立井揭煤过程中的煤岩体受力变化机制研究
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摘要
煤与瓦斯突出是一种极其复杂的动力现象,也是矿井生产中的重大灾害之一,是地应力、煤层中的瓦斯压力和煤的物理力学性质综合作用的结果。立井掘进过程中,尤其是在穿越突出危险地层时,煤(岩)与瓦斯突出将严重影响矿井生产的安全。本文采用理论分析和模拟计算相结合的方法对立井掘进过程中的工作面应力分布规律以及煤岩体与瓦斯耦合作用进行了研究。
采用固体力学分析方法,通过对立井掘进工程中工作面的应力分布规律的研究,找到了工作面应力分布的影响因素及规律;利用渗流理论和固流耦合理论分析了瓦斯的流动和煤岩与瓦斯耦合作用,得出煤与瓦斯突出就是煤岩变形与瓦斯流体渗流耦合作用下,煤岩体发生失稳破坏而造成的。煤与瓦斯突出发生的强度主要与为煤岩体的弹性变形能与瓦斯膨胀能。
通过有限差分程序的模拟应用,采用摩尔-库仑塑性模型模拟了掘进工作面周围前方煤岩体的应力分布规律;采用固-流耦合模型和摩尔-库仑塑性模拟了煤岩体和瓦斯共同耦合作用下立井工作面周围煤岩体的应力和变形规律,通过数值模拟分析,得出立井揭穿煤层过程中煤与瓦斯突出与煤岩体的破裂及瓦斯流动,以及二者耦合作用有关。煤岩体破坏后形成围岩的应力集中,瓦斯解吸,促使煤与瓦斯的突出,瓦斯的压力和工作面深度的增大为其突出提供了有利的条件。
The coal (rock) and the gas outburst is a kind of extremely complex dynamical phenomenon, is also one of significant disasters in mine production, is result from combined action of the geostress, the gas pressure and the coal(rock) physics mechanical properties. In the vertical shaft tunneling process, in particular when passes through the outburst dangerous stratum, the outburst of the coal (rock) and the gas will seriously affect the security of the mine shaft production. This article used the method that the theoretical analysis and the analog computation to research the stress distribution rule around the working surface and that the coal(rock) and the gas coupling function.
Through using the solid mechanics analysis method, has reached the working surface stress distribution rule, has found the influence factors of it, using the transfusion theory and the solid fluid coupling theory, has reached the gas flowing and the coal(rock) and the gas coupling function , concluded that the coal(rock) and the gas outburst is that the coal(rock) occurs destruction under the functions of the coal(rock) distortion and the fluid transfusion coupling function. To the intensity of outburst occurs has provided the energy computation method, namely for the sum of the elasticity distortion energy of the coal (rock) body and the inflation energy of gas.
Through the finite difference procedure applying, the article simulated the coal (rock) body stress distribution by using the mole-coulomb plastic model ,using solid-flow coupling model and mole-coulomb plastic model simulated the coal(rock) body stress and distortion under the effect of the coal(rock) body and gas common coupling function beside around the vertical shaft working surface, pointed out that the outburst mechanism are the coal(rock) burst and the gas flows, as well as two coupling function relation , but the stress concentration appearance, the gas pressure and the working surface depth increasing provide the advantageous conduction for the outburst.
采用固体力学分析方法,通过对立井掘进工程中工作面的应力分布规律的研究,找到了工作面应力分布的影响因素及规律;利用渗流理论和固流耦合理论分析了瓦斯的流动和煤岩与瓦斯耦合作用,得出煤与瓦斯突出就是煤岩变形与瓦斯流体渗流耦合作用下,煤岩体发生失稳破坏而造成的。煤与瓦斯突出发生的强度主要与为煤岩体的弹性变形能与瓦斯膨胀能。
通过有限差分程序的模拟应用,采用摩尔-库仑塑性模型模拟了掘进工作面周围前方煤岩体的应力分布规律;采用固-流耦合模型和摩尔-库仑塑性模拟了煤岩体和瓦斯共同耦合作用下立井工作面周围煤岩体的应力和变形规律,通过数值模拟分析,得出立井揭穿煤层过程中煤与瓦斯突出与煤岩体的破裂及瓦斯流动,以及二者耦合作用有关。煤岩体破坏后形成围岩的应力集中,瓦斯解吸,促使煤与瓦斯的突出,瓦斯的压力和工作面深度的增大为其突出提供了有利的条件。
The coal (rock) and the gas outburst is a kind of extremely complex dynamical phenomenon, is also one of significant disasters in mine production, is result from combined action of the geostress, the gas pressure and the coal(rock) physics mechanical properties. In the vertical shaft tunneling process, in particular when passes through the outburst dangerous stratum, the outburst of the coal (rock) and the gas will seriously affect the security of the mine shaft production. This article used the method that the theoretical analysis and the analog computation to research the stress distribution rule around the working surface and that the coal(rock) and the gas coupling function.
Through using the solid mechanics analysis method, has reached the working surface stress distribution rule, has found the influence factors of it, using the transfusion theory and the solid fluid coupling theory, has reached the gas flowing and the coal(rock) and the gas coupling function , concluded that the coal(rock) and the gas outburst is that the coal(rock) occurs destruction under the functions of the coal(rock) distortion and the fluid transfusion coupling function. To the intensity of outburst occurs has provided the energy computation method, namely for the sum of the elasticity distortion energy of the coal (rock) body and the inflation energy of gas.
Through the finite difference procedure applying, the article simulated the coal (rock) body stress distribution by using the mole-coulomb plastic model ,using solid-flow coupling model and mole-coulomb plastic model simulated the coal(rock) body stress and distortion under the effect of the coal(rock) body and gas common coupling function beside around the vertical shaft working surface, pointed out that the outburst mechanism are the coal(rock) burst and the gas flows, as well as two coupling function relation , but the stress concentration appearance, the gas pressure and the working surface depth increasing provide the advantageous conduction for the outburst.
引文
[1]谢和平.深部资源开采诱发的工程灾害与基础科学问题.北京:科学出版社,2006.3-11
[2]谢和平.深部高应力下的资源开采-现状、基础科学问题与展望.香山科学会议编.科学前沿与未来.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.179-191
[3]重庆分院.国外煤和瓦斯突出资料汇编(第一集).重庆:科学技术文献出版社,1992
[4]姚宝魁,孙广忠,尹代勋,等.煤与瓦斯突出的区域性预测.北京:中国科学出版社,1993
[5]朱连山.煤与瓦斯突出机理浅析.矿业安全与环保,2002,29(2):23-25
[6]彭立世,煤与瓦斯突出区域预测的认识基础,煤矿安全.1996(2);
[7]李中锋.煤与瓦斯突出机理及其发生条件评述.煤炭科学技术,1997,25(11):44-47
[8]重庆分院.国外煤和瓦斯突出资料汇编(第二集).重庆:科学技术文献出版社,
[9]张铁岗,矿井瓦斯综合治理技术,煤炭工业出版社,2001
[10]文光才,徐三民,煤与瓦斯防治技术的新进展,矿业安全与环保,2000
[11]李通林、谭学术、刘传伟.矿山岩石力学.重庆:重庆大学出版社.1990.12
[12]Denham,D.,Alexander,L.G.and Worotnicki,G.,1979,Stress 工 the Australiancrust:Evidence from earthquakes and in-situ stress measurement,EMK J.Aus.Geol.and Geophys.,4:289-295
[13]Brown.,E.T.and Windsor,C.R.,1990,Near surface in situ stress in Australia and their influence on underground construction,Proc.7th Australia Tunnelling Conference,Sydney,18-48
[14]李方全,我国现今地应力状态及有关问题.地震学报,1986,8(2)
[15]钱鸣高,缪协兴,深部采动岩体中的关键层活动对冲击矿压和突水等灾害的影响,第175次香山科学会议《深部高应力下的资源开采与地下土程》学术研讨会专题报告,北京:2001年11月
[16]章梦涛、潘一山、梁冰、王来贵.煤岩流体力学.北京:科学出版社.1995
[17]柴兆喜,各国煤和瓦斯突出概况,世界煤炭技术,1984(4)
[18]陈庆宣,孙叶等,岩石力学和构造应力场分析,地质出版社,1998
[19]李凤仪,韩丛发,张国华等,岩体开挖与维护,中国矿业大学出版社,2003
[20]曹云兴,彭立世,顺煤断层的基本类型及其对瓦斯突出带的控制作用,煤炭学报,1995(4)
[21]胡千庭,文光才,徐三民,工作面突出预测敏感指标及临界值确定方法的研究,煤炭工程师,1998(增刊)
[22]林海燕,袁修干,何学秋,含瓦斯煤体断裂电磁辐射的试验研究,煤炭程师,1998(3)
[23]彭苏萍,孟召平,矿井工程地质理论与实践。地质出版社,2002
[24]李中锋.煤与瓦斯突出机理及其发生条件评述.煤炭科学技术,1997,25(11):44-47
[25]樊栓保,国内外煤与瓦斯突出预测的新方法,矿业安全与环保,2000(10)
[26]赵阳升,矿山岩石流体力学,煤炭工业出版社,1994.12
[27]何学秋著.含瓦斯煤岩流变动力学.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1995
[28]谢和平,陈忠辉,岩石力学,科学出版社,2004
[29]周维垣,杨若琼等.岩石力学发展的最新趋势.第九届国际岩石力学大会会议内容介绍.岩石力学与工程学报.2000.19(1):117-119
[30]顿志林,高家美,弹性力学及其在岩土工程中的应用,煤炭工业出版社,2003
[31]周世宁,何学秋,煤和瓦斯突出机理的流变假说.中国矿业大学学报,1990,19(2)
[32]梁冰,章梦涛,煤与瓦斯突出的固流耦合失稳理论.煤炭学报,1995,20(5).492-496
[33]梁冰,章梦涛,从煤和瓦斯的耦合作用及煤的失稳破坏看突出的机理.中国安全科学学报,1997,7(1),6-9
[34]Yunxing Cao,Dingdong HeDavid Cglick,Coal and gas outburst in footwalls of reverse faults,International Journal of Coal Geology 2001,48(5):47-63
[35]Rachel Walker,Miram Glikson,Maria Mastalerz,Relations between coal petrology and gas content in the Upper Newlands Seam,central Queensland,Australia,International Journal of Coal Geology 2001,46(3):83-92
[36]缪协兴,刘卫群,陈占清,采动岩体渗流理论,科学出版社,2004
[37]蒋承林,俞启香,煤与瓦斯突出过程中能量耗散规律的研究.煤炭学报,1996,21(2).173-178
[38]尹光志,李贺,鲜学福,冯涛,煤岩体失稳的突变理论模型.重庆大学学报,1994(1):23-28
[39]李新元,围岩一煤体系统失稳破坏及冲击地压预测的探讨.中国矿业大学学报,2000,Vol.29(6):633-636
[40]HuoyinLi,Major and minor structural features of a bedding shear zone along a coal seam and related gas outburst,Pingdingshan coalfield,northern China.International Journal of Coal Geology 2001,(47):101-113
[41]章梦涛,冲击地压失稳理论与数值模拟计算.岩石力学与土程学报,1987(3):197-204
[42]张玉祥,陆士良,矿井动力现象的突变机理及控制研究.岩土力学,1997,Vol.18.88-92
[43]潘一山,章梦涛,用突变理论分析冲击发生的物理过程.阜新矿业学院学报1992(1):12-18
[44]费鸿禄,徐小荷著,岩爆的动力失稳.东方出版中心,上海:1998年4月
[45]周世宁,林柏泉.煤层瓦斯赋存与流动理论.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1997
[46]蒋承林,煤与瓦斯突出的预测模型及预测指标.中国矿业大学学报,1998.027(004).373-376
[47]中华人民共和国煤炭工业部制定,防治煤与瓦斯突出细则.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1995
[48]ProfDR HAB,C02 and CH4 Displacement Sorption In Rank Grade Coal Under Low Gas Pressure,Archives of Mining Sciences 2001,46(1):
[49]谢文兵,陈晓祥,郑百生,采矿工程问题数值模拟研究与分析,中国矿业大学,2005
[50]刘波,韩彦辉,FLAC原理、实例与应用指南,人民交通出版社,2005
[2]谢和平.深部高应力下的资源开采-现状、基础科学问题与展望.香山科学会议编.科学前沿与未来.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.179-191
[3]重庆分院.国外煤和瓦斯突出资料汇编(第一集).重庆:科学技术文献出版社,1992
[4]姚宝魁,孙广忠,尹代勋,等.煤与瓦斯突出的区域性预测.北京:中国科学出版社,1993
[5]朱连山.煤与瓦斯突出机理浅析.矿业安全与环保,2002,29(2):23-25
[6]彭立世,煤与瓦斯突出区域预测的认识基础,煤矿安全.1996(2);
[7]李中锋.煤与瓦斯突出机理及其发生条件评述.煤炭科学技术,1997,25(11):44-47
[8]重庆分院.国外煤和瓦斯突出资料汇编(第二集).重庆:科学技术文献出版社,
[9]张铁岗,矿井瓦斯综合治理技术,煤炭工业出版社,2001
[10]文光才,徐三民,煤与瓦斯防治技术的新进展,矿业安全与环保,2000
[11]李通林、谭学术、刘传伟.矿山岩石力学.重庆:重庆大学出版社.1990.12
[12]Denham,D.,Alexander,L.G.and Worotnicki,G.,1979,Stress 工 the Australiancrust:Evidence from earthquakes and in-situ stress measurement,EMK J.Aus.Geol.and Geophys.,4:289-295
[13]Brown.,E.T.and Windsor,C.R.,1990,Near surface in situ stress in Australia and their influence on underground construction,Proc.7th Australia Tunnelling Conference,Sydney,18-48
[14]李方全,我国现今地应力状态及有关问题.地震学报,1986,8(2)
[15]钱鸣高,缪协兴,深部采动岩体中的关键层活动对冲击矿压和突水等灾害的影响,第175次香山科学会议《深部高应力下的资源开采与地下土程》学术研讨会专题报告,北京:2001年11月
[16]章梦涛、潘一山、梁冰、王来贵.煤岩流体力学.北京:科学出版社.1995
[17]柴兆喜,各国煤和瓦斯突出概况,世界煤炭技术,1984(4)
[18]陈庆宣,孙叶等,岩石力学和构造应力场分析,地质出版社,1998
[19]李凤仪,韩丛发,张国华等,岩体开挖与维护,中国矿业大学出版社,2003
[20]曹云兴,彭立世,顺煤断层的基本类型及其对瓦斯突出带的控制作用,煤炭学报,1995(4)
[21]胡千庭,文光才,徐三民,工作面突出预测敏感指标及临界值确定方法的研究,煤炭工程师,1998(增刊)
[22]林海燕,袁修干,何学秋,含瓦斯煤体断裂电磁辐射的试验研究,煤炭程师,1998(3)
[23]彭苏萍,孟召平,矿井工程地质理论与实践。地质出版社,2002
[24]李中锋.煤与瓦斯突出机理及其发生条件评述.煤炭科学技术,1997,25(11):44-47
[25]樊栓保,国内外煤与瓦斯突出预测的新方法,矿业安全与环保,2000(10)
[26]赵阳升,矿山岩石流体力学,煤炭工业出版社,1994.12
[27]何学秋著.含瓦斯煤岩流变动力学.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1995
[28]谢和平,陈忠辉,岩石力学,科学出版社,2004
[29]周维垣,杨若琼等.岩石力学发展的最新趋势.第九届国际岩石力学大会会议内容介绍.岩石力学与工程学报.2000.19(1):117-119
[30]顿志林,高家美,弹性力学及其在岩土工程中的应用,煤炭工业出版社,2003
[31]周世宁,何学秋,煤和瓦斯突出机理的流变假说.中国矿业大学学报,1990,19(2)
[32]梁冰,章梦涛,煤与瓦斯突出的固流耦合失稳理论.煤炭学报,1995,20(5).492-496
[33]梁冰,章梦涛,从煤和瓦斯的耦合作用及煤的失稳破坏看突出的机理.中国安全科学学报,1997,7(1),6-9
[34]Yunxing Cao,Dingdong HeDavid Cglick,Coal and gas outburst in footwalls of reverse faults,International Journal of Coal Geology 2001,48(5):47-63
[35]Rachel Walker,Miram Glikson,Maria Mastalerz,Relations between coal petrology and gas content in the Upper Newlands Seam,central Queensland,Australia,International Journal of Coal Geology 2001,46(3):83-92
[36]缪协兴,刘卫群,陈占清,采动岩体渗流理论,科学出版社,2004
[37]蒋承林,俞启香,煤与瓦斯突出过程中能量耗散规律的研究.煤炭学报,1996,21(2).173-178
[38]尹光志,李贺,鲜学福,冯涛,煤岩体失稳的突变理论模型.重庆大学学报,1994(1):23-28
[39]李新元,围岩一煤体系统失稳破坏及冲击地压预测的探讨.中国矿业大学学报,2000,Vol.29(6):633-636
[40]HuoyinLi,Major and minor structural features of a bedding shear zone along a coal seam and related gas outburst,Pingdingshan coalfield,northern China.International Journal of Coal Geology 2001,(47):101-113
[41]章梦涛,冲击地压失稳理论与数值模拟计算.岩石力学与土程学报,1987(3):197-204
[42]张玉祥,陆士良,矿井动力现象的突变机理及控制研究.岩土力学,1997,Vol.18.88-92
[43]潘一山,章梦涛,用突变理论分析冲击发生的物理过程.阜新矿业学院学报1992(1):12-18
[44]费鸿禄,徐小荷著,岩爆的动力失稳.东方出版中心,上海:1998年4月
[45]周世宁,林柏泉.煤层瓦斯赋存与流动理论.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1997
[46]蒋承林,煤与瓦斯突出的预测模型及预测指标.中国矿业大学学报,1998.027(004).373-376
[47]中华人民共和国煤炭工业部制定,防治煤与瓦斯突出细则.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1995
[48]ProfDR HAB,C02 and CH4 Displacement Sorption In Rank Grade Coal Under Low Gas Pressure,Archives of Mining Sciences 2001,46(1):
[49]谢文兵,陈晓祥,郑百生,采矿工程问题数值模拟研究与分析,中国矿业大学,2005
[50]刘波,韩彦辉,FLAC原理、实例与应用指南,人民交通出版社,2005