陕西省生态补偿问题与对策研究
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摘要
陕西省横跨长江、黄河两大流域,地貌类型多样、气候条件复杂。在自然因素和人为因素的反复干扰下,特别是资源开发力度加大和城市化步伐加快,导致了陕西省生态环境日益恶化。作为一种自然公共产品,生态环境在人类经济高速发展过程中,被大规模开发利用,受破坏程度也日趋严重。生态补偿是生态环境治理的有效手段之一,开展生态补偿问题与对策研究,旨在为陕西省生态环境治理提供参考。
本研究在回顾和分析国内外生态补偿领域研究成果和进展的基础上,对严重影响陕西省生态环境质量,制约着陕西社会经济的快速发展的主要生态问题—水土流失和土地荒漠化加剧,森林资源分布不均衡、结构性危机加剧、蓄积量低、林分质量差,能源开发导致生态环境破坏,工农业污染和农村生产生活方式落后、环境污染加剧等进行了论述。
针对陕西省生态补偿实践中存在的生态环境补偿的概念不明晰,生态环境补偿的法律、法规体系零散、适用性差,生态环境补偿的对象不很明确,生态环境补偿政策的制定缺乏广泛参与性,生态环境补偿费标准偏低,生态环境补偿范围偏窄,以“生态治理项目”为主的补偿方式缺乏持续性与稳定性,以及缺少地区之间横向补偿的财政体制保障等弊端,提出了科学规划、合理布局、综合治理,积极发展生态农业和环境友好型工业,处理好资源开发与生态环境治理的矛盾,多渠道筹集生态环境建设资金,加强生态环境治理的相关研究工作等治理思路和建立健全生态环境治理领导机构、健全生态环境治理融资体制、加强生态环境治理资金监管、加大生态环境治理难易程度的评估工作和完善生态系统动态监测数据共享机制等治理生态环境治理的运行机制;并从强化生态环境保护教育、培植生态意识重要性,明晰生态环境产权和加快生态补偿立法,将生态保护的好坏列入官员政绩考核、充分利用生态系统定位观测资料、科学计测生态系统服务功能、大力开展生态补偿研究和科学制定生态补偿标准的必要性,拓宽生态补偿资金融资渠道和建立横向补偿的财政体制的迫切性等方面,提出了生态环境治理的对策。
Shaanxi provice stretches across Yangtz and Yellow rivers with diverse landform types and complex climate conditions.Repeatedly disturbed by natural and factitious factors, especially resources explored and urbanization developed, eco-enviroment of Shaanxi provice was deteriorating day after day.As a public product, eco-enviroment was consumed randomly in the process of economy high speed development and its extent of damage was serious.
Being one of efficient methods for environmet controlling, eco-compensiton has been researched in our study to provide suggestions for environment control in Shaanxi province. Eco-environmental problems wich seriously hindered Shaanxi economy development, such as fearful soil and water loss, desertification, unbalance forest resource, energy resource exploring, pollution and undeveloped production mode and life style in rural area were pointed out.
Aiming at disadvantages of eco-compensition in Shaanxi province, such as blur concept, incomplete and impractical lawsystem, unclear compensation object, unpopular participants in law making ,low eco-compensiton standard,narrow eco-compensiton range,uncontinous and unstable financial sources, thoughts for environment control,such as programming scientificly,harnessing synthetically,developing eco-argriculture and environment-friendly industry actively,treatment relation between exploitation and environmental governance properly,collecting environment haressing fund in multiple ways and strengthening study have been given out.
Mechanism for eco-compensition, such as perfecting environmental governance organization, increasing the fund collection ways, supervising the fund, evaluating difficult extent of environment control and sharing data freely were emphasized.
Countermeasures for environment goverence, such as strengthening environmental education, culturing environmental consciousess, classifying property rights of environment, accelerating eco-compensition law making,assessing achievements of officals by their environmental governance,utilizing data from environment system research station efficiently,measurig ecosystem functions and deciding eco-compensition standard scientificly, financing in diverse ways and establishing eco-compensition principles between relevant areas,were suggested.
本研究在回顾和分析国内外生态补偿领域研究成果和进展的基础上,对严重影响陕西省生态环境质量,制约着陕西社会经济的快速发展的主要生态问题—水土流失和土地荒漠化加剧,森林资源分布不均衡、结构性危机加剧、蓄积量低、林分质量差,能源开发导致生态环境破坏,工农业污染和农村生产生活方式落后、环境污染加剧等进行了论述。
针对陕西省生态补偿实践中存在的生态环境补偿的概念不明晰,生态环境补偿的法律、法规体系零散、适用性差,生态环境补偿的对象不很明确,生态环境补偿政策的制定缺乏广泛参与性,生态环境补偿费标准偏低,生态环境补偿范围偏窄,以“生态治理项目”为主的补偿方式缺乏持续性与稳定性,以及缺少地区之间横向补偿的财政体制保障等弊端,提出了科学规划、合理布局、综合治理,积极发展生态农业和环境友好型工业,处理好资源开发与生态环境治理的矛盾,多渠道筹集生态环境建设资金,加强生态环境治理的相关研究工作等治理思路和建立健全生态环境治理领导机构、健全生态环境治理融资体制、加强生态环境治理资金监管、加大生态环境治理难易程度的评估工作和完善生态系统动态监测数据共享机制等治理生态环境治理的运行机制;并从强化生态环境保护教育、培植生态意识重要性,明晰生态环境产权和加快生态补偿立法,将生态保护的好坏列入官员政绩考核、充分利用生态系统定位观测资料、科学计测生态系统服务功能、大力开展生态补偿研究和科学制定生态补偿标准的必要性,拓宽生态补偿资金融资渠道和建立横向补偿的财政体制的迫切性等方面,提出了生态环境治理的对策。
Shaanxi provice stretches across Yangtz and Yellow rivers with diverse landform types and complex climate conditions.Repeatedly disturbed by natural and factitious factors, especially resources explored and urbanization developed, eco-enviroment of Shaanxi provice was deteriorating day after day.As a public product, eco-enviroment was consumed randomly in the process of economy high speed development and its extent of damage was serious.
Being one of efficient methods for environmet controlling, eco-compensiton has been researched in our study to provide suggestions for environment control in Shaanxi province. Eco-environmental problems wich seriously hindered Shaanxi economy development, such as fearful soil and water loss, desertification, unbalance forest resource, energy resource exploring, pollution and undeveloped production mode and life style in rural area were pointed out.
Aiming at disadvantages of eco-compensition in Shaanxi province, such as blur concept, incomplete and impractical lawsystem, unclear compensation object, unpopular participants in law making ,low eco-compensiton standard,narrow eco-compensiton range,uncontinous and unstable financial sources, thoughts for environment control,such as programming scientificly,harnessing synthetically,developing eco-argriculture and environment-friendly industry actively,treatment relation between exploitation and environmental governance properly,collecting environment haressing fund in multiple ways and strengthening study have been given out.
Mechanism for eco-compensition, such as perfecting environmental governance organization, increasing the fund collection ways, supervising the fund, evaluating difficult extent of environment control and sharing data freely were emphasized.
Countermeasures for environment goverence, such as strengthening environmental education, culturing environmental consciousess, classifying property rights of environment, accelerating eco-compensition law making,assessing achievements of officals by their environmental governance,utilizing data from environment system research station efficiently,measurig ecosystem functions and deciding eco-compensition standard scientificly, financing in diverse ways and establishing eco-compensition principles between relevant areas,were suggested.
引文
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