湘乡皮革工业园废水处理厂的设计与实践
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摘要
制革废水不仅水量大,而且成分复杂、污染物浓度高,处理比较困难。设计一套运行成本较低、处理效果较好的废水处理工艺,是制革行业急需解决的问题。本文从湘乡制革企业废水处理的实际应用需求出发,设计了一套综合制革废水处理系统,并将系统投入实际运行。
通过对湘乡皮革工业园废水的水质分析,在充分比较现有污水处理技术的基础上,选定了物化-生物氧化综合制革废水处理工艺处理湘乡皮革厂的废水。根据当地环保部门的要求,废水处理厂设计的出水水质应达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的一级标准。
对湘乡皮革工业园废水处理厂进行了详细的技术方案论证、工艺设计、工程投资估算和经济分析,并成功的建设了废水处理厂。
试运行结果表明,综合制革废水处理工艺可使COD_(Cr)去除率达到90%。实际运行结果表明,该工艺对COD、BOD_5、S~(2-)、SS的去除效果良好,在废水进口水质变化幅度较大的情况下,均能达到或优于GB8978-1996的一级标准。
废水处理厂的工艺设计合理,抗冲击负荷能力强、连续自动运行、技术先进、工艺可靠、技术经济可行,具有重要的实践意义和推广价值。
Tannery wastewater has the characteristics of large water volume, complicated composition and high pollutant concentration, so it is difficult to deal with. It has been the most important problem to design a set of wastewater treatment technology with low operation cost and fine treatment efficiency. In this thesis, a set of integrated tanning wastewater system was designed according to the practical requirement of wastewater treatment of Xiangxiang's tanning enterprises, and it was also put into practice.
According to the wastewater quality analysis at the leather industrial area in Xiangxiang city of Hunan province and fully comparison of existing wastewater treatment technology, physicochemical-biological oxidation technology was selected to treat wastewater of Xiangxiang tanneries. The discharge wastewater quality was required to meet the demand of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) according to the wastewater quality and requirement of local government.
The detailed technical proposal, processing design, estimation of project investment and economical analysis had been carried out, and the wastewater treatment plant.
The experimental results of biological oxidation at lab showed that the removal ratio of COD_(C)r was 90%. The practical operating records indicated that this wastewater treatment processing had high removal efficiency of COD, BOD_5 and sulfides (S~(2-) and SS). The effluent quality could achieve or exceed the demand of GB8978-1996 even though the integrated tanning wastewater quality (COD, BOD_5, S~(2-) and SS) fluctuated extensively.
In a word, the treatment processing was reasonable and effective for the integrated tanning wastewater, and could be popularized or spreaded as a model project.
通过对湘乡皮革工业园废水的水质分析,在充分比较现有污水处理技术的基础上,选定了物化-生物氧化综合制革废水处理工艺处理湘乡皮革厂的废水。根据当地环保部门的要求,废水处理厂设计的出水水质应达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的一级标准。
对湘乡皮革工业园废水处理厂进行了详细的技术方案论证、工艺设计、工程投资估算和经济分析,并成功的建设了废水处理厂。
试运行结果表明,综合制革废水处理工艺可使COD_(Cr)去除率达到90%。实际运行结果表明,该工艺对COD、BOD_5、S~(2-)、SS的去除效果良好,在废水进口水质变化幅度较大的情况下,均能达到或优于GB8978-1996的一级标准。
废水处理厂的工艺设计合理,抗冲击负荷能力强、连续自动运行、技术先进、工艺可靠、技术经济可行,具有重要的实践意义和推广价值。
Tannery wastewater has the characteristics of large water volume, complicated composition and high pollutant concentration, so it is difficult to deal with. It has been the most important problem to design a set of wastewater treatment technology with low operation cost and fine treatment efficiency. In this thesis, a set of integrated tanning wastewater system was designed according to the practical requirement of wastewater treatment of Xiangxiang's tanning enterprises, and it was also put into practice.
According to the wastewater quality analysis at the leather industrial area in Xiangxiang city of Hunan province and fully comparison of existing wastewater treatment technology, physicochemical-biological oxidation technology was selected to treat wastewater of Xiangxiang tanneries. The discharge wastewater quality was required to meet the demand of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) according to the wastewater quality and requirement of local government.
The detailed technical proposal, processing design, estimation of project investment and economical analysis had been carried out, and the wastewater treatment plant.
The experimental results of biological oxidation at lab showed that the removal ratio of COD_(C)r was 90%. The practical operating records indicated that this wastewater treatment processing had high removal efficiency of COD, BOD_5 and sulfides (S~(2-) and SS). The effluent quality could achieve or exceed the demand of GB8978-1996 even though the integrated tanning wastewater quality (COD, BOD_5, S~(2-) and SS) fluctuated extensively.
In a word, the treatment processing was reasonable and effective for the integrated tanning wastewater, and could be popularized or spreaded as a model project.
引文
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[2]高忠柏,苏超英.制革工业废水处理.北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[3]白义杰,张松梅.中小型制革企业综合废水处理工程的设计与应用.江苏环境科技,2003,16(1):14-15
[4]苗利.中小型制革企业生产废水全物化处理.中国皮革,2003,32(1):1-2
[5]李国英,何有节,石碧,等.超声技术强化处理制革废水中的有机物.环境科学,2001,22(5):102-104
[6]张萍.混凝微滤法处理制革废水.环境科学研究,1999,12(2):50-53
[7]单宝田,马根之.絮凝-CO_2曝气-催化氧化处理制革废水研究.海岸工程,2001,20(3):54-59
[8]隋智慧.PBKD絮凝剂处理制革废水.中国皮革,2004,33(19):9-11
[9]卢亮,任晓芬,唐葆彤.催化铁内电解法为主的物化法工艺处理制革综合废水的研究.工业水处理,2006,26(9):48-50
[10]Jochimsan J C,Jekel M R.Partial oxidation effects during separated streams of tannery wastewater.Water Science Technology,1997,35(4):37-41
[11]Di Iaconia C,Di Pinto A C,Ramadori R,et al.Treatment options for tannery wastewater Ⅱ:integrated chemical and biological oxidation.Ann Chim,2001,91:87-90
[12]吴浩汀.制革工业废水处理技术及工程实例.北京:化学工业出版社,2002.56,92,104
[13]吴斌,梅竹松,吴清华,等.SBR生化法在制革废水处理中的应用.环境污染与防治,2001,23(6):294-295,308
[14]Kabainski M,Hultman B,Plaza E,et al.Strategies for improvement of sludge quality and process performance of sequencing batch reactor plant treating municipal and tannery wastewater.Water Science Technology,1998,38(4-5):69-77
[15]Carucci A,Chiavola A,Majone M,et al.Treatment of tannery wastewater in sequencing batch reactor.Water Science Technology,1999,40(1):253-259
[16]张勇.间歇式活性污泥法处理制革废水.工业安全与防尘,2001,27(2):19-22
[17]秦建国.SBR工艺在制革废水处理中的应用研究.沿海环境,2003,10:26-27
[18]谷峡,王有志.SBR法处理寒冷地区制革废水工程实例.地温建筑技术,2003.4:87-88
[19]冯元群,吴斌.SBR生化法在制革废水处理中的应用.环境污染与防治,2001,23(6):294-295
[20]矫彩山.间歇式活性污泥法处理制革废水工程实例研究.应用科技,2001,28(5):38-39
[21]陶如钧.物化-水解酸化-CAST工艺处理制革废水.给水排水,2003,29(9):31-33
[22]吴荣芳,徐安心,吴响中.粉末活性炭-SBR处理制革和印染混合废水.中国给水排水,2007,23(6):28-30
[23]陈永存,傅向晖,潘谢谢.预处理-混凝-水解酸化-循环式活性污泥法处理制革废水.环境工程,2007,25(1):33-36
[24]张杰,刘素英,郑德明.序批式活性污泥(SBR)法在制革生产废水处理中的应用.陕西科技大学学报,2006,24(3):143-146
[25]Unep.Tanneries and the environment-technical guide,Technical Report Series 4:United National Publication,1991
[26]Farabegoli G,Carucci A,Majone M.Biological treatment tannery wastewater in the chromium.J.of Environment Management,2004,7:345-349
[27]Scott J P,Ollis D F.Integration of chemical and biological oxidation processes for water treatment:review and recommendation.Environ Progress,1995,14(2):88-90
[28]吴浩汀,王大长.氧化沟工艺处理制革废水实例.中国皮革,2001,30(7):20-23
[29]魏家泰.制革废水生物处理前的预处理工艺及相关参数.江苏环境科技,2001,14(1):11-13
[30]杨建军,高忠柏.氧化沟工艺处理绵羊皮制革废水.中国皮革,2002,31(9):5-6.9
[31]张宗才,张新申,张铭让.氧化沟水力学分析及流场计算.中国皮革,2004,33(11):22-25
[32]杨卫华.印染和制革废水对氧化沟抑制性试验研究.河北建筑科技学院学报,2001,18(4):34-37
[33]陈学群,高忠柏.适于严寒地区制革废水处理的工艺.中国皮革,2001,30(23):35-37
[34]陈亚平,叶宏,向艳.水解酸化-预曝气-氧化沟-气浮工艺在制革废水处理中的应用.西部皮革,2007,9(4):35-37
[35]周蕾,吴浩汀.氧化沟脱氮工艺处理制革废水的设计和控制.中国皮革,2007,36(5):46-48
[36]罗浩.CAF空穴气浮-生物接触氧化工艺在制革废水处理中的应用.环境工程.1997,15(5):3-5,16
[37]郑新萍.混凝沉降-生物膜法处理制革废水.环境技术,2004,4:1 8-19
[38]贾秋平.CAF涡凹气浮.生物接触氧化工艺在制革废水处理中的应用.环境保护科学,2003,29(2):20-22
[39]周建群,陈新荣.气浮-生物接触氧化工艺处理制革废水.江西化工,2004,9:141-145
[40]韦帮森.制革废水的治理.江苏环境科技,2003,16(3):20-21
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