洪水资源利用与生态用水调度研究
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摘要
随着人口增长和社会经济发展，水资源短缺与水生态退化在经济社会可持续发展中的矛盾越来越突出。在我国水资源时空分布不均、汛期洪水集中的背景下，洪水资源的利用已经成为挖掘水资源潜力，以峰补缺，调控经济用水、增加生态用水的重要方式，是解决我国水资源短缺及生态退化的有效途径。本文基于对洪水资源利用和生态用水保障统一共赢的角度，探讨流域层面的洪水资源利用及生态用水调度的基础理论和关键问题，在洪水资源利用评价与基于洪水资源利用的生态用水调度方面开展深入研究。
洪水资源是地表水资源的一种特殊形式，洪水资源利用是地表水资源利用的一种特殊方式，是以实现生态与经济用水双赢为目标的深度和高难度水资源利用。首先，针对什么是洪水、洪水是否可用、如何安全和有效地利用等问题，从水文规律、系统约束及利用方式等方面，提出了洪水资源利用的理论基础和关键技术；针对有多少洪水可用的问题，建立了包含洪水资源利用现状评价、潜力评价和可利用量评价“三位一体、阶梯递进”的流域洪水资源利用评价体系。其次，根据洪水资源利用特性，提出了洪水资源利用的生态、经济、风险适度性原则，并给出了各原则的控制指标及量化分析方法，进而提出洪水资源可利用量的评价方法，即生态获益、经济有效且风险适度条件下可挖掘的洪水资源利用潜力是洪水资源可利用量。第三，重点针对洪水资源利用中的生态适度性原则，构建了基于洪水资源利用的流域生态用水调度模型，建立了从宏观到中观逐步细化、模拟与优化结合的多层次生态用水调度分析框架，并以此为基础提出了特定调度目标下的流域生态库容总量及其分布的优化分析方法。
综合运用本文建立的洪水资源评价体系及基于洪水资源利用的流域生态用水调度模型，在海河和淮河流域进行了应用研究。结果表明，洪水资源评价体系可从“量”和“质”上回答了有多少洪水资源可以利用，可用于指导流域的洪水资源利用。在流域同时开展洪水资源利用与生态用水调度可有效提高流域经济与生态用水的保障程度，实现经济与生态用水的双赢。本文的研究成果，丰富了洪水资源利用与生态用水调度的理论、方法体系，今后可进一步完善生态用水调度模型，研究生态库容与兴利、防洪库容如何衔接的问题。
With the population growth and socioeconomic development, the contradictionbetween water shortage and ecological degradation is becoming more and more serious.It is well known that water resources distribute unevenly in time and space. Most ofwater resources concentrate in the flood season in China. With this background, theutilization of floodwater resources has become an important way to dig the potential ofwater resources, use the peak value to support the deficiency, regulate economical wateruse and restore environmental flow. Based on win-win perspective of floodwaterresources utilization and environmental flow maintenance, this dissertation not onlyprobes into the basic theory and key issues of the above two concepts, but also doesresearch on floodwater resources utilization assessment and ecological water allocationbased on floodwater resources utilization.
Floodwater resources utilization is a particular way to use surface water resources,which is a high level water resources utilization on challenges. First, the theory systemand key techniques of floodwater resources utilization are put forward in thisdissertation to answer the question that what is flood, whether can flood be utilized andhow to utilize flood securely and efficiently. An evaluation system of basin scalefloodwater resources utilization is constructed, which consists of current situationevaluation, potential evaluation and availability evaluation of floodwater resources.Second, according to characteristics of floodwater resources utilization, rules ofmoderate degree of ecology, economy and risk for floodwater resources utilization areproposed, including control index and quantification method for each rule. An approachto assess floodwater resources availability is proposed then. Third, ecological waterallocation model based on floodwater resources utilization is constructed which focuseson the rule of ecological moderation particularly. This dissertation establishes amulti-level analysis platform of ecological water operation, based on which theoptimization analysis methodology of ecological storage and its distribution for givenoperation target is proposed.
The evaluation system of floodwater resources utilization and ecological waterallocation model based on floodwater resources utilization, which are put forward in thedissertation, are applied to Haihe River Basin and Huaihe River basin. It turns out that the evaluation system quantifies floodwater resources availability, which means thissystem can be applied to guide floodwater utilization in watershed. Promotingfloodwater resources utilization and ecological water allocation simultaneously canimprove guarantee degree of water use of economy and ecology effectively to achievethe win-win goal. Results of this dissertation enrich the theory and method system offloodwater resources utilization and ecological water allocation. The ecological waterallocation model can be developed and conversion problem between ecological storage,active storage and flood control storage can be researched in further work.
洪水资源是地表水资源的一种特殊形式，洪水资源利用是地表水资源利用的一种特殊方式，是以实现生态与经济用水双赢为目标的深度和高难度水资源利用。首先，针对什么是洪水、洪水是否可用、如何安全和有效地利用等问题，从水文规律、系统约束及利用方式等方面，提出了洪水资源利用的理论基础和关键技术；针对有多少洪水可用的问题，建立了包含洪水资源利用现状评价、潜力评价和可利用量评价“三位一体、阶梯递进”的流域洪水资源利用评价体系。其次，根据洪水资源利用特性，提出了洪水资源利用的生态、经济、风险适度性原则，并给出了各原则的控制指标及量化分析方法，进而提出洪水资源可利用量的评价方法，即生态获益、经济有效且风险适度条件下可挖掘的洪水资源利用潜力是洪水资源可利用量。第三，重点针对洪水资源利用中的生态适度性原则，构建了基于洪水资源利用的流域生态用水调度模型，建立了从宏观到中观逐步细化、模拟与优化结合的多层次生态用水调度分析框架，并以此为基础提出了特定调度目标下的流域生态库容总量及其分布的优化分析方法。
综合运用本文建立的洪水资源评价体系及基于洪水资源利用的流域生态用水调度模型，在海河和淮河流域进行了应用研究。结果表明，洪水资源评价体系可从“量”和“质”上回答了有多少洪水资源可以利用，可用于指导流域的洪水资源利用。在流域同时开展洪水资源利用与生态用水调度可有效提高流域经济与生态用水的保障程度，实现经济与生态用水的双赢。本文的研究成果，丰富了洪水资源利用与生态用水调度的理论、方法体系，今后可进一步完善生态用水调度模型，研究生态库容与兴利、防洪库容如何衔接的问题。
With the population growth and socioeconomic development, the contradictionbetween water shortage and ecological degradation is becoming more and more serious.It is well known that water resources distribute unevenly in time and space. Most ofwater resources concentrate in the flood season in China. With this background, theutilization of floodwater resources has become an important way to dig the potential ofwater resources, use the peak value to support the deficiency, regulate economical wateruse and restore environmental flow. Based on win-win perspective of floodwaterresources utilization and environmental flow maintenance, this dissertation not onlyprobes into the basic theory and key issues of the above two concepts, but also doesresearch on floodwater resources utilization assessment and ecological water allocationbased on floodwater resources utilization.
Floodwater resources utilization is a particular way to use surface water resources,which is a high level water resources utilization on challenges. First, the theory systemand key techniques of floodwater resources utilization are put forward in thisdissertation to answer the question that what is flood, whether can flood be utilized andhow to utilize flood securely and efficiently. An evaluation system of basin scalefloodwater resources utilization is constructed, which consists of current situationevaluation, potential evaluation and availability evaluation of floodwater resources.Second, according to characteristics of floodwater resources utilization, rules ofmoderate degree of ecology, economy and risk for floodwater resources utilization areproposed, including control index and quantification method for each rule. An approachto assess floodwater resources availability is proposed then. Third, ecological waterallocation model based on floodwater resources utilization is constructed which focuseson the rule of ecological moderation particularly. This dissertation establishes amulti-level analysis platform of ecological water operation, based on which theoptimization analysis methodology of ecological storage and its distribution for givenoperation target is proposed.
The evaluation system of floodwater resources utilization and ecological waterallocation model based on floodwater resources utilization, which are put forward in thedissertation, are applied to Haihe River Basin and Huaihe River basin. It turns out that the evaluation system quantifies floodwater resources availability, which means thissystem can be applied to guide floodwater utilization in watershed. Promotingfloodwater resources utilization and ecological water allocation simultaneously canimprove guarantee degree of water use of economy and ecology effectively to achievethe win-win goal. Results of this dissertation enrich the theory and method system offloodwater resources utilization and ecological water allocation. The ecological waterallocation model can be developed and conversion problem between ecological storage,active storage and flood control storage can be researched in further work.
引文
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