水沙两相紊流数学模型及其在近岸泥沙运动中的应用
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摘要
高精度的水沙两相数学模型在河流及海岸泥沙运动学中具有重要的应用背景,它是对泥沙运动进行统一描述的理论基础,也是揭示泥沙运动普遍规律,丰富和完善泥沙运动力学内容的重要途径。本文旨在建立一个能兼顾悬移质、推移质、层移质等输沙形式,准确体现固液两相紊流作用,合理反映泥沙颗粒问以及固液两相之间相互作用的水沙两相流模型,并将其应用于近岸水沙动力学典型问题的研究中。
模型控制方程基于双流体连续介质模型,包含了相问阻力、附加质量力和升力对两相运动的耦合,考虑了泥沙粒问应力在高含沙区域对两相运动的重要意义。其中,水相的紊动采用k-ε模型描述并拓展到高含沙浓度区域,泥沙相紊动采用Hinze-Tchen颗粒紊流粘性系数模型。
论文研究了恒定流动平衡输沙问题,揭示了不同流动强度或泥沙条件下两相流速分布、浓度分布、两相相互影响,不同的边界条件和泥沙扩散系数分布。对非平衡输沙问题进行模拟的结果表述了沿程变化的浓度、扩散系数和沉速分布及相互关系。
在往复流动层移输沙问题中,论文揭示了对称和非对称往复流动条件下水沙两相动力特征和含沙层侵蚀深度的变化过程,并估计各种条件下的净输沙情况。近岸周期性动力条件下,论文深入探讨并解释了相位差、紊动以及泥沙运动在水流中的整体周期性响应。
针对传统研究中的难点,论文系统地研究非线性往复流作用下水平和垂向泥沙通量,讨论了床面附近两相运动的微观机制特别是泥沙交换机制,并揭示扬沙率、挟沙能力和输沙率等重要参数的时空变化,以及它们随着水沙两相条件的变化规律。论文还阐明了速度偏度和加速度偏度对水平输沙的重要影响；提出适合于往复流动层移输沙条件的泥沙垂向通量经验公式并揭示该通量随着流动条件和泥沙条件变化的规律。
此外,论文研究了波浪作用下的涡动沙纹,揭示了整个沙纹表面两相间强烈的相互作用和交换机制,以及沙纹地形条件下流体动力特性和泥沙运动过程。结果重现了绕流沙纹水流涡的形成、发展及耗散过程,表明了泥沙运动过程与流动水涡之间的密切关系。
It is of current significance to develop an advanced two-phase turbulent model forsediment-laden flow with important theoretical and practical background. With unifiedsediment transport description and specifically revealed general laws of sedimentmovement for both suspended and bedload sediments, the theory about near-shoresediment transport mechanics can be further enriched and perfected. Thus such avertical-horizontal2D numerical model is developed based on Euler-Euler approach oftwo-phase turbulence theory for the nearshore sediment-laden flow under a wide rangeof validation. The fluid phase and the sediment phase are coupled according to theirinteraction forces containing drag force, inertia force and lift force. The traditional k-model is applied for turbulence closure of the fluid phase, while an algebraic particleturbulence model is taken for the sediment phase.
By modeling conventional particles and light particles sediment transport underunidirectional flow conditions, it reveals the two-phase velocity distribution,concentration distribution, two-phase interaction, different boundary conditions andsediment diffusion coefficient distribution under different flow and sediment conditions.Further more, the model is applied for non-equilibrium sediment transport problem forbetter understanding of variation of concentration, diffusion coefficient, fall velocity,and their relationships.
Under oscillatory sheet flow conditions, the results reveal the temporal and specialvariation of the sediment concentration, horizontal velocities, thickness of the sheetflow layer, horizontal and vertical fluxes of the sediment, and net sediment transportrate under a wide range of conditions. Base on the discussion, it explores the perioddynamic phase response together with turbulence and sediment movement undernearshore period dynamic conditions.
Furthermore, it reveals horizontal and vertical sediment fluxes systematicallyunder nonlinear oscillatory flows conditions according to difficulty in traditionalresearch, also explains the effects of flow period, shape, velocity and sedimentdiameters. Model reveals the detail of sediment transport process accompanying withvelocity skewness and acceleration skewness, especially the difference between onshore and offshore durations, according to the illustrating of sediment transport rate andsediment flux. Additionally, it illustrates the vertical sediment flux characteristics at thereference height, near immobile bed and at low concentration area, and explains totalsuspended sediment amount of different sediment sizes under the same flow conditions.
Finally, the model is applied for general description of the hydrodynamic andsediment movement near vortex ripples regions under oscillatory flow conditions.Model reconstructs the strong interaction and phase exchange between two phases, andreveals the detail characteristics of formation ejection and dissipation of flow vortexaccompanying with the sediment entrainment and transport process over vortex ripples.
模型控制方程基于双流体连续介质模型,包含了相问阻力、附加质量力和升力对两相运动的耦合,考虑了泥沙粒问应力在高含沙区域对两相运动的重要意义。其中,水相的紊动采用k-ε模型描述并拓展到高含沙浓度区域,泥沙相紊动采用Hinze-Tchen颗粒紊流粘性系数模型。
论文研究了恒定流动平衡输沙问题,揭示了不同流动强度或泥沙条件下两相流速分布、浓度分布、两相相互影响,不同的边界条件和泥沙扩散系数分布。对非平衡输沙问题进行模拟的结果表述了沿程变化的浓度、扩散系数和沉速分布及相互关系。
在往复流动层移输沙问题中,论文揭示了对称和非对称往复流动条件下水沙两相动力特征和含沙层侵蚀深度的变化过程,并估计各种条件下的净输沙情况。近岸周期性动力条件下,论文深入探讨并解释了相位差、紊动以及泥沙运动在水流中的整体周期性响应。
针对传统研究中的难点,论文系统地研究非线性往复流作用下水平和垂向泥沙通量,讨论了床面附近两相运动的微观机制特别是泥沙交换机制,并揭示扬沙率、挟沙能力和输沙率等重要参数的时空变化,以及它们随着水沙两相条件的变化规律。论文还阐明了速度偏度和加速度偏度对水平输沙的重要影响；提出适合于往复流动层移输沙条件的泥沙垂向通量经验公式并揭示该通量随着流动条件和泥沙条件变化的规律。
此外,论文研究了波浪作用下的涡动沙纹,揭示了整个沙纹表面两相间强烈的相互作用和交换机制,以及沙纹地形条件下流体动力特性和泥沙运动过程。结果重现了绕流沙纹水流涡的形成、发展及耗散过程,表明了泥沙运动过程与流动水涡之间的密切关系。
It is of current significance to develop an advanced two-phase turbulent model forsediment-laden flow with important theoretical and practical background. With unifiedsediment transport description and specifically revealed general laws of sedimentmovement for both suspended and bedload sediments, the theory about near-shoresediment transport mechanics can be further enriched and perfected. Thus such avertical-horizontal2D numerical model is developed based on Euler-Euler approach oftwo-phase turbulence theory for the nearshore sediment-laden flow under a wide rangeof validation. The fluid phase and the sediment phase are coupled according to theirinteraction forces containing drag force, inertia force and lift force. The traditional k-model is applied for turbulence closure of the fluid phase, while an algebraic particleturbulence model is taken for the sediment phase.
By modeling conventional particles and light particles sediment transport underunidirectional flow conditions, it reveals the two-phase velocity distribution,concentration distribution, two-phase interaction, different boundary conditions andsediment diffusion coefficient distribution under different flow and sediment conditions.Further more, the model is applied for non-equilibrium sediment transport problem forbetter understanding of variation of concentration, diffusion coefficient, fall velocity,and their relationships.
Under oscillatory sheet flow conditions, the results reveal the temporal and specialvariation of the sediment concentration, horizontal velocities, thickness of the sheetflow layer, horizontal and vertical fluxes of the sediment, and net sediment transportrate under a wide range of conditions. Base on the discussion, it explores the perioddynamic phase response together with turbulence and sediment movement undernearshore period dynamic conditions.
Furthermore, it reveals horizontal and vertical sediment fluxes systematicallyunder nonlinear oscillatory flows conditions according to difficulty in traditionalresearch, also explains the effects of flow period, shape, velocity and sedimentdiameters. Model reveals the detail of sediment transport process accompanying withvelocity skewness and acceleration skewness, especially the difference between onshore and offshore durations, according to the illustrating of sediment transport rate andsediment flux. Additionally, it illustrates the vertical sediment flux characteristics at thereference height, near immobile bed and at low concentration area, and explains totalsuspended sediment amount of different sediment sizes under the same flow conditions.
Finally, the model is applied for general description of the hydrodynamic andsediment movement near vortex ripples regions under oscillatory flow conditions.Model reconstructs the strong interaction and phase exchange between two phases, andreveals the detail characteristics of formation ejection and dissipation of flow vortexaccompanying with the sediment entrainment and transport process over vortex ripples.
引文
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