伺服阀小孔零件自动配对测量技术的研究
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摘要
在电液伺服控制系统中,电液伺服阀将系统的电气部分和液压部分连接起来,实现对液压执行元件的控制,是系统的关键元件。喷嘴和节流孔是伺服阀中的重要零件,其小孔的压差流量特性将直接影响到伺服阀性能,单凭测量尺寸很难达到使用要求,因此大都通过压力和流量的测量方法来满足。在双喷嘴挡板电液伺服阀中的小孔零件都要求其结构对称,因此需要从加工好的喷嘴(节流孔)中挑选出那些压差-流量特性相似的进行两两配对,配好对的小孔零件才可以安装到伺服阀中使用。目前国内伺服阀小孔零件配对还停留在人工配对的阶段,效率低、劳动强度大、误差大,不易最优配对。
本文在研究伺服阀小孔零件压差-流量特性的基础上,首先对伺服阀小孔零件的压差-流量配对测量原理和压力配对测量原理进行了阐述,对自动配对测量系统的总体和各组成部分进行了设计与研制,包括测量油路部分、回油泵站部分、压力控制部分和温度控制部分等。
然后,结合虚拟仪器技术对测量系统的软件的总体功能和结构模式进行了研究。采用了状态机与事件机的混合编程模式实现了对测量软件的编制。
再后,对压差-流量配对测量中采用的配对算法进行了研究,基于不同的配对需要并结合计算机算法原理中的贪心算法思想,提出了最优配对算法和最多配对算法。
最后,通过在测量系统上进行了精度实验验证了系统的测量精度,又通过实验分别验证并实现了最优配对算法和最多配对算法,并在测量软件和数据库的基础上完成测试程序。
In a electro-hydraulic servo control system, electro-hydraulic servo valve which is the key part of the system connects the electrical part and hydraulic part and implements to hydraulic actuator’s control. Nozzle and orifice are very important parts in servo valve, whose flow characteristic under various pressure differences directly affects the function of servo valve, and it is difficult to guarantee its service performance by measuring the dimension, so a high precise measuring instrument is urgently required. The twin flapper-nozzle electro-hydraulic servo valve has strict symmetric structure, so the pairs of nozzle and orifice are required which has consistent flow characteristics, and the process to select the pairs of nozzle or orifices is called as“pairing”. At present, the domestic factories for servo valve mostly adopted manual measuring method to select the pairs of nozzle and orifices. This traditional method has heavy labor intensity as well as high error rate, so the pairing efficiency is very low, furthermore, it is difficult to obtain optimum pairing results.
Based on the deep research of flow characteristics for the small orifice of nozzle, this dissertation firstly gives a description of pressure-flow measurement and pressure measurement of servo valve small orifice part taking a development of the whole measurement system and its several parts, including its hydraulic power, reusing oil system, pressure-control and temperature-control parts.
Secondly, combining with virtual instrument technology this dissertation gives a deep research on the structure and mode of the measurement software based on state machine and case machine construction complete the software program.
Thirdly, this dissertation gives a research on the pairing algorithms of pressure-flow measurement. According to the basic principle of greedy algorithm and different production occasions this dissertation proposes two kinds of algorithms which are optimal paring algorithm and most paring algorithm.
Finally, by means of taking experiments on the measurement system the measurement accuracy and the correctness of the pairing algorithms are verified, then based on the automatic measuring software and database of the measurement system, the pairing program is accomplished.
本文在研究伺服阀小孔零件压差-流量特性的基础上,首先对伺服阀小孔零件的压差-流量配对测量原理和压力配对测量原理进行了阐述,对自动配对测量系统的总体和各组成部分进行了设计与研制,包括测量油路部分、回油泵站部分、压力控制部分和温度控制部分等。
然后,结合虚拟仪器技术对测量系统的软件的总体功能和结构模式进行了研究。采用了状态机与事件机的混合编程模式实现了对测量软件的编制。
再后,对压差-流量配对测量中采用的配对算法进行了研究,基于不同的配对需要并结合计算机算法原理中的贪心算法思想,提出了最优配对算法和最多配对算法。
最后,通过在测量系统上进行了精度实验验证了系统的测量精度,又通过实验分别验证并实现了最优配对算法和最多配对算法,并在测量软件和数据库的基础上完成测试程序。
In a electro-hydraulic servo control system, electro-hydraulic servo valve which is the key part of the system connects the electrical part and hydraulic part and implements to hydraulic actuator’s control. Nozzle and orifice are very important parts in servo valve, whose flow characteristic under various pressure differences directly affects the function of servo valve, and it is difficult to guarantee its service performance by measuring the dimension, so a high precise measuring instrument is urgently required. The twin flapper-nozzle electro-hydraulic servo valve has strict symmetric structure, so the pairs of nozzle and orifice are required which has consistent flow characteristics, and the process to select the pairs of nozzle or orifices is called as“pairing”. At present, the domestic factories for servo valve mostly adopted manual measuring method to select the pairs of nozzle and orifices. This traditional method has heavy labor intensity as well as high error rate, so the pairing efficiency is very low, furthermore, it is difficult to obtain optimum pairing results.
Based on the deep research of flow characteristics for the small orifice of nozzle, this dissertation firstly gives a description of pressure-flow measurement and pressure measurement of servo valve small orifice part taking a development of the whole measurement system and its several parts, including its hydraulic power, reusing oil system, pressure-control and temperature-control parts.
Secondly, combining with virtual instrument technology this dissertation gives a deep research on the structure and mode of the measurement software based on state machine and case machine construction complete the software program.
Thirdly, this dissertation gives a research on the pairing algorithms of pressure-flow measurement. According to the basic principle of greedy algorithm and different production occasions this dissertation proposes two kinds of algorithms which are optimal paring algorithm and most paring algorithm.
Finally, by means of taking experiments on the measurement system the measurement accuracy and the correctness of the pairing algorithms are verified, then based on the automatic measuring software and database of the measurement system, the pairing program is accomplished.
引文
1任光融,张振华,周永强.电液伺服阀制造工艺.宇航出版社, 1988:2~4
2黄增,候保国,方群,王学星.射流管式与喷嘴挡板式电液伺服阀之比较.流体传动与控制, 2007(7):43~45
3 D. Wang, R. Dolid, M. Donath, J. Albright. Development and Verification of a Two-stage Flow Control Servovalve Model. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995(2):121~129
4叶发中.电液伺服阀可靠性设计与分析.战术导弹控制技术, 1992 (1): 1~7
5 H.Hahn, A. Piepenbrink, K.D.Leimbach. Input/output Linearization Control of an Electro Servo-hydraulic Actuator. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Control Applications, 1994(2): 995~1000
6方群,黄增.电液伺服阀的发展历史、研究现状及发展趋势.机床与液压, 2007(11):162~166
7 Richard H. Atkinson. Electro-hydraulic pump controls. Hydraulic pneumatic mechanical drives, Transmissions and Controls power, 1985(31):371
8盛虎.伺服阀运行故障的处理.设备管理与维修, 2007(7):23~33
9梁利华.液压传动与电液伺服系统.哈尔滨工程大学出版社, 2005:210~214
10华弢.长形孔式喷油偶件喷孔流量的实验研究.内燃机燃油喷射和控制, 1999(3):23～28
11陈俊,张宝诚.某型航空发动机燃油喷嘴的试验研究.燃气涡轮试验与研究, 2006(19):40～43
12邢立峰.伺服阀喷嘴流量测试系统的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文, 2007(2):5~25
13孟健.伺服阀喷嘴流量测试台精度实验及配对算法研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文, 2008:5-10
14章宏甲,黄谊.液压传动.机械工业出版社, 2003(4):16~38
15 Mccloy D, Martin H R. The Control of Fluid Power, 1983:3~45
16 Michael J. Electronically Controlled Proportional Valve Selection and Application. Proportional Valve Technology Issure, 1986: 25～43
17 Gray W Johnson. LabVIEW Power Programming. McGraw-Hill Companies, 1998.
18 Goldberg, Harold. What is Virtual Instrumentation? IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine, 2000,3(4): 10~13
19 Cheij,D. Using Iinterchangeable Virtual Instrument(IVI)drivers to Increase TestSystem Performance. Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 2002,16(7): 8~11
20 Dhaher, A.H. G..Applied Virtual Instrumentation. Instrumentation & Measure- ment Magazine, IEEE, 2001,4(1):58~59
21 Wang, J.-L,Liu,J.-Y.Virtual Integrated Test and Virtual Instrument Technology. Beijing Huagong Daxue Xuebao, 2001, (28):84~88
22 Smith,D.C. PYGMALION:A Creative Programming Enviroment. Ph.Ddissertation, Stanford University, 1975.
23孙秋野,柳昂,王云爽. LabVIEW 8.5快速入门与提高.西安交通大学出版社, 2009,(5):3~20
24俞峰,刘学军.虚拟仪器及其应用.电机电器技术, 2002(3):4~7
25卢玉州.基于虚拟仪器的数据采集系统.山东科技大学硕士论文, 2004(5):5~30
26李青霞,任焱唏.虚拟仪器综述.现代科学仪器, 1999(4):10
27 Kodosky, J. MacCrisken, J. Visual Programming Using Structured Data Flow. IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference, 1999:305~312.
28 Fukunaga A.S,Kimura T.D.,Pree W. Object-Oriented Developmentof a Data FlowVisual Language System.Proc.VL’93. IEEE CS Press(1993),134~141.
29 Susan,M., Dinesh,T.B. Generating Visual Editors for Formally SpecifiedLanguages, 1994 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages.
30 D.D.Hils. Visual Languages and Computing Survey. Journal of Visual Languaegs and Computing, 1992,3(1):69~101.
31 Bottoni, Costabile, Levialdi, Mussio. Formalising Visual Languages. IEEE VL’95, 1995,45~52.
32 Peter A. Blume. LabVIEW编程样式.刘章发,衣法臻.电子工业出版社, 2009(6):150~210
33 Jason H. Stover. An Algorithm for Simulating Permutation Tests of Graph-intersection Measures of Association. Computer Statistics & Data Analysis, 2006(11):1840~184
34李曼生.全排列问题的求解算法及相关应用.甘肃科技, 2005(4):74~81
35 Zhigang Lian, Xingsheng, Gu,Bin Jiao. A Novel Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Permutation Flow-shop Scheduling to Minimize Makespan. Chaos Solitons & Fractals, 2008(35):851~861
36 Stefan Kohl. Algorithms for a Class of Infinite Permutation Groups. Joural of Symbolic Computation, 2008(43):545~581
37 D.D.Hils. Visual Languages and Computing Survey. Journal of Visual Languaegs and Computing, 1992,3(1):69~101.
38 Li-Ning. Multiprogramming Genetic Algorithm for Optimization Problems with Permutation Property. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2007(185):473~483
39 Jon Kleinberg, Eva Tardos.算法设计.张立昂,屈婉玲.清华大学出版社, 2007:82~150
40邹恒明.算法之道.机械工业出版社, 2010(2):67~90
41 Alexander Burstein, Isaiah Lankham. A Geometric Form for the Extended Patience Sorting Algorithm. Advaces in Applied Mathmatics, 2006(36):106~117
42曹建芳.一种改进的冒泡排序算法.福建电脑, 2003(10):43~44
43 Md. Rafiqul Islam, Md.Nasim Adnan, Md.Nur Islam, Md.Shohorab Hossen. A New External Sorting Algorithm with No Additional Disk Space, Information Processing Letters, 2003(86):229~233
44丁振良.误差理论与处理.哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2002(5):149~184
45 National Instrument Company. Database Connectivity Toolset User Manual, 2001
46毕虎,律方成. LabVIEW中访问数据库的几种不同方法.微计算机信息, 2006(1):130~135
47杨乐平,李海涛. LabVIEW高级程序设计,清华大学出版社, 2003
48刘阳.虚拟仪器的现状及发展趋势.电子技术应用, 1996(4):4~5
2黄增,候保国,方群,王学星.射流管式与喷嘴挡板式电液伺服阀之比较.流体传动与控制, 2007(7):43~45
3 D. Wang, R. Dolid, M. Donath, J. Albright. Development and Verification of a Two-stage Flow Control Servovalve Model. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995(2):121~129
4叶发中.电液伺服阀可靠性设计与分析.战术导弹控制技术, 1992 (1): 1~7
5 H.Hahn, A. Piepenbrink, K.D.Leimbach. Input/output Linearization Control of an Electro Servo-hydraulic Actuator. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Control Applications, 1994(2): 995~1000
6方群,黄增.电液伺服阀的发展历史、研究现状及发展趋势.机床与液压, 2007(11):162~166
7 Richard H. Atkinson. Electro-hydraulic pump controls. Hydraulic pneumatic mechanical drives, Transmissions and Controls power, 1985(31):371
8盛虎.伺服阀运行故障的处理.设备管理与维修, 2007(7):23~33
9梁利华.液压传动与电液伺服系统.哈尔滨工程大学出版社, 2005:210~214
10华弢.长形孔式喷油偶件喷孔流量的实验研究.内燃机燃油喷射和控制, 1999(3):23～28
11陈俊,张宝诚.某型航空发动机燃油喷嘴的试验研究.燃气涡轮试验与研究, 2006(19):40～43
12邢立峰.伺服阀喷嘴流量测试系统的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文, 2007(2):5~25
13孟健.伺服阀喷嘴流量测试台精度实验及配对算法研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文, 2008:5-10
14章宏甲,黄谊.液压传动.机械工业出版社, 2003(4):16~38
15 Mccloy D, Martin H R. The Control of Fluid Power, 1983:3~45
16 Michael J. Electronically Controlled Proportional Valve Selection and Application. Proportional Valve Technology Issure, 1986: 25～43
17 Gray W Johnson. LabVIEW Power Programming. McGraw-Hill Companies, 1998.
18 Goldberg, Harold. What is Virtual Instrumentation? IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine, 2000,3(4): 10~13
19 Cheij,D. Using Iinterchangeable Virtual Instrument(IVI)drivers to Increase TestSystem Performance. Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 2002,16(7): 8~11
20 Dhaher, A.H. G..Applied Virtual Instrumentation. Instrumentation & Measure- ment Magazine, IEEE, 2001,4(1):58~59
21 Wang, J.-L,Liu,J.-Y.Virtual Integrated Test and Virtual Instrument Technology. Beijing Huagong Daxue Xuebao, 2001, (28):84~88
22 Smith,D.C. PYGMALION:A Creative Programming Enviroment. Ph.Ddissertation, Stanford University, 1975.
23孙秋野,柳昂,王云爽. LabVIEW 8.5快速入门与提高.西安交通大学出版社, 2009,(5):3~20
24俞峰,刘学军.虚拟仪器及其应用.电机电器技术, 2002(3):4~7
25卢玉州.基于虚拟仪器的数据采集系统.山东科技大学硕士论文, 2004(5):5~30
26李青霞,任焱唏.虚拟仪器综述.现代科学仪器, 1999(4):10
27 Kodosky, J. MacCrisken, J. Visual Programming Using Structured Data Flow. IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference, 1999:305~312.
28 Fukunaga A.S,Kimura T.D.,Pree W. Object-Oriented Developmentof a Data FlowVisual Language System.Proc.VL’93. IEEE CS Press(1993),134~141.
29 Susan,M., Dinesh,T.B. Generating Visual Editors for Formally SpecifiedLanguages, 1994 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages.
30 D.D.Hils. Visual Languages and Computing Survey. Journal of Visual Languaegs and Computing, 1992,3(1):69~101.
31 Bottoni, Costabile, Levialdi, Mussio. Formalising Visual Languages. IEEE VL’95, 1995,45~52.
32 Peter A. Blume. LabVIEW编程样式.刘章发,衣法臻.电子工业出版社, 2009(6):150~210
33 Jason H. Stover. An Algorithm for Simulating Permutation Tests of Graph-intersection Measures of Association. Computer Statistics & Data Analysis, 2006(11):1840~184
34李曼生.全排列问题的求解算法及相关应用.甘肃科技, 2005(4):74~81
35 Zhigang Lian, Xingsheng, Gu,Bin Jiao. A Novel Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Permutation Flow-shop Scheduling to Minimize Makespan. Chaos Solitons & Fractals, 2008(35):851~861
36 Stefan Kohl. Algorithms for a Class of Infinite Permutation Groups. Joural of Symbolic Computation, 2008(43):545~581
37 D.D.Hils. Visual Languages and Computing Survey. Journal of Visual Languaegs and Computing, 1992,3(1):69~101.
38 Li-Ning. Multiprogramming Genetic Algorithm for Optimization Problems with Permutation Property. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2007(185):473~483
39 Jon Kleinberg, Eva Tardos.算法设计.张立昂,屈婉玲.清华大学出版社, 2007:82~150
40邹恒明.算法之道.机械工业出版社, 2010(2):67~90
41 Alexander Burstein, Isaiah Lankham. A Geometric Form for the Extended Patience Sorting Algorithm. Advaces in Applied Mathmatics, 2006(36):106~117
42曹建芳.一种改进的冒泡排序算法.福建电脑, 2003(10):43~44
43 Md. Rafiqul Islam, Md.Nasim Adnan, Md.Nur Islam, Md.Shohorab Hossen. A New External Sorting Algorithm with No Additional Disk Space, Information Processing Letters, 2003(86):229~233
44丁振良.误差理论与处理.哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2002(5):149~184
45 National Instrument Company. Database Connectivity Toolset User Manual, 2001
46毕虎,律方成. LabVIEW中访问数据库的几种不同方法.微计算机信息, 2006(1):130~135
47杨乐平,李海涛. LabVIEW高级程序设计,清华大学出版社, 2003
48刘阳.虚拟仪器的现状及发展趋势.电子技术应用, 1996(4):4~5