microstructure at the same composition was used to design and prepare a new type of light (heat) deformable material.The different CLTE of polymer materials with different pigments were combined. Thus, the straight laminated material was bent toward the side with low thermal expansion in the light irradiation which due to the different thermal expansion coefficient of polymer materials. The resulting complex responded rapidly when gave light contact for only10s, and eventually reached stability when the sample achieves the deformation rate of28%. Removal of light, the resulting complex temperature drops, and the state will recover from the bending into a flat state. Furthermore, in order to improve the interfacial bonding strength of the resulting complex, the interfacial structure and bonding strength at the condition of the same components with different injection temperature or different components with the same injection temperature by means of SEM and mechanical tests during multi-gate injection molding were studied. For the same component (PP) and different injection temperature system, the interfacial bonding strength was significantly improved by the increase of the second injection-molding temperature which was ascribed to effectively promote the diffusion of molecular chains at the interface; for the different component and the same injection temperature system, the compatibility between polymers played an important role on enhancing the interfacial bonding strength.
本论文主要包括五个部分,在研究分子链结构、结晶行为、纳米粒子渗流网络对单组分或多组分聚合物热膨胀行为影响后,重点考察了成型加工条件、橡胶种类、界面相容性以及纳米粒子定向聚集对层状共连续结构细微化、稳定化和连续化的调控作用,分析了层状结构与热膨胀行为的内在联系。主要研究内容和结果总结如下：
首先考察了分子主链结构和结晶性能对单一高分子材料热膨胀行为的影响。通过热膨胀测试,差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)与傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等方法研究了四种脂肪族聚酰胺玻璃化转变温度(Tg),结晶行为以及氢键强度对热膨胀行为的影响,探索了影响脂肪族聚酰胺热膨胀的本质。结果表明,聚酰胺的热膨胀系数随Tg的升高而减小,尽管结晶部分的热膨胀系数低于无定形部分,但是结晶熔融温度和结晶度均与热膨胀系数没有对应关系。进一步研究发现,脂肪族聚酰胺的Tg取决于分子链中亚甲基/酰胺基(CH2/CONH)比例,CH2/CONH比例越低,分子链间的氢键密度和氢键强度越大,导致材料的热膨胀系数显著减小。由此可见,聚酰胺分子链间的氢键密度和氢键强度随温度升高衰减的程度是影响其热膨胀行为的关键因素。
其次,深入研究了碳纳米碳管(CNT)含量和分散状态对生物基尼龙热膨胀行为的影响。随着CNT含量的提高,纳米复合物的热膨胀系数明显降低。研究发现,不同的尼龙基体均存在一个临界含量,当CNT含量超过该临界值时,热膨胀系数的减低幅度明显大于理论计算值,说明CNT网络的形成可能导致热膨胀系数进一步降低。为了验证这一设想,考察了等温热处理促进CNT网络的形成以及CNT在两种不相容生物基尼龙共混物中定向聚集等实验方法对热膨胀系数的影响。结果表明,热处理可以有效降低材料的热膨胀系数；加入少量CNT就可以促进PA56和PA510共混体系形成共连续结构,同时双渗流效应有效地降低了形成CNT网络的临界值,发现在PA56/CNT共混组分的相反转点同样出现了热膨胀系数突降现象。这些研究结果清楚地阐明了CNT网络的形成可以抑制复合材料热膨胀。
第四章重点研究了橡胶增韧聚乳酸体系层状共连续结构的成型加工技术以及层状结构演变对热膨胀行为的影响。考察了橡胶分子结构、界面相容性和粘度比与层状共连续结构的形成及其细微化、稳定化和连续化的关联性,分析了微层结构(厚度和连续度)和结晶取向状态对材料热膨胀系数的影响。结果表明,在PLA/乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三嵌段共聚物(EGMA)合金中,由于EGMA具有较低粘度,并且与PLA具有良好的界面相容性,在注塑成型的PLA/EGMA(60/40)合金中能获得精细的层状共连续结构,而这种结构能显著降低PLA共混物沿流动方向(FD)和截面方向(TD)上的线热膨胀系数(CLTE)。进一步研究发现,在注塑成型的PLA/橡胶合金中,层状共连续结构的微层厚度对其CLTE和冲击强度具有非常重要的影响。微层越薄,CLTE越低,同时缺口冲击强度越高。实验证明,PLA结晶取向不是CLTE降低的主要原因,而层状共连续结构才是降低CLTE的主要驱动力。
第五章探索了纳米粒子调控橡胶增韧体系层状共连续结构的可行性,目的是进一步提高层状结构细微化、稳定化和连续化,在降低热膨胀系数的同时改善材料的耐热性。本章的研究对象是有机粘土填充尼龙6/苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(PA6/m-SEBS=60/40)。研究发现,无论怎样改变共混顺序,有机粘土都定向偏聚在PA6相中,并且促使PA6相由海岛结构向共连续结构转变；但共混顺序不同,粘土的分散状态和剥离程度不一样,导致共混体系在随后注塑成型过程中形成的层状结构有很大差异。粘土分散状态好,剥离程度高则容易促进共混体系形成精细的层状共连续结构。相比较PA6/m-SEBS共混物,加入少量有机粘土可以进一步降低热膨胀系数,同时在维持材料高冲击韧性的前提下显著改善耐热性能和力学强度。
最后巧妙地利用相同组分不同微结构的橡胶增韧高分子合金具有迥然不同的热膨胀系数这一特性,设计和制备了一种新型的光(热)致变形材料。基本原理是：将黑色具有海岛结构的PP/EOR(70/30)合金薄层(高热膨胀系数)在注塑成型过程中与白色具有层状共连续结构的PP/EOR(70/30)合金薄层(低热膨胀系数)紧密粘结,构成吸光系数不同、黑白相间的复合体。由于这两种材料巨大的线膨胀系数差异,该复合体具有很高的光致变形效果。当光照10s后,复合体从平直状态转为弯曲状态,120s后,变形率最大能达到28%并保持稳定。移去光源,迅速恢复平直状态。为了提高复合体中两种材料的粘结强度,我们还研究了相同材料不同注塑温度以及不同材料相同注塑温度下的界面结构对界面粘结强度的影响,并且借助形貌观察和力学性能测试,确立了界面微观结构形态和粘结强度的有效表征方法。对于同组分(PP)不同注塑温度体系,研究发现无论一次注塑温度为何值,提高二次成型温度可以有效促进分子链在界面的扩散,提高界面粘结强度；而对于不同材料相同注塑温度体系,聚合物间相容性与界面弯曲强度直接相关。
As is known to all, one of barriers in replacing steel with polymer material or using them together is the mismatch of thermal expansion of both materials and molding shrinkage of polymer. Traditional way was to add inorganic filler with low thermal expansion, such as calcium carbonate, talc, glass fiber etc. bringing about the problem of damaging materials' processability and toughness. We are trying to break these simple addition concepts, obtain the multi-scale and multi-level layered structure by the use of high inflation and low modulus characteristics of the rubber and achieve the purpose of low thermal expansion of rubber toughened polymer alloys. The additions of rubber to polymer reduced the coefficient of thermal expansion is a new phenomenon in polymer alloys with co-continuous microlayer structure which reflects the high degree of synergies, the results of this research may exceed the stability limit of the size of the rubber-toughened polymer materials, and provide a scientific basis for the preparation of new high-performance plastic body panels.
This thesis includes five parts, firstly, the influence of molecular chain structure, crystallization behavior and nanoparticles percolation network on the thermal expansion behavior of single-component or multi-component polymer blends was studied. Then, the influence of the processing conditions, rubber type, interfacial compatibility and selectively dispersed of nanoparticles on the fine, stable and continuous of the co-continuous microlayer structure was also researched, the internal relation of the co-continuous microlayer structure and the thermal expansion behavior was simultaneously discussed. The main contents and results are summarized as follows:
First, we investigated the effect of the molecular main chain structure and crystallization properties on the thermal expansion behavior of a single polymer material. The influences of the glass transition temperature (Tg), the crystallization behavior and the hydrogen bond strength on the thermal expansion behavior of four types of aliphatic polyamides were studied in details by thermal expansion test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). DSC and X-ray diffraction results showed that the coefficient of linear thermal expamsion (CLTE) of crystalline part is lower than that of amorphous part for different types of aliphatic polyamides. However, the correspondence between the melting temperature, crystallinity and the aliphatic polyamide on CLTE is not clear. Further study found that the Tg of the aliphatic polyamide depends on the methylene/amide groups (CH2/CONH) ratio of the molecular chain, the lower CH2/CONH ratio, the higher density and strength of hydrogen bonds, and shows a much lower CLTE. Thus, the density and strength of hydrogen bonds are the key factors influencing the thermal expansion behavior of aliphatic polyamides.
Second, the influence of the CNT content and dispersion state on the thermal expansion behavior of bio-nylons was investigated in details. The CLTE of nanocomposites significantly decreased with the increase content of CNT. It found that there exists a critical content of CNT in the different nylon matrix. The CLTE of nanocomposites was further reduced compared with the theoretical value when the CNT content exceeded the threshold value. It indicated that the formation of CNT network was another important factor influencing the CLTE. To verify this idea, the influence of a CNT network inducing by the isothermal treatment and selectively dispersed CNT in the immiscible PA/PA blends on the thermal expansion behavior was deeply studied. The results show that the CLTE of the materials was effectively reduced by the isothermal treatment; It is demonstrated that, under the direction of CNT self-networking, the CNT-localized polymer domains tend to fuse together into co-continuous organization with little phase coarsening in PA56/PA510blend, while the critical value of the CNT to form the CNT network was effectively reduced due to the double percolation effect. We also found that the CLTE of the nanocomposites significantly decreased at the phase inversion point of PA56/PA510blend. These findings clearly demonstrated that the formation of CNT network can inhibit the thermal expansion behavior of the nanocomposites.
The forth chapter focuses on the processing technology of the co-continuous micolayer structure of a rubber toughened PLA system, and the relationship between the evolution of co-continuous micolayer structure and the thermal expansion behavior. The influence of the rubber structure, interfacial compatibility and viscosity ratio on the formation of fine, stable and continuous co-continuous micolayer structure was investigated. The impact of microlayer structure (thickness and continuity) and the crystal orientation on the CLTE of PLA blends was also further discussed. Electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) revealed that a fine co-continuous microlayer structure is formed in the injection-molded PLA/EGMA alloys. This leads to the polymer alloy owning super toughness and a very low thermal expansion both in the flow direction and in the transverse direction. The microlayer thickness of rubber in PLA blends, which can be tuned by viscosity ratio and compatibility of rubber to PLA, was found to play a key role in reducing the thermal expansion and achieving super toughness of the blends. Furthermore, it was testified that the significant reduction in the CLTE in PLA/rubber systems is mainly due to the formation of the co-continuous microlayer structure but not the crystal orientation.
Fifth, we studied the effects of dispersion state, the extent of exfoliation and content of the nanoparticles on the morphology, thermal expansion behaviors and heat resistance properties of PA6/m-SEBS(60/40) blend which explored a new way to improve the stability of co-continuous microlayer structure. The preferential dispersion of organoclay in PA6domains was observed, irrespective of varying the blending sequence, and to promote the PA6phase evolve from the sea-island structure to co-continuous structure. It was shown that PA6/m-SEBS/organoclay nanocomposites prepared by different blending sequences exhibited distinct microstructure and thermal expansion properties owing to a different extent of the exfoliation of the organoclay. A significant reduction in the CLTE along the flow direction of the injection-molded PA6/m-SEBS/organoclay ternary nanocopomsites could be achieved for those having a very fine co-continuous nanolayer structure. The well dispersion and exfoliation of the organoclay in the matrix is benefit to improve the formation of fine co-continuous nanolayer structure. In contrast to the binary PA6/m-SEBS blends, very low concentrations of nanometric-sized organoclay in the ternary system can lead to remarkable improvements in mechanical strength and heat resistance without loss of toughness.
Finally, the feature of the rubber-toughened polymer alloy having a quite different CLTE with different microstructure at the same composition was used to design and prepare a new type of light (heat) deformable material.The different CLTE of polymer materials with different pigments were combined. Thus, the straight laminated material was bent toward the side with low thermal expansion in the light irradiation which due to the different thermal expansion coefficient of polymer materials. The resulting complex responded rapidly when gave light contact for only10s, and eventually reached stability when the sample achieves the deformation rate of28%. Removal of light, the resulting complex temperature drops, and the state will recover from the bending into a flat state. Furthermore, in order to improve the interfacial bonding strength of the resulting complex, the interfacial structure and bonding strength at the condition of the same components with different injection temperature or different components with the same injection temperature by means of SEM and mechanical tests during multi-gate injection molding were studied. For the same component (PP) and different injection temperature system, the interfacial bonding strength was significantly improved by the increase of the second injection-molding temperature which was ascribed to effectively promote the diffusion of molecular chains at the interface; for the different component and the same injection temperature system, the compatibility between polymers played an important role on enhancing the interfacial bonding strength.
引文
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